I-TV ayivuli, kwaye isalathisi sivuliwe okanye siyadanyaza – izizathu kunye nezisombululo

I-TV ayivuli, kwaye isalathisi sivuliwe okanye sikhanyisa – izizathu kunye nesisombululo sengxaki, kuxhomekeke kumbala we-diode – izibane ezibomvu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eziluhlaza zikhanya, ngoko kufuneka ndenze ntoni? Iithelevishini zixhotyiswe ngephaneli yokufumana umqondiso ovela kwi-remote control kunye nezibonakaliso zokusebenza ezikhanyayo ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ngokungagqibekanga, umsebenzisi ubona ukukhanya okubomvu kuza xa kufakwe kwinethiwekhi; xa iqhosha lamandla kulawulo olukude licinezelwe, litshintsha ukukhanya kube luhlaza okanye luhlaza, okanye kudanyaze kwaye kucime. Ukuba, emva kwenkqubo yokuqalisa umgangatho, umfanekiso awubonakali, kwaye i-diode ivuliwe, ngoko oku kubonisa ubukho beengxaki ezithile.

Yintoni ebonisa ukungabikho komfanekiso kwiTV xa isalathisi sivuliwe

Iimpawu zeTV zinoxanduva lokwazisa umnini malunga nobume beTV kwaye zibonise ubukho bamandla kwinethiwekhi. Indlela elula yokusombulula ingxaki yokungabikho komfanekiso xa kungekho zibane zikhanyisayo – oku kuthetha ukuba isixhobo asifumani amandla. Ukuba akukho mbane, jonga ubukho bombane endlwini, nokuba iplagi iplagiwe kwindawo yokuphuma. Ukuba imbangela yokungasebenzi kakuhle ayifumanekanga, ke iingxaki zikhangelwa kwiTV ngokwayo – intambo okanye umbane. Izizathu zokungabikho komfanekiso xa isalathisi samandla sivuliwe zezi:

• ulawulo LWERIMOTHI;
• isibonisi se-infrared sokufumana isivamvo;
• ICPU;
• inkqubo yokukhusela isantya;
• imodyuli yehardware.

Ulawulo olukude olwaphukileyo sesona sizathu sixhaphakileyo sokuba abanini beTV boyike. Xa, xa ucofa iqhosha, umabonwakude oqhele ukuthobela uyeka ukuphendula, kufuneka uqale ujonge ukusebenza kwawo kumaqhosha.

IiTV zanamhlanje zihlala zinomqolo omncinci wamaqhosha olawulo lwezandla – ukuba zivula iTV kwimowudi eqhelekileyo, ngoko kufuneka ubuyisele iibhetri kwindawo ekude okanye ujonge i-microcircuit yayo ye-oxidation okanye ungcoliseko.

Isalathisi esibomvu esihlala sivutha kwiTV engavuli sithini?

Uninzi lweempawu zeTV ezidumileyo zisebenzisa imibala ebomvu, eluhlaza kunye nebhlowu ukubonisa ukusebenza kwayo. Kwaye ezinye iimodeli zinenye kuphela, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukumisela ingxaki. Umbala oqhelekileyo wokubonisa umbala obomvu, ngenxa yesi sizathu kuqwalaselwa kwindawo yokuqala. Kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo zeTV, isalathisi esibomvu sazisa umnini malunga neemeko ezinje:

• malunga nokuvula inethiwekhi – rhoqo ukuba isixhobo sifumana umbane;
• ikwazisa malunga nokutshintsha amajelo okanye iindlela ngokuqhwanyaza xa ucofa iqhosha lokulawula kude;
• yazisa ngeempazamo ngokuqhwanyaza rhoqo;
• idanyaza xa icinyiwe.

Kucacile kuluhlu oludwelisiweyo – ukuba ukukhanya kuhlala kubomvu, oku kuthetha ukuba isixhobo sikwimo evaliweyo, kodwa siqhagamshelwe kumbane. Ukuba, xa uvulwa ngesilawuli kude, umfanekiso awubonakali, kwaye isalathisi sihlala sikhanya ngobomvu, oku kubonisa oku kulandelayo:

• iphaneli yokulawula ayisebenzi – iibhetri zifile okanye umqondiso awudluli kwinzwa;
• ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hardware – i-capacitors yonikezelo lwamandla yonakele, i-microcircuit yatshiswa, kukho ingxaki kwiprosesa, i-matrix iphosakele;
• imo yokhuseleko ngokuchasene nokungaphumeleli kwenethiwekhi inikwe amandla , – kwimeko yokunyuka kwamandla kwiTV, ukukhuselwa kuvuliwe okuvimba ukusebenza kwayo;
• intambo iqhagamshelene ngokungalunganga , ukuba isixhobo sisitsha kwaye sinikezelwe kutshanje, okanye umnini uqhawule iingcingo;
• iimpazamo zesoftware yesixhobo ;
• izicwangciso zitshintshiwe
• isibali-xesha sivuliwe .

Umnini wesixhobo unokuzama ukulungisa ingxaki ngokwakhe ukuba ayihambelani ne-hardware okanye isofthiwe. Kubalulekile ukujonga isilawuli kude sokufaneleka, ukuqonda umzobo wocingo, okanye uqalise kwakhona isixhobo ngokujonga ukuba useto lulungile.

