Njira zopangira tinyanga za DVB-T2 zolandila wailesi yakanema ya digito

Ngati simukufuna kugula mlongoti DVB-T2 kwa digito TV , mukhoza kupanga nokha ntchito zipangizo zilipo. Popeza palibe mapangidwe omwe angagwire bwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana, muyenera kusankha mtundu woyenera kwambiri wa chipangizo chopangidwa kunyumba, kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri.

Tinyanga Zosavuta

Ngati pakufunika kufunikira komanga mlongoti wa DVB T2, ndipo mndandanda wazinthu zosinthidwa ndi zochepa, mutha kusonkhanitsa chida choyambirira nokha.

“Tin” (can) mlongoti

Amasonkhana mofulumira komanso mosavuta. Kuti mulandire bwino, muyenera chizindikiro chapamwamba popanda zopinga. Yaikulu zotsatira angapezeke mu wakunja kwatawuni madera ndi midzi yaing’ono. Popanga muyenera:

• zitini za mowa – 2 ma PC.;
• screwdriver, mabawuti, zomangira zokha;
• pulagi, chingwe;
• waya wamkuwa (chidutswa chaching’ono);
• tepi yomatira kapena insulating tepi;
• matabwa – 2 ma PC.

Kwa mlongoti, ndikofunikira kupanga chimango cha cruciform kuchokera kumitengo. Kenako timachita izi:

1. Timapanga mabowo a ma bolts pakati pa pansi pa zitini.
2. Timachotsa kusungunula kwa chingwe popanda kukhudza mbali yakunja, yofanana kutalika ndi mitsuko itatu + wina 20 cm.
3. Timatambasula chingwe kudzera mu dzenje limodzi kupita ku lina, ndikuyika zitini ndi makosi awo mofanana. Timakonza chingwe kumapeto ndi bolt kapena self-tapping screw.
4. Timakonza chingwe kuchokera ku dzenje ndi gawo lake lopanda kanthu pakati pa mabanki ndi waya.
5. Timakonza mitsukoyo ndi tepi kapena tepi yotsekera (kutembenuka kumodzi ndikokwanira) ku bar ya chimango, yomwe ili yopingasa.
6. Timalumikiza pulagi.

Mukamapinda, musawononge chingwe, apo ayi simungapeze chizindikiro chabwino. Osadumpha pagawo lopanda chingwe – muli ndi malire a 0.2 m.

Tsopano ife kudziwa chofunika imeneyi pakati mitsuko. Timagwirizanitsa pulagi ndikuwasuntha pa bar mpaka chizindikiro chokhazikika chilandiridwa. Monga lamulo, zotsatira zazikulu zimatheka pamtunda wa masentimita 7 kuchokera ku mtsuko umodzi kupita ku wina. Pambuyo pake, timawagwirizanitsa mwamphamvu ku contour. Ngati mlongoti ukugwiritsidwa ntchito panja, m’pofunika kuphimba ndi polyethylene kapena kupanga pulasitiki. Mukhoza kukwera chipangizo pa mbedza. Ngati chingwe chopanda kanthu cha 2 cm chitsalira potuluka, kulungani gawo lowonjezera ndi tepi yotchinga. Momwe mungapangire mlongoti wosavuta kuchokera m’zitini zikuwonetsedwa muvidiyoyi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kt8u3U-Hp8g

“Lupu”

Mbali yogwira ntchito ndi chingwe cha TV. Antenna iyi imapangidwa motere:

1. Chotsani chingwe ku mlongoti wolakwika.
2. Timatsuka pomaliza.
3. Timayeza 0,4 m, chotsani kutchinjiriza ndi 20 mm, kuyesera kuti tisawononge dera lakunja.
4. Malo opanda kanthu ndi gawo lomwe adatsukidwa amangiriridwa mwamphamvu mofanana ndi waya.

Chotsatiracho chiyenera kukhala chozungulira (kupitirira pang’ono kupitirira 0.15 mamita) kuchokera ku chingwe monga wolandira. Pambuyo pake, pakatikati moyang’anizana ndi mbali yolumikizira, yesani 40 mm ndikuchotsa zotsekera. Tsopano mlongoti ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Choyipa cha chipangizocho ndi phokoso lake, popeza mapeto a chingwe ndi otseguka. Koma pakugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi, mlongoti wotere udzachita. Momwe mungapangire mlongoti wosavuta wa chingwe chikuwonetsedwa mu kanema pansipa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdD3nANJbQY

Kwa mlongoti wotere, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chochunira cha T2 kapena TV iyenera kukhala ndi T2 yomangidwa.

