Yiyiphi i-eriyali efunekayo kwi-TV yedijithali kweli lizwe – ngaphandle nangaphakathi

Luluphi uhlobo lwe-antenna olufunekayo kwiTV yedijithali kwindlu yelizwe, isitalato kunye nangaphakathi.

Ngokufutshane malunga neTV yedijithali yezindlu zasehlotyeni – yintoni okufuneka uyazi?

Ukuphila ubomi obutofotofo kweli lizwe, umntu udinga ulwazi oluthe rhoqo. Indima ebalulekileyo ekudalweni kwayo idlalwe kukufumaneka komabonwakude okumgangatho ophezulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inokubonelelwa ukuba uyayazi indlela yokuyenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukufumana isignali yeTV, kuya kufuneka ufakele i-eriyali yedijithali. Ukhetho lwakhe lusekelwe ekufumanekeni kwamathuba afanelekileyo kwindawo – ubukho bomntu ophindayo kunye nohlobo oluthile lwesignali. Ezi meko zilandelayo ziqhele ukwenzeka:

1. Umabonwakude osemhlabeni unokusasazwa kwimitha okanye kuluhlu lwedesimitha. Ii-antenna ezilungiselelwe ukuzifumana zihlala zisetyenziswa kwii-cottages zasehlotyeni. Inzuzo yabo ziindleko zabo eziphantsi, kwaye intswelo yabo kubuchule babo obulinganiselweyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi zabo. Ngokukodwa, kuphela inani elincinci leziteshi zeTV ezidla ngokufumaneka. Olu khetho lunokuba lufanelekile kwabo banqabile ukutyelela indlu yelizwe kwaye abafuni ukuthenga izixhobo ezibiza kakhulu.
2. Isiginali yedijithali ikumgangatho ophezulu. Kwindawo engaphantsi kwedolophu, ubuncinane amajelo angama-20 kamabonwakude alolu hlobo adla ngokufumaneka. Ukufumana isignali yedijithali, olu hlobo lwe-relay tower kufuneka lufumaneke. Ukuqinisekisa ukwamkelwa kweTV ekumgangatho ophezulu, awuzukudinga kuphela i-eriyali yohlobo olufanelekileyo, kodwa kunye ne-DVB-T2 tuner. Kwiimodeli ezintsha zeTV, ulwamkelo lunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ibhokisi yokubeka phezulu.
3. Ukusebenzisa isitya sesathelayithi , unokufumana inani elikhulu lamajelo. Kule meko, akukho mfuneko ye-relay tower. Umqondiso uya kuhanjiswa ukusuka kwisathelayithi ukuya kwi-eriyali ejoliswe kuyo ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kumgangatho wayo, izakhiwo ezinobubanzi obuyi-60 ukuya kwi-90 cm zisetyenzisiweyo.Inketho yokugqibela isetyenziswe kwiimeko apho umqondiso ubuthathaka. Esi sixhobo sikumgangatho ophezulu kodwa sixabisa kakhulu. Enye yeengxaki ezibalulekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwayo kweli lizwe.

Olona khetho lufikelelekayo olubonelela ngomgangatho olungileyo wokwamkela kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kukusebenzisa i-eriyali ukufumana umabonakude wedijithali.

Yiyiphi i-antenna efunekayo kwi-TV yedijithali kwindlu yelizwe

Ukukhetha i-eriyali yendawo yokuhlala yasehlotyeni kufuna ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iiparamitha ezahlukeneyo. Umthengi kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

1. Umgangatho wokwamkelwa komqondiso kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokufumana amandla. Imele umlinganiselo wamandla esixhobo sokudlulisa nokwamkela. Eli xabiso lilinganiswa nge-dBi. Ngomgama ukuya kwinqaba yokubuyisela engadluli i-50 km, ixabiso le-13 dBi lithathwa njengelivumelekileyo. Kumgama omkhulu, ukunyuka kwamandla kufuneka kube phezulu.
2. Ubukho be-amplifier buya kuphucula umgangatho wokwamkela.
3. Uphawu olubalulekileyo luluhlu olufunyenweyo. Kubalulekile ukuba iquka amajelo afunwa ngumsebenzisi.

Xa uthenga, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kumgangatho we- coaxial cable esetyenzisiweyo . Ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kuwuphi umfanekiso kunye nesandi i-antenna enokubonelela ngayo.

Ii-eriyali zangaphakathi zokunika umabonakude wedijithali

Zifanelekile kwiimeko apho i-repeader isondele kwaye idala umqondiso oqinileyo wethelevishini. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba umgangatho wokwamkela uya kuchaphazeleka ngobunzima beendonga, ubukho kunye nendawo yeefestile, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo. I-eriyali yangaphakathi luyilo oludityanisiweyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokuxhotyiswa nge-amplifier yomqondiso. Iinzuzo zabo nazo zixabiso eliphantsi, ukukhululeka kwezothutho kunye nokufakwa okulula. Njengobugwenxa, umgangatho wokwamkela ucatshangelwa, ozithethelela kuphela phambi komqondiso onamandla. Ukuze usebenze, kufuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo ukuze ufumane owona mgangatho uphezulu wophawu olukhoyo.

