Mlongoti wapanja komanso wamkati wamakanema a digito

DIY dzipangireni nokha mlongoti wa kanema wawayilesi wa digito: miyeso, chithunzi chosavuta, mlongoti wakunja ndi wamkati wa kanema wawayilesi wa digito, wopangidwa nokha. Posachedwapa, kanema wawayilesi adawonekera m’moyo wamunthu. Kwa zaka pafupifupi zana mu zenizeni zathu pakhala ngati TV. Kuyambira pomwe adapangidwa mpaka posachedwa, ma TV akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndiukadaulo wamakina a analogi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku mtundu wamakono wa chizindikiro chogwiritsidwa ntchito, digito, ndi kutumiza magetsi kwa wolandira. Magetsi awa amafanana ndi pafupipafupi komanso matalikidwe, omwe amasinthidwa kukhala chithunzi ndi mawu. [id id mawu = “attach_11685” align = “aligncenter” wide = “497”]
Mlongoti wosavuta wolandila kanema wawayilesi wa digito ndi manja anu [/ mawu] Chifukwa chachikulu chakusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi kupita ku wailesi ya digito ndizomwe zimatchedwa zida za TV za analogi. https://cxcvb.com/kak-podklyuchit/priem-cifrovogo-televideniya.html Mwachidule, panthawi imodzi, ma frequency omwe ma tchanelo ambiri amayamba kunena amasiya kukhala okwanira. Ku Russia, njira yosinthira kwathunthu ku televizioni ya digito inayamba mu 2006 ndipo inatha mu 2019. “Digital” imasiyana ndi kufalitsa kwa analogi osati kokha pakuwonjezeka kwa chithunzithunzi, komanso mu ndondomeko yomwe imamangidwa ndikugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake TV ya digito siyimangiriridwanso kudera limodzi la kanema wawayilesi komwe ma siginecha amadutsa pamawaya. Mlongoti umapezeka mu ndondomeko ya opaleshoni, yomwe imalandira chizindikiro ndikuyitumiza ku TV. M’nkhaniyi, tikuuzani momwe mungapangire mlongoti wa televizioni ya digito ndi manja anu. [id id mawu = “attach_11672” align = “aligncenter” wide = “983”]Dera la antenna pawayilesi yakanema ya digito [/ mawu]

Zomwe mukufunikira kuti mupange mlongoti wodzipangira nokha kuti mulandire TV ya digito

Mndandanda wa zipangizo zomwe zidzafunikire kupanga mlongoti zimadalira mtundu wa chipangizo chamtsogolo cholandira mafunde a wailesi. Mndandanda waukulu wazinthu uli ndi:

• chubu ndi awiri a 0.5 mm2;
• mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu waya / coaxial chingwe;
• zingwe za aluminiyamu, zitini, zolumikizira, etc.

Kuti mupange mlongoti ndi manja anu, zipangizo zilizonse zoyendetsa, mwachitsanzo, ndodo ndi ngodya, ndizoyenera.

Zida zopangira zikuphatikizapo: mkuwa, aluminium, chitsulo, chitsulo, mkuwa, mkuwa, tungsten, molybdenum.

Ponena za mtengo, kwa wolandila wodzipangira yekha, chingwe cha coaxial ndichoyenera kwambiri. [id id mawu = “attach_3206” align = “aligncenter” wide = “488”]
Momwe chingwe cha coaxial chimagwirira ntchito[/ mawu] Mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa chingwe chamkuwa, koma uli ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kondakitala wina wotchuka, zofala kwambiri mu uinjiniya wamagetsi. Muzovuta kwambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito waya wokhazikika wa antenna. Mlongoti umodzi ndiwopanda ntchito ndipo sizomveka popanda zina zomwe zimathandiza kusintha chizindikiro cha digito kukhala chithunzi. Kuphatikiza pazida zapamwamba za antenna, mudzafunika:

• pulagi yomwe imatumiza chizindikiro kuchokera ku mlongoti kupita ku wolandira;
• ngati TV ndi chitsanzo chakale – wolandira – wolandira;
• TV yokha.

[ id id mawu = “attach_11686” align = “aligncenter” wide = “752”]
Chitsanzo china chazopanga – tinyanga tolandila manambala, kutengera zitini za malata[/ mawu] Mutha kupatsa zidazo mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna ndikuzimanga popanda zida zapadera. , koma kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta komanso kusunga nthawi, ndi bwino kukonzekera pliers ndi odula waya, tepi yotetezera, ndi chitsulo chosungunuka.