Antenna kunja kwa bokosi

Zomwe zimayambira kupanga chipangizocho ndi bokosi la makatoni. Timadula makona awiri a 0.25×0.3 m kuchokera pamenepo, muyenera kukonzekera:

• TV chingwe ndi pulagi;
• mabawuti, mtedza (2 ma PC.);
• screwdriver, lumo;
• waya (makamaka mkuwa);
• pepala la chakudya kapena zojambulazo;
• guluu (atsogoleri ndi oyenera).

Timadula mabwalo awiri kuchokera papepala lazakudya (zozungulira ziyenera kukhala ngati zosoweka za makatoni). Amangireni mwamphamvu ku makatoni opanda kanthu. Timachotsa guluu yotsalayo.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo ku makatoni, pewani mipata ndi ma protrusions, apo ayi phwando lidzakhala losauka.

Mabwalo opangidwa adzakhala gawo lolandirira la tinyanga. Tsopano timagwirizanitsa chingwe. Ndi tsamba timapanga mabowo a ma bolts – pamakona a mabwalo (mbali zoyandikana). Kenako timakokera mzere wamkati ku imodzi mwamabowo, ndi mawonekedwe akunja (zitsulo zachitsulo) kupita kwina. Timamanga zolumikizana ndi mabawuti. Timapeza kulandirira kokhazikika mwa kulumikiza chingwe ku TV. Timasuntha mabwalo ndikusunga kufanana kwa mbali zoyandikana. Titapeza mtunda wofunikira, timalumikiza mabwalo ku chimango. Onerani kanema wowonetsa pang’onopang’ono momwe mungapangire mlongoti wotere: https://youtu.be/gwqKRAePtZw

Gwiritsani ntchito chipangizocho ngati mlongoti wamkati , popeza zojambulazo sizimalimbana ndi chilengedwe chakunja bwino.

Z-mlongoti – decimeter mlongoti kwa digito TV DVB-T2

Chipangizo chopangira nyumbachi chimatchedwanso “Square”, “People’s Zigzag”, “Rhombus”. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa mtundu wosavuta wa zigzag zachikale. Kuti muwonjezere kukhudzidwa, imakhala ndi ma capacitive inserts (1, 2) ndi reflector A. Ngati mulingo wa chizindikiro uli wovomerezeka, izi sizikufunika. Kuti mupange mlongoti ndi manja anu, mudzafunika machubu opangidwa ndi mkuwa, aluminiyamu, mkuwa kapena zingwe za 0.1-0.15 m. Mukayika kamangidwe kameneka panja, aluminiyumu ndi yabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwake. Popanga zoikamo capacitive, zojambulazo, malata kapena zitsulo mauna ndi oyenera. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa, ayenera kupanga contour soldering.

Kuyika kwa zingwe kuyenera kuchitika popanda kupindika komanso mkati mwa kuyikapo mbali.

[id id mawu = “attachment_276” align = “aligncenter” wide = “600”] Z-mlongoti wa mafunde a decimeter[/ mawu] Mtundu wapamwamba wa Z-antenna umadziwika ndi kugwira ntchito pa 1-5 kapena 6-12. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusunga:

• matabwa a matabwa;
• waya enameled mkuwa 0.6-1.2 mm;
• zidutswa za fiberglass (zojambula), miyeso yofananira 1-5 / 6-12 njira:
  • A = 340/95 cm;
  • B, C = 170/45 cm;
  • b = 10/2.8 cm;
  • H = 30/10 cm.

E – mfundo iyi imadziwika ndi zero kuthekera – kuluka kuyenera kugulitsidwa ku mbale yazitsulo kuti ithandizire. Zowonetsera zowonetsera (komanso pamayendedwe ofananira 1-5 / 6-12):

• A \u003d 62 / 17.5 cm;
• B = 30/13 cm;
• D = 320/90 cm.

Chithunzi china ndi mafotokozedwe owonjezera omwe angathandize kusonkhanitsa mlongoti akuwonetsedwa pansipa:

Dzichitireni nokha mlongoti wapa TV wa digito:

https://youtu.be/l1PuJLS7BlM

mlongoti eyiti

Imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polandila TV ya digito. Alinso ndi dzina lina – mlongoti Kharchenkokapena awiri. Ndi mbali ziwiri zooneka ngati diamondi. Chipangizochi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m’mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, kupatula nyumba zolimba kwambiri, chifukwa zimasokoneza kulandira ma siginecha owonetsedwa. Popanga “eyiti” m’pofunika kupanga mawerengedwe olondola, poganizira kutalika kwa kutalika. Mbali zonse za sikweya ndi theka la kutalika kwa gawo la mafunde ziyenera kufanana. Zotsatira zake, perimeter idzakhala yofanana ndi kutalika kwa mafunde omwewo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa DTV mu mzinda adzakhala 0,6 mamita, motero, mbali imodzi ndi 0,15 m. mm) waya. Malinga ndi lingaliro la mapangidwe, padzakhala kofunikira kupanga mabwalo awiri. Ndikofunikira kudula 2 cm kuchokera kumalekezero a waya ndikumangiriza wina ndi mzake kuti

Onetsetsani kuti mwalekanitsa malekezero omangika a mawaya awiriawiri wina ndi mzake, apo ayi mlongoti umangotulutsa chizindikiro.

Kwa chimango, mtengo wosavuta umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati zochita zonse zachitidwa molondola, wolandirayo amakhazikika nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa sikofunikira kuyang’ana magwiridwe antchito. Chingwecho chimagulitsidwa chimodzimodzi pakati, pamphambano ya waya imathera pa mfundo imodzi. Onerani kanema wamomwe mungapangire mlongoti wa biquadratic ndi manja anu: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3o0ZBUcL2f0

Njira yamagetsi yazinthu zitatu kapena zinayi

Mtundu wapamwamba wa “wave” antenna wazinthu zitatu umadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zigawo izi:

• wotsogolera, yemwe ali ndi utali wochepa kwambiri ndipo amalunjika ku nsanja ya TV;
• amakona anayi vibrator;
• chowonetsera.

Pezani chipangizo – mpaka 6 dB. Mlongoti amatha kunyamula chizindikiro cha DVB-T2 kuchokera pawailesi yakanema pafupifupi 5 km kapena kuwona mwachindunji mpaka 30 km. Osapereka phindu lalikulu, chipangizo choterocho sichiri choyenera kulandira kwautali kwa zizindikiro zosonyezedwa. Kuti muwonjezere phindu, muyenera kukonzekeretsa kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu khumi kapena kupitilira apo. Ndizovuta kupanga antenna yotere nokha. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi zinthu zitatu kapena zinayi. Algorithm ya zochita ndi izi:

1. Ndikofunikira kusungitsa waya wamkuwa kapena chubu kuchokera ku 0,2 mpaka 0.5 cm. Timagulitsa chowonetsera, chowongolera ndi vibrator ku kalozera wa chipangizocho.
2. Mapangidwewo amamangiriridwa pamtengo wa dielectric womwe uli pafupi ndi chingwe. Mlongoti umagwirizanitsidwa ndi gawo la chingwe cha mlongoti – chigongono cha U, chokhala ndi kukana kwa mafunde a 75 ohms. Kutalika kwake kumachulukitsidwa ndi kufupikitsa komwe kumakhala mumtundu wa chingwe chogwiritsidwa ntchito.
3. Vibrator ya antenna imagulitsidwa mbali zonse ndi ma cores apakati a U-elbow. Zotsirizirazi zimagwirizanitsidwa mofanana ndi zowonetsera za chingwe chotuluka, ndipo maziko ake apakati amagwirizanitsidwa ndi vibrator ya antenna.

Kuphatikizika kwa wotsogolera m’modzi kumathandizira kukulitsa phindu la 2 dB, zomwe zidzapereka mlongoti wazinthu zinayi pazotulutsa ndikuwonjezera malo olandirira okhazikika ndi makilomita angapo.

Kapangidwe ka mlongoti wa “wave channel” wazinthu zitatu akuwonetsedwa muvidiyoyi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLY0_7brvbo

Magawo awiri (atatu).

Kudzipanga nokha kwa mlongoti uwu ndi kofanana powerengera ndi chipangizo cha biquad. Mawonekedwe apangidwe ndi makonzedwe a mabwalo angapo ofanana chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku mlongoti wa G8 ndi kusowa kwa kulandira chizindikiro chokhazikika kuchokera ku wobwereza TV, chomwe chimachotsedwa patali kwambiri. Cholinga cha masikweya awiri (katatu) ndikulandila ma siginecha pamalo otalikirana ndi ma radiation. Nthawi zambiri nsanja ya kanema wawayilesi m’nyumba zophatikizika kwambiri, ngakhale ili pafupi, patha kukhala nsanja zina zolandirira zama frequency osiyanasiyana zomwe zimasokoneza mafunde a decimeter. Chipangizo chopangidwa kunyumbachi chimatha kulandira mafunde autali wina popanda zovuta, ndipo mapangidwe amtundu wa chipangizocho amakhala ngati amplifier. Mabwalo amaikidwa mosavuta pa bala. Kuyika chipangizocho molunjika,

Lumikizani mabwalo kwa wina ndi mzake osati pamalo omwe akugwira ntchito, koma mothandizidwa ndi ma cell amafuta omwe akutuluka. Ngati izi sizikuyenda bwino, wonetsani chingwecho mochulukirapo ndikuchigulitsa kumakona apansi a mabwalo, ndikuchimanga pa bar.

