Momwe mungapangire mlongoti wa Kharchenko wa TV ya digito ndi manja anu: kuwerengera, msonkhano wa biquadrate

Tsopano pali kusintha kwachangu kwa wailesi yakanema ya analogi kupita ku digito. Kuyambira 2012, muyezo umodzi wowulutsa pawailesi yakanema wa digito
DVB-T2 walandiridwa kuti uwonedwe kwaulere. Kuti mupeze mwayi wotero, zimangokhala kuti mupeze cholandila-chomwe mungadzipangire nokha. Chimodzi mwazinthu zotsika mtengo kwambiri pa TV ya digito yomwe mutha kusonkhanitsa ndi manja anu ndi mlongoti wa Kharchenko.

Features ndi chipangizo cha mlongoti Kharchenko

Lingaliro la kudzipangira chipangizo chachokera pa chitukuko cha injiniya Kharchenko. Mlongoti unkagwira ntchito mumtundu wa decimeter (DCV), wotchuka kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo. Ichi ndi chofanana ndi mlongoti wa pobowo potengera chakudya cha zigzag. Chizindikirocho chimasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chowonetsera chathyathyathya (cholimba kapena chotchinga cha lattice – chimango chopangidwa ndi zinthu zoyendetsera), chokulirapo kuposa vibrator ndi 20%. Kudzipangira nokha, padzakhala koyenera kuganizira za mawonekedwe a geometric ndikusankha chinthu china.
Chizindikiro cha kanema wawayilesi chimafalitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde okhala ndi polarization yopingasa. Mtundu wosavuta wa mlongoti umaperekedwa ngati ma vibrator awiri opingasa olumikizidwa kufananiza, koma amalumikizidwa pamalo pomwe cholumikizira (chingwe) chimalumikizidwa. Miyesoyo idawonetsedwa m’nkhani ya Kharchenko “Antenna of the DTSV range”, ndipo mlongoti umawerengedwa molingana ndi njira zomwe wolemba adalemba.

Zida ndi zida zopangira mlongoti wa Kharchenko

Zofunikira:

• kabati ya grill;
• utoto wamoto wopopera;
• zosungunulira kapena acetone;
• kubowola kwa kubowola;
• coaxial TV chingwe (osapitirira 10 mamita);
• PVC chitoliro XB 50 masentimita ndi awiri a 20 mm;
• ma dowels achitsulo a drywall;
• waya wamkuwa wa vibrator wokhala ndi mainchesi 2 mpaka 3.5 mm;
• 2 mbale zachitsulo zopyapyala.

Zida zogwirira ntchito:

• soldering chitsulo 100 W;
• screwdrivers ndi nozzles;
• mfuti ya glue yotentha;
• odula waya, pliers, nyundo;
• pensulo, tepi muyeso, mpeni wa molar.

Vibrator imatha kupangidwa ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo (mkuwa, aluminiyamu) ndi ma alloys (nthawi zambiri mkuwa). Zinthuzo zitha kukhala ngati waya, mizere, ngodya, machubu.

Timawerengera

Popanga mlongoti wa Kharchenko, m’pofunika kuchita mawerengedwe olondola pogwiritsa ntchito calculator kapena formula. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu, mutha kuwerengera kuyika kwa mlongoti ngakhale ndi chizindikiro chofooka – pafupifupi 500 MHz. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa pafupipafupi awiri DVB-T2 TV kuulutsa mapaketi m’dera lanu. Izi zitha kupezeka patsamba la CETV lolumikizana ndi mapu. Kumeneko muyenera kupeza nsanja yapafupi ya TV, komanso kuwulutsa komwe kulipo (paketi imodzi kapena ziwiri) ndi ma frequency omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Pambuyo pozindikira mayendedwe a mapaketi, kutalika kwa mbali za sikweya ya cholandirira chopangidwa ndi antenna kumawerengedwa. Chojambula ndi chojambula cha mlongoti chimapangidwa pamaziko a mafupipafupi otumizira chizindikiro. Hertz (Hz) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza ndipo amasonyezedwa ndi chilembo F. Mwachitsanzo, mungagwiritse ntchito maulendo a pawailesi yakanema a mapaketi oyambirira ndi achiwiri mumzinda wa Moscow – 546 ndi 498 megahertz (MHz).