Mitundu ya tinyanga tomwe timalandira chizindikiro cha digito chapamwamba kwambiri popanga nokha

Kusankha kwakukulu pamakina opanga ma antennas kuchokera kuzinthu zosinthidwa kumakupatsani mwayi wopitilira zomwe mungakwanitse komanso momwe zinthu zilili. Zimachitika kuti munthu sangathe kupeza mwakuthupi zinthu zofunika posachedwapa. Zida zokonzedwa bwino zimathandizira, zomwe pafupifupi aliyense ali nazo m’galaja. Mlongoti ndi kachipangizo, kachipangizo kojambula mafunde a wailesi yakanema. Zipangizo zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse zimatha kunyamula ma frequency osiyanasiyana kuyambira 41 mpaka 250 MHz. Ndizokayikitsa, koma zotheka, kuti mlongoti wodzipangira kunyumba uzitha kunyamula mafunde apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amachokera ku 470-960 MHz. Kujambula zida zopangidwira ma TV, akhoza kugawidwa m’magulu awiri – mkati (omwe ali pafupi ndi TV pafupi kwambiri) ndi kunja (kuikidwa kunja kwa nyumba yomwe TV ili). [id id mawu = “attach_11687” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1024”]
Tinyanga zolandirira wailesi yakanema ya digito, m’nyumba ndi panja, chithunzi, miyeso [/ mawu] Ndi manja anu mutha kupanga mitundu iyi ya tinyanga zowulutsira kanema wawayilesi:

• coaxial (ali ndi dzina lachiwiri “Kuchokera ku waya”);
• kuchokera ku zitini;
• chithunzi eyiti (aka “Zigzag”);
• log-periodic;
• funde.

Tinyanga zodzipangira tokha za digito TV – zithunzi, miyeso, malangizo ndi zithunzi. Ngakhale kuti kuwulutsa kwa digito kumawoneka kovuta kwambiri kuposa kuwulutsa kwa analogi, sikumayika zofunikira zapadera pamtundu wa chipangizo chomwe chimalandira kapena kutumiza mafunde a wailesi. Ngakhale kusagwirizana kulikonse ndi zolakwika mu kapangidwe kake sizimakhudza kwambiri kupotoza kwa chizindikiro cholandiridwa.

Komabe, munthu ayesetse kuyang’ana mawerengero a geometric a zinthu zonse momveka bwino momwe angathere, cholakwikacho sichiyenera kupitirira mamilimita angapo.

Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti:

1. Chiwerengero cha njira zolandirira chimachepa ndi kupindula kwa tinyanga.
2. Pochepetsa kuwongolera kwa chipangizocho, phindu limawonjezeka.

Kuchokera pamwambapa, zikutsatira kuti mlongoti udzatenga kusokoneza pang’ono ngati mndandanda wa mayendedwe olandiridwa ndi wochepa. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mapangidwe abwino sangapezeke chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa kudalira kwachindunji ndi mosagwirizana.