Mukamaliza kusonkhanitsa mabwalo angapo, akonzeni kwakanthawi ndipo, posintha mtunda pakati pawo, wonetsani kulandirira koyenera kwa ma siginecha, kenako konzani mwamphamvu. Momwe mungapangire mlongoti kuchokera ku ma biquads angapo kuti muwonjezere phindu zikuwonetsedwa muvidiyoyi: https://youtu.be/6mCVeQgPqvE

Mlongoti DVB T2 “Gulugufe” (“Moth”)

Mwadongosolo, mlongoti wotere umadziwika ndi tinyanga tating’ono. Mwanjira zina, zida zotere ndizofanana ndi zida zapafakitale zapa TV za digito zopangidwa ku Poland, koma zimasiyana chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito chimango m’malo mwa magawo angapo. Kuti mupange “gulugufe” ndi manja anu, muyenera kusunga:

• kubowola ndi zomangira;
• wolamulira ndi protractor;
• odula waya;
• waya (6 mm) wopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu 3 m kutalika;
• bolts ndi mtedza (16 ma PC.) kapena chitsulo chosungunulira;
• ndodo yamatabwa.

Monga lamulo, ma antenna a digito opangidwa ndi ku Poland amapangidwa kuti aziyika panja, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mapangidwewo adzafunikanso kuyikidwa panja. Kuti mupirire mphepo yamphamvu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito waya wamkuwa (3 mm) kwa tinyanga zazitali, koma aluminiyamu yokulirapo.

Mapulogalamu a TV a digito amagwira ntchito ndi ma TV 21 (mafupipafupi 314 MHz, wavelength 0.63 m). Izi zimagwirizana ndi ma radiation obwerezabwereza a RTRS. Kutalika kofunikira kwa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi 0,16 m, kwa “minyanga” yonse – 2.56 m. Choncho, waya wa mamita atatu udzakhala wokwanira.

Ndodo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimango, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 0,6 m. Izi zimachitika motere:

1. Timalemba mfundo 4 pa mtunda wofanana (0.2 m).
2. Timajambula mizere kuchokera ku mfundozo, ziyenera kunama mofanana wina ndi mzake ndi perpendicular kwa chimango.
3. Timayeza ngodya zoyandikana za madigiri 30 (2 kumanzere ndi 2 kumanja) kuchokera ku mizere yowongoka ndikuyika mfundo.
4. Timajambula mizere pamakona kupita kumalo osankhidwa kuchokera pakatikati. Mizere iyi ikhala ngati cholozera kukhazikitsa “mlongoti”.

Poganizira za kutalika kwa theka la gawo la 0,15 m, tisanthula njira ziwiri zopangira pawokha mlongoti wotere.

Kupanga pogwiritsa ntchito soldering iron

Pamenepa, kumanga nyumbayi kudzatenga nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Zogulitsa zitsulo zimakhazikika mofanana pa ndodo yamatabwa. Pachifukwa ichi, zidutswa 4 zazitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (zimagwirizana) kapena waya. Kuti muwone kuyika kwa TE, ndikofunikira kuti chimango chamatabwa chikhale chotseguka. Malo omangirira antenna adzakhala ngati mfundo zazikuluzikulu pa cholembera, ndipo mizere yojambulidwa pamakona idzakhala ngati malo awo. Timatenga waya, kudula magawo 16 (0,15 m aliyense) ndi odula mawaya ndikugulitsa tinyanga tating’ono tomwe tapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, timagulu 4, ku mfundo zonse zomwe zasonyezedwa.

Ndikofunikira kuti magulu onse azinthu azikulungidwa ndi tepi yoteteza.