Calculator

Kuwerengera kumachitika molingana ndi chilinganizo: liwiro la kuwala / pafupipafupi, ndiye: C / F \u003d 300/546 \u003d 0.55 m \u003d 550 mm. Mofananamo kwa multiplex yachiwiri: 300/498 = 0,6 = 600 mm. Miyezo ya kutalika kwa mafunde ndi 5, 5, ndi 6 dm, motsatana. Kuti muwalandire, mufunika mlongoti wa UHF, wotchedwa decimeter antenna. Pambuyo pake, ndizosavuta kuwerengera m’lifupi mwa mafundewo kudutsa, kuwonetsera pa wolandila. Ndi 1/2 ya kutalika, motero 275 ndi 300 mm kwa phukusi loyamba ndi lachiwiri.

Kuti mutsimikizire kulandila kwapamwamba kwa chizindikiro cha digito, m’mphepete uliwonse wa biquadrate uyenera kukhala theka la m’lifupi mwake mwa mafunde. Popanga, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito pachimake cha aluminiyamu kapena chubu chamkuwa. Moyenera, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito waya wamkuwa (3-5 mm) – ali ndi geometry yokhazikika ndipo amapindika bwino.

Kharchenko antenna kuwerengera kwa digito TV: chowerengera ndi njira zopangira: https://youtu.be/yeE2SRCR3yc

Msonkhano wa Antenna

Kupanga mlongoti wa Kharchenko pawailesi yakanema yapa digito kumaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

1. Polarization ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunde kumatsimikiziridwa. Chojambulacho chiyenera kukhala chofanana.
2. Mkuwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mlongoti wa biquadreceiver. Zinthu zonse zili pamakona, chimodzi mwazo ziyenera kukhudza. Kwa polarization yopingasa, kapangidwe kake kamayenera kuyikidwa molunjika. Ndi polarization yowongoka, chipangizocho chimayikidwa pambali pake.
3. Waya wamkuwa amayezedwa ndikutengera kutalika kofunikira (+1 cm). Chubu chamkuwa kapena aluminium (m’mimba mwake 12 mm) ndi choyenera. Kutsekera kochokera pachimake chamkuwa kumatsukidwa. Wolinganizidwa ndi nyundo pamalo olimba. Pakati amayezedwa ndi kupindika madigiri 90. Ngati pali vise, ndiye kuti waya amamangika ndikumangika mwa iwo. Bend amapangidwa molingana ndi miyeso yowerengedwa.
4. Kumapeto kumodzi, kachidutswa kakang’ono kamadulidwa pamakona a digirii 45 kuti apange nsonga yolunjika. Mapeto achiwiri akupindika, ndondomeko yomweyi ikuchitika pa izo. Mabwalo onsewa amatha kupindika pang’ono nthawi imodzi. Pakatikati mwa mapindikidwe amkati, mabala ang’onoang’ono amapangidwa ndi fayilo ya singano. Ndiye zidzakhala zotheka kukoka palimodzi mbali ziwiri zaulerezi ndikuzikonza ndi waya woonda wamkuwa.
5. Mudzafunika chitsulo chosungunulira, komanso rosin yamadzimadzi kapena flux kuti muwongolere pakati. Izi zimachitika mbali iliyonse ya waya wamkuwa.
6. Chingwe cha coaxial chimachotsedwa ndi masentimita 4-5. Cholumikizira kapena chowongolera chakunja chimapindika mu waya umodzi ndikukulunga mozungulira imodzi mwamapindika. Solder kwa waya wamkuwa. Kusungunula kwa conductor wamkati kumavulidwa ndipo mofananamo kumangiriridwa pa bend lotsatira. Soldering iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, kuchirikiza kutsekereza ndi pliers, chifukwa kutentha kumatha kupangitsa kuti ichoke. Choyamba, chimango chimatenthedwa pamalo osindikizira, ndiyeno woyendetsa yekha.
7. Wiring wa chingwe amakhazikika ndi tayi ya nayiloni, yodetsedwa ndi zosungunulira. Malo osindikizira amasiyanitsidwa ndi guluu wotentha pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti. Chowumitsira tsitsi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza zolakwika pakupanga zomatira.
   

   Kuwoneka, mkati mwa ngodya zapakati za kapangidwe kake, kofanana ndi chiwerengero chachisanu ndi chitatu, chiyenera kukhala pafupi wina ndi mzake (10-12 mm), koma osakhudza. Ngati cholakwika chikuchitika pakupindika kwa contour, ngakhale ndi 1 mm, chithunzicho chikhoza kusokonezedwa.