mlongoti chingwe m’nyumba

Mtundu uwu wa antenna ndi woyenera ngati mtunda wopita ku nsanja ya TV ndi yochepa, ndipo palibe zopinga zakuthupi monga nyumba zapamwamba ndi mapiri panjira yopitako. Chipangizo cha chingwe cha coaxial chili m’nyumba ndipo pakupanga kwake mudzafunika chingwecho kutalika kwa 2.5-3 mita, odula mawaya, cholembera kapena chida china cholembera, mita kutalika: tepi muyeso, wolamulira, pulagi yotumizira ma siginecha ku TV kapena wolandila. . Zimatenga mpaka mphindi 10 kuti mupange. Gawo loyambaPa chingwe, timabwereranso masentimita 5 kuchokera pamphepete imodzi ndikuchotsa wosanjikiza wakunja. Zinthu za dielectric, zomwe zingakhale mphira, mapepala, PVC, kapena polyethylene yolumikizana ndi mtanda, imafunika osati kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha anthu, komanso kuonjezera kukana kwa waya, kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwachilengedwe. Ndicho chifukwa chake kumasulidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zakunja kuyenera kukhala kolondola momwe zingathere. Dielectric yokha ndiyomwe imachotsedwa, zojambulazo ndi zomangira zamkati zimapatukira pang’onopang’ono kumbali kuti zisasokoneze kudula.
Gawo lachiwiriPakatikati pakatikati amatsukidwa ndi kutchinjiriza mkati. Kuti muyeretse bwino, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni. Timakanikiza waya ndi chala chachikulu ku mpeni ndikuchotsa dielectric ndi kusintha kwakuthwa. Sitikulimbikitsani kuchotsa chingwecho poyaka ndi chowunikira, chomwe chilipo m’moyo watsiku ndi tsiku: sizotetezeka komanso sizolondola. Khwerero Lachitatu Chimake chamkati choyeretsedwa, zojambulazo ndi zomangira zomwe zachotsedwa, zimapindidwa kukhala mtolo umodzi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti nsaluyo ikhale yolimba komanso yowundana momwe mungathere. Kupotoza kwa zinthu zonse kuyenera kuchitidwa mwanjira yakuti pamapeto pake pakhale 2.2 cm yaulere yamkati yopanda kanthu. Gawo lachinayiPa waya kuchokera kumapeto kwa kusungunula kumbali ya dielectric, 2 decimeters amayikidwa ndipo kutsekemera kwakunja kumachotsedwa, pamene chirichonse chomwe chiri pansi pa kutsekemera kwamkati, kuphatikizapo chokha, sichimakhudzidwa. [id id mawu = “attach_11693” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1200”] Dziyeseni nokha
miyeso ndi chithunzi cha mlongoti wopangidwa ndi chingwe cha kanema wawayilesi wa digito[/ mawu] Gawo lachisanu 2.2 dm limayezedwa kuchokera pamasentimita awiri ovula. ndi dielectric yakunja ya 1 cm imachotsedwa kutalika, musakhudze kuluka. Khwerero 6 Mangirirani mbali ya 5 cm mozungulira malo omangidwira aatali a 1 cm Ndikofunikira kumangitsa pokhotakhota kuti mupange mphete. Chomaliza ndikuyika pulagi ya RF pamapeto osagwiritsidwa ntchito. [id id mawu = “attach_11676” align = “aligncenter”
Mlongoti wosavuta wopangidwa kunyumba wapa TV ya digito kuchokera pawaya [/ mawu] Mlongoti wosavuta wopangidwa m’nyumba wa T2 wopangidwa ndi chingwe cha coaxial cha TV ya digito ndi manja anu: https://youtu.be/DP80f4ocREY

Kuchokera zitini

Ngati zitini za malata zikugona kunyumba kapena m’galaja, ndiye kuti mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanga mlongoti wakunyumba. Chida chodzipangira tokha kuchokera m’zitini chimatha kugwira ma tchanelo 7 pakatikati komanso patali. Mkhalidwe waukulu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosinthidwa ngati chitoliro ndikusowa kwa zilema, ziboda ndi zowonongeka zina, komanso tokhala.

Zitini za malata ziyenera kukhala zoyera, musanapitirize kupanga tinyanga, ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikuwumitsidwa bwino.

Popanga mudzafunika:

• soldering chitsulo;
• mabanki awiri;
• maziko amatabwa;
• chingwe wamba TV (cholembedwa RK-75);
• tepi yamagetsi ndi zomangira zokha (3-4 pcs.);

Gawo loyamba Chingwe cha mamita angapo kutalika chimachotsedwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa kutsekemera kwakunja ndi masentimita 10. Pakatikati pakatikati amatsukidwa, pulasitiki yamkati imachotsedwa. Chophimba chamkati choluka chimapindidwa kukhala cholimba mozungulira pakati. Gawo Lachiwiri Kumapeto kwa waya, muyenera kulumikiza pulagi yomwe idzalumikizane ndi TV ndikutumiza chizindikiro (cholembedwa “RF”). Gawo lachitatu Timachotsa “makutu” ang’onoang’ono m’zitini, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zimatsegula, timangiriza mbali za chingwe ndi zomangira tokha: pachimake chopotoka ndi kuluka. Timakonza ndi chitsulo cha soldering. Gawo lachinayiMabanki olumikizidwa kale (gawo 3) amayikidwa mosamalitsa pamzere umodzi ndikukhazikika pamtengo wamatabwa kapenanso chopachikapo chokhala ndi zida zilizonse (dielectric iliyonse), mwachitsanzo, tepi yamagetsi kapena tepi yomatira. Mlongoti woterewu ukhoza kuikidwa pamsewu kapena kunyumba (ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kutalika kwa chingwe, chithunzicho chidzakhala choipitsitsa), mukhoza kukulitsa chizindikirocho pogwiritsa ntchito amplifier kapena mizere yowonjezera ndi mabanki.