I-eriyali yangaphandle yomabonakude wedijithali

Ezi zixhobo zinamandla amaninzi kwaye zibonelela ngomgangatho ophezulu wesignali efunyenweyo. Ii-antenna ezinjalo zikhokelela, okwandisa kakhulu uluhlu lwazo. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-antenna zangaphandle kunenzuzo ngakumbi, nangona ixabiso eliphezulu, ekubeni likuvumela ukuba ufumane umgangatho omhle wesignali yokufumana nakwi-repeater ekude. Ukuphucula isignali efunyenweyo, ungasebenzisa i-amplifier. Ukunyuka komsebenzi osebenzayo kunokufikelela kwi-50%.

Indlela yokukhetha i-eriyali

Xa ukhetha i-eriyali, umthengi kufuneka agqibe ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka isixhobo esikhethiweyo sibe nazo. Kule nto, oku kulandelayo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo:

1. Kufuneka wenze isigqibo apho kufuneka i-eriyali ibekwe khona . Ukukhethwa kwe-antenna eyakhelwe ngaphakathi okanye yangaphakathi iyazithethelela phambi komqondiso oqinileyo wethelevishini. Ukuba le meko ayifezekanga, kufuneka uthenge i-eriyali yangaphandle.
2. Kufuneka ukhethe uluhlu olufanelekileyo . Inketho enenzuzo ngakumbi kukusebenzisa i-decimeter. Ukuba isignali yedijithali ibanjwe kakubi, kufuneka ucinge ngokuthenga i-amplifier yesiginali efunyenweyo.

3. Kufuneka wenze isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi i-eriyali efunekayo, esebenzayo okanye esenziwayo . Kwimeko yokuqala, kufuneka ibe ne-amplifier yesignali eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Kuyafaneleka xa umqondiso ovela kuphindaphinda awunamandla ngokwaneleyo. Kwi-eriyali yokwenziwa, ungasebenzisa i-amplifier eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Kwimeko yokugqibela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe i-amplifier efanelekileyo ngakumbi. Ngexesha lokuduma kwendudumo, oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokudinwa kwe-amplifier, ephezulu kakhulu kwisixhobo esisebenzayo. Kwiyunithi ye-passive yangaphandle, i-amplifier ifumaneka kwigumbi, eyandisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza.
4. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo umgama ukuya kwinqaba ekufutshane ye-relay . Ukuba ikufuphi, ungasebenzisa i-eriyali eyakhelwe ngaphakathi okanye yangaphakathi. Ngaphandle koko, kungcono ukhethe ngaphandle.
5. Ixabiso lesixhobo kufuneka lihambelane nezakhono zomthengi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthenga i-eriyali, kufuneka ukhethe esona sixhobo siphezulu.
6. Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela umgangatho womfanekiso ophumela kunye nesandi , kunye nokukhetha imodeli enokuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nobomi benkonzo. Kule meko, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba i-antenna yangaphandle, nangona ibonelela ngokufumana umqondiso olungileyo, nangona kunjalo ixhomekeke kumswakama, umoya, umonakalo womatshini kunye nezinye izinto.

7. Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ubukho beebakaki zokunyuka kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwizinto zokwenziwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe njengentsimbi okanye i-aluminium. Kwimeko yokuqala, i-antenna iya kuba yomelele ngakumbi, okwesibini ayiyi kuchaphazeleka ngumhlwa.
8. Ezi zixhobo zinokusebenzisa iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye noyilo . Ngaphambi kofakelo, umsebenzisi kufuneka acinge ukuba ukufakela kuya kuba lula kangakanani, kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ukuhambelana kwesixhobo kunye noyilo olukhoyo.
9. Xa uthenga, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba kukho inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokumelana nomthwalo womoya e. Ibonakaliswa ngamaxabiso amabini – isantya esiphezulu esivumelekileyo somoya apho ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka, kunye nesantya apho iyunithi iya kutshatyalaliswa. Amaxabiso angama-20 kunye nama-40 afanelekile, umzekelo, kwi-dacha kwindawo ezolileyo kwindawo ephantsi. Xa usendulini, kufuneka usebenzise i-25-30 kunye ne-50.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kokukhetha i-antenna, kunengqiqo ukubonisana nabamelwane abasele benayo i-antenna. Baya kuba nako ukwabelana ngamava abo okusebenzisa isixhobo.

I-antenna yeTV yedijithali kwindlu yelizwe ngaphandle – yintoni omele uyikhethe, i-eriyali esebenzayo kunye ne-passive yokunikeza: https://youtu.be/eX9gUHRO5ps

Yiyiphi i-antenna yokukhetha umabonwakude wedijithali kwindawo yokuhlala ehlobo – iimodeli ezilungileyo ze-2022

Xa ukhetha i-antenna yedijithali kwindawo yokuhlala ehlobo, unokugxila kwiimodeli eziye zangqina umgangatho wazo ekusebenzeni. Oku kulandelayo kuchaza eyona idumileyo kubo.

