Ndi chingwe chotani cha satelayiti chomwe mungasankhe komanso momwe mungachiwonere musanagule

Satellite TV imatha kufika kumakona obisika kwambiri padziko lapansi, komwe kulibe opereka wamba komanso nsanja zowulutsira. Machitidwe ophatikizika omwe alipo amayikidwa nthawi iliyonse. Satellite mbale idzapereka chithunzi chokongola komanso chomveka bwino. Kulandila kotsimikizika kumadalira zoikamo ndi zida zaukadaulo. Chingwe cha “mbale” chimatha kuwongolera ndi kusunga zizindikiro zabwino, ndikuchepetsa kuthekera ngati chisankho cholakwika chapangidwa.

Chipangizo cha satellite mbale chingwe

Kodi cholinga cha chingwe cha kanema wawayilesi chopangira satellite dish ndi chiyani?

• bweretsani chizindikiro kuchokera ku mlongoti kupita ku TV ndi kutaya kochepa;
• kuteteza ku kusokonezedwa kwa ma elekitiroma akunja;
• sungani magwiridwe antchito pansi pa katundu wamakina, munyengo yovuta.

Chingwe cha coaxial chimalimbana ndi ntchitozo. Yoyenera kuwulutsa (kulandila kudzera pa TV tower kapena mlongoti wamkati) komanso satana. Choncho, palibe kusiyana kwa mapangidwe. Zida zosiyana zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. [id id mawu = “attach_3206” align = “aligncenter” wide = “582”]
Momwe chingwe coaxial chimagwirira ntchito[/ mawu]

1. Conductive core (waya wapakati). Yopangidwa yonse kapena yopanda kanthu. Zinthu zake ndi zamkuwa, aluminiyamu, zitsulo ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi siliva.
2. Insulation (yamkati). Dielectric.
3. Chophimba (chojambula cha aluminiyamu). Imateteza ku kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma akunja.
4. Mkuwa wamkuwa. Zowonjezera zotetezera.
5. Chipolopolo chakunja. Chitetezo ku zotsatira zamakina ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.

Makhalidwe akuluakulu a chingwe cha coaxial cha satellite dish

Monga kondakitala wa chizindikiro chamagetsi, mankhwalawa amapatsidwa luso komanso mawonekedwe akuthupi.

Waya wapakati

Malamulo a uinjiniya wamagetsi amati kusintha kwapano kumafalikira pamwamba pa kondakitala. Kuthekera kocheperako kuli pafupi ndi pakati. Chifukwa chake, kuchulukira kwa conductive pachimake, kumachepetsa kuchepa komwe kumakhudza kuchuluka kwake. Waya wapakati wa waya wapa TV: 0.5-1 mm. Kwa “mbale” muyenera osachepera 1 mm. [id id mawu = “attach_3219” align = “aligncenter” wide = “800”]
Pakatikati[/ mawu]

Wave impedance

Chigawo choyezera ndi Ohms (Ohm). Kwa ma TV ndi satellite antennas, mtengo wa 75 ohms umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ichi ndiye cholumikizira cholumikizira chomwe chingwecho chimalumikizidwa. Kusagwirizana kwa manambala kudzachititsa kuchepa kwa zomwe zilipo panopa. Popanda kutsutsa kofanana kwa waya, ndizotheka kugwirizanitsa ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana pamtunda waufupi. Mwachitsanzo, m’nyumba yaumwini.

Mfundo ya ntchito ya coax

Zimatengera mawonekedwe a electromagnetic wave mkati mwa chingwe. Ma diameter a pachimake chapakati ndi chinsalu amasankhidwa m’njira yoti kutayika kwa chizindikiro kumachepetsedwa. Kuluka sikulola kuti munda upitirire kupitirira waya, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a waveguide.

Zomwe muyenera kuyang’ana posankha chingwe cholumikizira mbale ya satana ku TV

Satellite dish ndi chipangizo chakunja. Mbali ya chingwe cha chingwe imayikidwa pamalo otseguka. Zofunikira pakusankha coax.

Zakunja zipolopolo zakuthupi

Maziko a polyethylene akulimbikitsidwa, omwe sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zovuta: nyengo yoipa, kusintha kwa kutentha. Ndondomeko ya bajeti ya PVC (polyvinyl chloride) sichidzakupulumutsani ku maonekedwe a ming’alu yozizira, yomwe imawononga kutsekemera. Pambuyo pake, chinyezi chimalowa mkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kafupi. Kuwonongeka kwa zida kudzachitika. Opanga amapereka coaxes ndi impregnation wapadera kwa zinthu zovuta.