Eight, aka Kharchenko antenna kulandira digito TV ndi manja ake

Mapangidwewo adadziwika kwa anthu mu 1961. Zinalola anthu okhala kunja kwa chigawo cha chizindikiro cholimba kuti apititse patsogolo chithunzicho. Mapangidwewo amakhala ndi ma rhombuse awiri, ngodya pakati pa nkhope zake ndi 90 °. Kuti mupange chithunzi chachisanu ndi chitatu, muyenera:

• 1-1.5 mamita wa waya wamkuwa wokhala ndi mtanda wa 5 mm;
• waya coaxial 3-5 mamita kutalika;
• chitsulo chosungunuka, solder ndi rosin;
• TV pulagi;
• wolamulira ndi chikhomo;
• tepi yotetezera, maziko a mapangidwe opangidwa.

Khwerero 1 Timayesa ndi kudula masentimita 1152 kuchokera ku waya wamkuwa. Zida zamkuwa zokha zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kupanga izi, chifukwa aluminiyumu kapena ma conductor ena sangagulitsidwe mwamphamvu ndi mkuwa.

Khwerero 2 Malinga ndi zizindikiro zomwe zatsatira, pindani waya pakona ya 90°. Timagulitsa malekezero a waya okha. Pankhaniyi, kusiyana kuyenera kupezeka pakati pa ngodya zamkati: kugulitsidwa ndi kupindika. Gawo LachitatuWaya wa antenna amawululidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa 3-5 masentimita. Kuti muchite izi, kutsekemera kwakunja kumachotsedwa mosamala, mbali zamkati zimapindika ndipo chigawo chapakati chimatulutsidwa. Pakatikati pa waya amakulungidwa pa ngodya yosagulitsidwa, ndipo gawo la waya lomwe limayang’anira chinsalu limakulungidwa kuzungulira malo ogulitsidwa. Ndikofunikira kupangitsa kuti makhoma akhale olimba.
Khwerero 4 Mapangidwe a mawaya opanda kanthu amatsekedwa ndi tepi yamagetsi kapena ndi mfuti ya glue. Pulagi imangiriridwa kumapeto kwina kwa waya kuti itumize chizindikiro ku TV. Chipangizocho chakonzeka, mapeto opindika amamangiriridwa pamunsi. [id id mawu = “attach_11670” align = “aligncenter” wide = “957”] Dzichitireni nokha
mlongoti wodzipangira panja wa kanema wawayilesi 8-ka (eyiti)[/caption]

log-periodic antenna

Mbali zazikulu za kapangidwe kameneka ndi kakonzedwe ka ma vibrators a kutalika kosiyana – amayikidwa pamtundu womwewo. Miyeso yazinthu zonse zogwirira ntchito za mlongoti wa log-periodic sayenera kupitirira malo ochitirapo kanthu ndikugwira. Antenna ya log-periodic ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira kunyumba, chifukwa imaposa mitundu ina m’makhalidwe onse, koma ndizovuta kupanga. Kuti mudzipangire nokha, muyenera kukhala ndi machubu awiri achitsulo (opanda kanthu kapena ayi – zilibe kanthu, pakali pano ikuyenda pamwamba). Muyeneranso kukhala ndi mawaya amkuwa a utali wosiyana, omwe adzakhala mbali zolandirira. Pansipa pali tebulo lomwe lili ndi mawerengedwe okonzeka omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera magawo a wolandira chizindikiro chamtsogolo.