I-Locus Meridian-07 AF TURBO L025.07DT

Le eriyali yenziwe ngealuminiyam. Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye incinci ngobukhulu. Uyilo lubonelela ngophawu lweTV olusemgangathweni kwaye lubonelela ngomfanekiso olungileyo kunye nesandi. Ikhithi ibandakanya i-amplifier eya kubonelela ngokwamkelwa nangona kumgama omkhulu ukusuka kwi-relay tower. Njengezinto ezingalunganga, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukungabikho kwezibiyeli zofakelo, kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla okusebenza kwe-amplifier. Le yokugqibela iya kufuneka ithengwe ngokwahlukileyo.

Harper ADVB-2440

Le antenna ifakwe ngaphandle, eqinisekisa ukwamkelwa kakuhle kweenkqubo zikamabonwakude. Uyilo lune-amplifier eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. I-eriyali ikuvumela ukuba ufumane i-analog kunye netshaneli zedijithali ezinomfanekiso ophezulu kunye nesandi. Uyilo luncinci, lukhaphukhaphu kwaye lunoyilo oluhle kunye nolwasekuqaleni. Ukunyuswa kwe-antenna kubandakanyiwe. Ayinakubamba iTV kuphela, kodwa kunye nomqondiso werediyo.

Ramo Inter 2.0

Le eriyali yimodeli yedesktop kwaye yenzelwe ukuba ibekwe kwigumbi. Esi sixhobo sihlangeneyo sinomsebenzi obanzi. I-amplifier eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi efakiwe ikuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise inzuzo. Isixhobo senzelwe ukufumana idijithali, i-analog kunye nemiqondiso yerediyo. Isebenza ngombane. Ikiti ibandakanya iintambo zokudibanisa ezisemgangathweni. Njengento engalunganga, ubukho becala leplastiki elikumgangatho onganelanga liyaphawulwa.

Indlela yokwenza i-antenna ye-dacha kumabonakude wedijithali ngokwakho

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-eriyali zikamabonakude wedijithali onokuzenza ngokwakho. Eyona modeli ilula mhlawumbi yintambo yentambo. Ukwenziwa kwayo, kuya kufuneka ubeke isitokhwe kwintambo ye-coaxial, izixhobo zokusebenza kunye nayo kunye neplagi esebenza ukudibanisa.
Ukwenza, kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

1. Sika i-1.5-2 m ye-coaxial cable.
2. Ukususela kwelinye icala, kuyimfuneko ukukhupha i-insulation, ngoko kufuneka ujike iingcingo zibe yinqwaba enye.
3. Kumgama we-20 cm ukusuka kumda, kufuneka ususe i-insulation kunye ne-braid ye-5 cm.
4. Emva kwesinye i-20 cm, kufuneka ususe igobolondo langaphandle kwi-5 cm.
5. Intambo kufuneka ifakwe kwindandatho, idibanise isiphelo sekhebula kwindawo ehlanjululweyo.
6. Iplagi kufuneka iqhagamshelwe kwenye iringi yentambo.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-diameter efanelekileyo yeringi. Kufuneka ilingane nobude bophawu olufunyenweyo. Igqitywe ngefomula ekhethekileyo esekelwe kubuninzi bokuguqulela. L = 300 / F Ezi zibizo zilandelayo zisetyenziswa apha:

1. L yi-diameter yeringi eyenziwe yintambo.
2. F lusasazo lwamaza osasazo.

Bala i-diameter phambi kokuba uqalise umsebenzi uze wenze iringi ehambelana ngqo nobude bobude. I-antenna yasekhaya yeTV yedijithali kweli lizwe: https://youtu.be/TzPEDjIGi00

Indlela yokuphucula ukwamkela

Ngamanye amaxesha inqanaba lesignali eliphantsi lenzeka xa usebenzisa iintlobo ezidlulileyo zekhebula lokudibanisa. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthenge enye engcono. Kwezinye iimeko, oku kunokulungisa umba wonikezelo. Xa usebenzisa i-amplifier yangaphandle, ubude bocingo lokudibanisa ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kufuneka incitshiswe kangangoko.
Ukuba i-relay tower ikude, ukusetyenziswa kwe-amplifier yesignali kunokunceda. Oku kunenzuzo kwiimeko apho kukho intambo ende yokudibanisa apho i-attenuation eyenzekayo. Ukuba i-amplifier isetyenziswe ixesha elide, inokunciphisa ukusebenza. Oku, umzekelo, kunokuba ngenxa yomgangatho ophantsi wobonelelo lwamandla. Ukuba i-antenna ifakwe ngolu hlobo, ngoko iya kuhamba phantsi kweempembelelo zomoya okanye imozulu embi. Kwimeko enjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwayo okuthembekileyo.