Internal insulation structure

Kuwulutsa kwa satellite kumakhala ndi gawo lofalitsa – mzere wolunjika pakati pa gwero la radiation ndi mlongoti umafunika. Nthambi yogwedezeka ya mtengo, malo oyandikana nawo, ndi chipale chofewa chomwe chimagwa zingayambitse mavuto ambiri. Ndikofunika kusunga mlingo womwe ulipo wolandira chizindikiro ndikubweretsa kwa wolandira. Kuphatikiza pa chizindikiro cha kanema wawayilesi, malamulo owongolera osinthira amaperekedwa pa chingwe. Muyenera kusankha chinthu chokhala ndi chophimba chamkati chapawiri: cholumikizira (ma mesh) ndi chojambula cha aluminiyamu.

Kukhoza kupindika kwa chingwe

Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kuyala mzere wowongoka. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kudziwa momwe waya akuyankhira pakupuma. [id id mawu = “attach_3207” align = “aligncenter” wide = “619”]
Kuyang’ana chingwe kuti chiduke[/ mawu] Kona yakuthwa ya sheath yakunja ikuwonetsa kusakhazikika kwa makina. Zigawo zamkati zimamangiriridwa momasuka ndi kutsekemera. Kuphwanyidwa kozungulira kumasonyeza mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake, kuyandikira kwa zinthu za waya kwa wina ndi mzake. Makulidwe a coax amtundu wa satellite mbale: 6mm.

Kukonzekera chingwe kuyika

Akatswiri odziwa zambiri amanena kuti magetsi ndi sayansi ya kukhudzana. Kuphwanya kukhulupirika kwa mgwirizano kumathetsa ntchito yoyika mzere.

Momwe mungakonzekerere chingwe cholumikizira

Ngati mtunda kuchokera kwa wolandila kupita ku mbale ya satana ndi 10-15 metres, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kugula chitsanzo chokonzekera ndi zolumikizira. Ngati ndi kotheka, zolumikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kulumikizana kwa F kwa fomu ili pansipa kumayikidwa kumapeto kwa waya. [id id mawu = “attach_3208” align = “aligncenter” wide = “350”]
F pini[/ mawu] Cholumikizira chalembedwa (chitsanzo): Pulagi
F (nati) pa RG-6 (zinki) (F113-55). Chizindikiro chachikulu: RG-6. Izi zikutanthauza kuti idapangidwira chingwe cha RF chokhala ndi mainchesi 6 mm pamwamba pa kutsekereza kwakunja. Momwe mungakonzere bwino cholumikizira cha F pa coax chikuwonetsedwa muvidiyoyi: https://youtu.be/4geyGxfQAKg Cable stripping for a satellite dish:

Zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukayika chingwe cha chingwe

Musanagule waya, muyenera kufotokozera kutalika kwa njirayo, magawo ovuta.

Zofunika! Kuyika kuyenera kuchitika “kwanthawizonse”, osasinthanso ndikusiya “kutsogolo”.

Alangizidwa:

3. Pewani kupindika chakuthwa.
4. Mukatuluka pakhoma kupita kumsewu, pangani chipika cholozera pansi. Chinyezi pa mvula adzagwa, osati kukhetsa mu dzenje pamodzi chipolopolo.
5. Mukayika pawindo lazenera lamatabwa, kubowola dzenje lalikulu m’mimba mwake (ndi 1 mm) kuposa makulidwe a chingwe.
6. Osaboola chimango chapulasitiki. Ndi mapangidwe a hermetic, mawonekedwewo amatha kudzazidwa ndi mpweya ngati zenera lowala kawiri. Gwiritsani ntchito kusiyana pakati pa zenera ndi khoma lodzaza ndi thovu lokwera. Nthawi zambiri mawu oterowo amapezeka pansi pawindo.
7. M’nyumba, bisani mawaya mu bokosi la pulasitiki kapena matabwa a skirting okhala ndi chingwe.
8. Osagona pamodzi ndi mawaya amagetsi, pafupi ndi zida zamphamvu ndi zida. Izi zitha kukhala gwero la zosokoneza.
9. Malo otulukamo kupita ku malo otseguka ayenera kusindikizidwa. Mizere yolunjika panja siyenera kugwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka momasuka kukakhala mphepo.
10. Pewani malumikizidwe angapo kudzera pa zolumikizira ngati kuli kotheka.

Momwe mungayang’anire kukhulupirika kwa chingwe cha coaxial choyikidwa

Zimachitika kuti chithunzithunzi chatsika, pali ma ripples pazenera,
mikwingwirima yamitundu, kapena kuwonongeka kwa chithunzicho kukhala mabwalo ang’onoang’ono. Kusokoneza kwa mawu.