8. Chingwecho chimabweretsedwa kumalo oyandikira kuchokera kumbali ziwiri. Njira imodzi yachithunzi iyenera kutsekedwa, chifukwa ichi chishango chowunikira chamkuwa chimayikidwa. Imamangirizidwa ku chingwe chotchinga.
9. Popanga chowunikira, matabwa a textolite okutidwa ndi mkuwa adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Tsopano mbale zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Komanso, chowunikiracho chikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku kabati ya grill. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chowotcha kutentha kuchokera mufiriji kapena chowumitsira mbale. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti mapangidwewo sachita dzimbiri panja. Chowonetsera chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa chimango cha vibrator.
10. Chimangocho chili pakati pa chowunikira. Kwa kumangirira kwake, mungagwiritse ntchito mbale ziwiri zachitsulo.
11. Chizindikiro pamaulendo apamwamba chimafalikira pamtunda wa kondakitala, choncho ndi bwino kuphimba mlongoti ndi utoto. Malo osindikizira amadzazidwa ndi glue otentha kapena sealant.

Wolandirayo ayenera kukhala patali ndi chowunikira, chowerengedwa ndi chilinganizo: wavelength / 7. Mlongoti umayikidwa kumbali ya wobwereza.

Momwe mungapangire mawerengedwe olondola ndikupanga antenna ya Kharchenko ikuwonetsedwa muvidiyoyi: https://youtu.be/Wf6DG2JbVcA

Kulumikizana

Mapeto amodzi a chingwe ndi kukana kwa 50-75 ohms amagulitsidwa ku mlongoti womalizidwa, wina ku pulagi. Ndi bwino kulumikiza chingwe pamwamba pa maziko, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pansi ngati zomangira. Chithunzi ndi kumveka kwa kuwulutsa kwa digito kwa TV sizitengera kutalika komwe kufalikira kudzakhala, mosiyana ndi kuwulutsa kwa analogi. Ndi kupanga koyenera kwa mlongoti, kutumiza kwa siginecha kwa wolandila kudzachitika mwabwinobwino ndipo sipayenera kukhala zovuta. Komabe, ngati kulephera kuchitika, chizindikirocho chidzazimiririka (phokoso ndi chithunzi zidzatha). Mosiyana ndi kanema wawayilesi waanalogi, mawonekedwe azithunzi za digito ndi ofanana pamakanema onse ndipo sipangakhale kusiyana.

Kuyesedwa muzochita

Mlongoti wophatikizidwa uyenera kufufuzidwa. Kuti muyese TV ya digito, pabokosi lokhazikitsira pamwamba pa menyu yayikulu kapena pa TV, muyenera kuyendetsa makina osinthira okha. Njirayi ingotenga mphindi zochepa. Kuti mufufuze ma tchanelo mumayendedwe apamanja, muyenera kuyika ma frequency awo. Kuti musataye nthawi pakufufuza kwathunthu, komanso ngati muli ndi njira zomwe zakonzedwa kale, mutha kuthandizira izi. Kuti tichite izi, njira ziwiri zimasankhidwa, iliyonse imayika mafupipafupi a njira iliyonse kuchokera pamaphukusi osiyanasiyana (ma multiplex awa amagwiritsa ntchito maulendo amodzi kuti awonetsere ma TV onse). Kuyesa chipangizo chopangidwa, ndikwanira kutsimikizira mtundu wa wailesi yakanema. Ubwino wazithunzi udzawonetsa kulondola kwa ntchitoyo. Zotsatira zake, chithunzi chapamwamba chidzakhala kapena kupezedwa,

Ngati zosokoneza zichitika, mutha kuyesa kuzungulira mlongoti, ndikuwona kusintha kwa chithunzithunzi. Podziwa malo abwino kwambiri a mlongoti wa TV, ayenera kukhazikika, koma nthawi zonse molunjika pa nsanja ya TV.

Mlongoti wa Kharchenko ndi chipangizo chosinthika komanso chothandiza chomwe chimapereka kulandira zizindikiro zofooka. Chipangizocho chikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa ndi dzanja ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m’malo mwa mlongoti wa fakitale ndi amplifier. Kupanga mlongoti kuli m’manja mwa munthu aliyense. Ndikokwanira kupeza zinthu, kuchita mawerengedwe olondola ndikutsatira ndendende zomwe mwalandira popanga chipangizocho.