Bolting

Mwachiwonetsero ichi, palibe zowonjezera zitsulo pamapangidwe amatabwa – motero, chipangizocho chidzakhala chopepuka. Ndodo imasankhidwa ndi magawo otsatirawa: m’lifupi – 4 cm, makulidwe – kuchokera masentimita 2. Choyamba, “maenje” a tinyanga amakonzedwa ndi kubowola. Amapangidwa kumbali ya ndodo molowera mkati motsatira mzere wa chizindikirocho. Pambuyo pake, mabowo amabowoledwa ndikudutsa m’mphepete mwa maenjewo. Chojambula chachitika. Timadula zidutswa za 0,17 m kuchokera ku waya (ndi m’mphepete), kumiza tinyanga tating’onoting’ono m’mabowo ndi 2 cm, kenaka timakonza ndi mtedza ndi bolts. Timakulunga tinyanga ndi waya woonda, kugwirizanitsa wina ndi mzake.

Kupanga mlongoti motere kumatenga nthawi yochulukirapo, koma kutulutsa kwake kumakhala kolimba kuposa kapangidwe kamene kamagulitsidwa.

Momwe mungapangire mlongoti wa butterfly muvidiyoyi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGpHdvDyt6s

Antenna N. Turkina polandira wailesi yakanema ya digito

Chipangizocho chimakhala ndi mphete 6 za waya wachitsulo, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati ma vibrator ndi zinthu zopanda pake ndipo zimayikidwa pa dielectric kalozera. Mlongoti uwu umakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yolandirira kuposa makwerero atatu, choncho nthawi zambiri imayikidwa kuti ilandire zizindikiro za DVB-T2. N. Turkin’s antenna ndi yopapatiza, kotero zosintha zolondola zidzafunika pakuyika kwake. Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa m’dera lomwe lili ndi multiplex imodzi (ngati pali ziwiri, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi njira). Zikafalikira pamakina ochulukirapo, kulandirira kudzakhala koyipa. Chipangizochi chili ndi zigawo izi:

• ndodo ya dielectric yomwe kukhazikitsa kumachitikira;
• otsogolera D1÷D3 ndi chowonetsera R – zinthu zopanda pake;
• V1, V2 – vibrator;
• mphete za ferrite (kuvala chingwe pafupi ndi kugwirizana kwa ma vibrators) – chipangizo chofananira.

Kulumikizana kwa vibrator yogwira kumachokera ku Swiss square: kulumikiza kozungulira kwa mphete zokhala ndi mabala otsika kuchokera pansi.

Kukhazikitsa mudzafunika:

• kudziwa DVB-T2 pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana;
• kuwerengera molondola kukula kwa chipangizocho;
• kupanga zigawo, solder dera magetsi.

Deta yoyambira pafupipafupi komanso manambala amakanema kuti awerengetsedwe atha kupezeka pazantchito za opanga ma TV a DVB-T2. Tikambirana digito TV pa tchanelo 40, pafupipafupi 626 MHz. Mtunda (L) pakati pa zinthu – 29, 72, 96, 60, 96 mm (okwana – 353 mm). Zozungulira ndi 470, 465, 460, 484, 489, 537 mm.
Popeza tasankha magawo, tiyeni tigwire ntchito:

1. Timasankha matabwa a matabwa (kutalika kwake kuyenera kupitirira pang’ono kuposa 353 mm) kwa ndodo yotetezera, waya wamkuwa (makamaka 2.5 sq. Mm. Ndipo 4 m kutalika).
2. Timayika mabowo omwe mphetezo zidzalumikizidwa, ndikubowola.
3. Timapanga ma vibrator omwe amagwira ntchito komanso zinthu zopanda pake. Timadula pachimake chamkuwa mozungulira kuzungulira kwa mphete iliyonse. Timapinda zigawo zonse kukhala mphete. Kwa vibrator yogwira ntchito, malekezero a mphete amapangidwa ndi kusiyana, kotero timawonjezera kutalika kwa magawo ndi 8 cm, kuwapinda kumbali yoyenera. Timagulitsa modutsa mpaka koyambirira kotsatira.
4. Timafupikitsa ma cascades a zinthu zopanda pake, kenako ndikuziyika pa ndodo ya dialectical. Timagulitsa malekezero a mphete.
5. Timayika owongolera panjira. Timadutsa jumper yopangidwa ndi mkuwa woonda, kukankhira mphete ya vibrator mbali zonse. Timakulunga jumper pamwamba pa malo otsekedwa kumbali zonse ziwiri ndikugulitsa.
6. Kukhazikitsa vibrator.
7. Ikani chowunikira.
8. Timagwirizanitsa chingwe.
9. Timayang’ana ubwino wa phwando.

Musanayambe kupanga mlongoti kwa digito TV, muyenera kudziwa amene angavomereze bwino mtundu wa DVB-T2. Mutawunikanso mitundu ingapo ya tinyanga tapanyumba, mutha kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri pamlandu wanu.