Kupeza malo owonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zilipo

Kuthekera kwa kutanthauzira zolakwika kumawonjezeka pogwiritsa ntchito magwero angapo azizindikiro. Zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chithunzi kapena kutayika kwa chizindikiro zikukambidwa mwaukadaulo muvidiyoyi: https://youtu.be/gYy2R_1W9Zs Momwe mungayang’anire chingwe cha satellite mbale: https://youtu.be/pmQ9oOzqoYo Pambuyo pokhazikitsa malo owonongeka, cheke chingwe ikuchitika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonyamula

Mudzafunika choyesa kunyumba (multimeter) chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wowonera (momveka) kudziwa kukhulupirika kwapakati komanso kusakhalapo kwa dera lalifupi ndi chophimba.
Njira yowunikira magawo angapo motsatizana pamsewu waukulu:

1. Lumikizani (chotsani) waya kuchokera pamalo olumikizirana pafupi ndi chipindacho.
2. Chotsani zolumikizira, kumasula zowonetsera ndi ma cores apakati.
3. Konzani chipangizo choyezera kukana (molingana ndi malangizo).
4. Yang’anani mzere wopita ku mlongoti. Gwirizanitsani ma probe pakatikati pakatikati ndi chitsulo choluka. Zofunika. Makondakitala asakhudze. Ngati pachimake chili bwino, chipangizocho chidzawonetsa mtengo wina osati chimodzi, koma osati zero. Ikatsekedwa, zowerengera zimatha kukhala ziro (kapena kuwonetsa 0), ndipo chizindikiro chakumayi chidzawoneka (ngati kapangidwe ka chipangizocho kamapereka). Multimeter sidzayankha kupuma, kusiya mtengo 1 wosasinthika.
5. Mofananamo, yang’anani waya kumbali ya chipinda. Chingwe kwa wolandila chiyenera kulumikizidwa.

Chitsanzo cha kuyimba chikuperekedwa pavidiyoyi: https://youtu.be/k0fS-doHtDY

Mitundu yotchuka ya coaxial cable ya satellite dish

Pakati pa assortment pali mitundu yonse ya bajeti komanso yokwera mtengo. Ndi chingwe chiti chomwe chili chabwino kwa “mbale”? Chidule cha mapangidwe otchuka, komanso ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo.

Mtengo wa RK-75

Chingwe chamba chamba.
Mtanda wa waya wapakati umasiyana pakati pa 0.75-1.63 lalikulu mita. mm, polyethylene thovu chipolopolo chakunja. Ubwino:

• kukwanitsa;
• zikhalidwe ntchito: -/+ 60 gr. KUCHOKERA.

Zolakwika:

• zosankha zokhala ndi chophimba chimodzi choluka ndizotheka.

RG-6U

Production China. Analogue ya RK-75. Mkuwa chapakati kondakitala (1 mm) kapena mkuwa-yokutidwa zitsulo pachimake.
Ubwino:

• kutetezedwa kawiri;
• kwa ma frequency osiyanasiyana mpaka 3 GHz (makanema owulutsa satana).

Zolakwika:

• Kutsekera kwakunja kwa PVC ndikoyenera kungoyika mkati mwa njanji.

SAT-50

Mtundu waku Italy wa coax. Kuwonjezeka kwa conductive katundu kwa okwera kutali. Chowonekera pawiri, 1 mm wandiweyani wamkuwa pakati.
Ubwino:

• chingwe chapakati chamtengo wapatali chokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino;
• mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyenera zigawo zambiri za Russia.

Zolakwika:

• chipolopolo chofewa (chimathamanga pamtunda waukulu pakati pa malo osungira).

SAT-703

Analogue yabwino ya SAT-50. Pakati pachimake awiri: 1.13 mm. Kutayika kwachepetsedwa panthawi yofalitsa chizindikiro pamtunda wautali.
Ubwino:

• kukana nyengo zovuta;
• kuyala kutalika kuchokera 50 metres.

Zolakwika:

• m’mimba mwake osachepera 35-40 mm.

Chithunzi cha DG-113

Akatswiri amayiyika ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yowulutsira ma satellite. Zomwe zimateteza pazenera zili pafupi ndi 90 dB, zomwe zimathetseratu kusokoneza kwamagetsi akunja.
Ubwino:

• kukhazikika, kudalirika
• chitetezo ku zinthu aukali;
• kuchepetsa pang’ono chizindikiro.

Zolakwika:

• mtengo.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi

Pakati pabwino ndi iti: mkuwa kapena chitsulo? Copper ili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yamagetsi. Kondakitala wapakati akhoza kukhala aloyi zina. Izi sizimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito, chifukwa kupaka mkuwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mawaya okhala ndi zotsekera kunja zakuda ndi zoyera? Mpaka posachedwa, ankakhulupirira kuti chingwe chopepuka chimapangidwira mawaya amkati, akuda – akunja. Zolemba zamakono sizigwirizana ndi gradation yotere. Ndibwino kuti muyang’ane pogula.
Wogulitsa ananena kuti chingwe ndi “otsika pafupipafupi”, izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ma conductive a pachimake adzachepetsa mayendedwe apamwamba a satana.
Kodi ndizotheka kulumikiza chingwe cha 50 ohm ngati palibe waya wa 75 ohm?Pamtunda waung’ono (mpaka mamita 10) pakati pa mbale ya satellite ndi wolandira amaloledwa. Ubwino wa chizindikirocho umadalira zinthu zambiri. Kusankha koyenera kwa chingwe kumathandizira kupititsa patsogolo ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera za amplifiers pakuyika mzere.