Timakonza ma vibrator molingana ndi zomwe zaperekedwa patebulo. Ndikofunikira kuti m’mimba mwake ukhale wofanana pa vibrator iliyonse. Chingwe cha feeder chimadutsa pabowo la ndodo imodzi kapena mothandizidwa ndi zomangira, zomwe zimachitika monga zikuwonekera pachithunzichi.
Pambuyo pake, ma vibrators amakonzedwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka. Dzichitireni nokha mlongoti wamphamvu wa UHF wa log-periodic: https://youtu.be/txZJkjPkOoY

Wave

Sikoyenera kulandira zizindikiro zautali wautali komanso kupindula pang’ono, koma mapangidwe akewo akhala otchuka kuyambira kupangidwa ndi kufalitsa mafunde a wailesi m’moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo akadali otchuka. Chojambulacho chimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo: waya wamkuwa (kapena chubu), wotsogolera, wowonetsera ndi vibrator. Kuphatikiza apo, maziko amapangidwa pomwe mlongoti womalizidwa udzalumikizidwa (pulasitiki kapena matabwa – zilibe kanthu, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ndi dielectric). Ndikofunika kuyika ziwalozo pamtunda wofanana kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Zigawozo zimagwirizanitsidwa malinga ndi chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa. [id id mawu = “attach_11669” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1600”]
Wave channel[/caption]

Momwe mungasinthire mawonekedwe azizindikiro pazinyalala zodzipangira tokha

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe chizindikiro cha TV chili chofooka. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe azithunzi nthawi zambiri amatayika kapena phokoso limatayika chifukwa chakuti mlongoti umalandira chizindikiro chokha. Zifukwa zina zitha kukhala:

• kukhudzika kochepa;
• mkulu kukana chingwe;
• mtunda wautali kuchokera ku nsanja ya TV;

Kuti muwongolere mawonekedwe azizindikiro pazinyalala zodzipangira tokha, muyenera kuyesa izi:

1. Ngati ili m’nyumba, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyiyika pafupi ndi zenera momwe mungathere. Chifukwa chake panjira padzakhala zopinga zochepa chifukwa cha gawo lomwe chizindikirocho chatayika.
2. Ngati ili pamsewu, muyenera kuyiyika pamalo apamwamba – padenga. Onetsetsani kuti chizindikirocho sichikutsekedwa ndi mapiri kapena nkhalango.
3. Sinthani mayendedwe. Kusokoneza ndi kufalikira kwa chithunzicho nthawi zambiri kumatha ngati mutatembenuza chipangizo cholandirira m’njira yoyenera, ngakhale madigiri makumi angapo akugwira nawo ntchito.
4. Gulani chokulitsa mlongoti.

Momwe mungawerengere magawo a digito TV

Kwa antenna kuchokera ku chingwe, muyenera kuwerengera kutalika kwake. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zanthawi zonse za physics. Choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ma frequency amtundu wanji amawulutsa , pambuyo pake timapeza mtengo wapakati. Mwachitsanzo, pa ma frequency a 605 ndi 613 MHz, tanthauzo la masamu limawonetsedwa kukhala 609 MHz. Chotsatira ndikuzindikira kutalika kwa mafunde kudzera mu fomula la liwiro la kuwala logawidwa ndi tanthauzo la masamu. Kuwerengera: 300/609 \u003d 0.492 m. Kuchokera pa nambala yomwe timawerengera 1/4, yomwe idzakhala kutalika kwa chingwe kuti tipange mlongoti. Kuti muwongolere ntchito yowerengera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma calculator a pa intaneti omwe amawerengera molondola kukula kofunikira kwa theka-wave, kotala-wave ndi antennas athunthu. Zowerengera zapaintaneti mu Google kapena Yandex:

• dipole ndi pini calculator;
• chowerengera chawailesi amateur.

Mlongoti wabwino kwambiri wodzipangira nokha wopanda chitsulo cholumikizira chapa TV ya digito ya T2: https://youtu.be/h7pcp-nvYqQ Kupanga mlongoti ndi manja anu sikovuta, ndikovuta kugulitsa ndikuyika zonse. kotero kuti imagwira ntchito popanda kusokonezedwa ndi kutayika kwa chithunzi. Masiku ano sikoyenera kupita ku sitolo ndikugula zipangizo zodula, pali zochitika pamene sizingatheke kupita ku sitolo. Mutha kupanga mlongoti kuchokera kuzinthu zosinthidwa. Tikukulangizani kuti musankhe mapangidwe a waya wa coaxial, kapena “Eight”. Monga ziwonetsero zowonetsera, ndizosavuta kupanga, ndipo mawonekedwe awo amakulolani kuwonera TV kulikonse.