Isalathisi sikhanyisa kumbala ongaqhelekanga

Abavelisi baxhobisa izikhombisi ze-TV nganye ngendlela yazo. Kodwa ukuba umnini, xa evula isixhobo kwipaneli, wabona umbala ongaqhelekanga wesalathiso ongaphumi, ngoko oku kubonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle. IiTV azinawo umsebenzi wokuzixilonga wehardware, kodwa ziyakwazi ukubonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle okunje:

• umbane onganelanga okanye ogqithisileyo webhodi ephambili;
• iingxaki ngobonelelo lwamandla;
• ukusilela kwe-firmware;
• i-motherboard ivala umqondiso othunyelwe kwi-matrix

Kwiimeko ezininzi, isalathisi esihlala sikhanyiswa ngombala ongaqhelekanga sibonisa iingxaki ezinzulu ze-hardware. Ukuba unezakhono zokulungisa izixhobo zolu hlobo, ukulungiswa kunokwenziwa ngokuzimeleyo, kodwa xa kungabikho akukhuthazwa ukuba ukhulule ityala ukuze ukhangele ukungasebenzi.

Oomabonakude banamhlanje babhityile, banezixhobo ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo nezinovakalelo kunye nezivamvo, ekulula ukuzonakalisa ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba ziphi na.

Zithetha ntoni izibane ezidanyazayo kumabonakude ocinyiweyo?

Ukuqhwanyaza kwezikhombisi, kunye nokuvutha rhoqo, kunokubangelwa yinto ekhethekileyo yokusebenza kwindlela ethile okanye ubukho bokungasebenzi kakuhle kwiTV. Ukuze uqonde ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kanye kanye, kuyimfuneko ukugqiba ukuba kwenzekani ngexesha lokuqhwanyaza, ukuba isixhobo sidityaniswe njani kwaye sisebenze njani ngaphambili. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuqhwanyaza kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• ukuzixilonga;
• ukungaphumeleli kwe-hardware okanye inxalenye ye-pogrom;
• Ukuqhagamshela izixhobo ezongezelelweyo okanye ukusebenzisa iTV njengesikrini.

Kwimeko nganye, ukudanyaza okukhethekileyo kuyimpawu.

Isalathisi sidanyaza ngokulandelelana okuhlukeneyo kumbala ofanayo

Ukuba imodeli yeTV ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokuzixilonga, ngoko xa kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-hardware, ukuqhwanyaza kwesalathisi kubonisa ikhowudi yephutha. Imodeli nganye ineempazamo zayo, ukutyunjwa kwabo kwimiyalelo yeTV.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ikhowudi yephutha inokumiselwa kuphela ukuba isixhobo sinenkqubo yokuzixilonga kwaye isalathisi esiqhwanyazayo asikho isiphithiphithi.

Iimpawu zenkqubo yoxilongo zezi:

• ukunqongophala kwempendulo ngokucofa amaqhosha olawulo olukude;
• ubukho besalathisi sokuqhwanyaza kwe-algorithm;
• umbala wesignali yesalathisi awutshintshi.

Ikhowudi yempazamo ikunceda ukuba uchonge ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo kwisixhobo sakho esileleyo.

Isalathisi sikhanya ngemibala eyahlukeneyo

I-algorithm yokuvula nayiphi na i-TV iqulethe ukulandelelana okuthile – amandla avuliwe, i-backlight iqala ukusebenza, emva koko ezinye iinkqubo. Ukuba inkqubo ihamba kakuhle, ngoko isalathisi sikhanyisa ngokuqhelekileyo. Kodwa xa kuvela imeko ukuba ekuqaleni ikhanyisa, umzekelo, obomvu, emva koko eluhlaza okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njalo njalo ngamaxesha amaninzi, oku kwiimeko ezininzi kubonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Ukuqhwanyaza ngemibala eyahlukeneyo kunokubangelwa koku kulandelayo:

• akukho ntlupheko eyaneleyo;
• isibane esingasemva asiqalisi;
• izibane ezinesiphene;
• ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-matrix;
• isiginali esuka kumqhubekekisi ayifikeleli kumacandelo enkqubo.

Esinye isizathu sinokuba yimpazamo kwimemori yeTV. Ukuba ukusilela kubonwe ngaphambi kokubonakala kokudanyaza ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, ke ukubonakala kwayo okwesibini kunokubangelwa yimpazamo ephilayo. Ukuqalisa kwakhona inkqubo kuya kunceda ukulungisa imeko. Kwezinye iimodeli, inkqubo iyacima emva kokudanyaza ngemibala eyahlukileyo. Le nxalenye yenkqubo yokukhusela iTV – xa kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kakuhle, iprosesa ikhala ngamaxesha amaninzi, xa kwenzeka ukuqaliswa okungaphumelelanga, iTV iyacima.

Ukuqhwanyaza kwesiphithiphithi kwesalathisi kumbala omnye

Ayizizo zonke iiTV ezinenkqubo yokuxilonga egqibeleleyo. Kwicandelo lezoqoqosho, babonelelwa ngezona nkqubo zilula zomsebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kungenxa yezixhobo ezinjalo ukuba, kwimeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle, isalathisi sikhanya ngokungaqhelekanga; kulo mzekelo, akunakwenzeka ukugqiba apho ingxaki yenzeka khona. Kwimeko yokudanyaza okungahleliwe, kuyenzeka ukulungisa imeko ngokuphinda uqalise, okanye ngokuxilonga zonke iinkqubo. Qala ukujonga ngamandla, emva koko udlulele kwamanye amacandelo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuxilongwa kuqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ukulinganisa igalelo kunye neziphumo zombane, ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngokungabikho kwezixhobo kunye nolwazi, akufanele uzame ukujonga inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuqhwanyaza okukodwa kumbala omnye

Ukuqhwanyaza okukodwa kwaye akukho mfanekiso kuthetha ukuba iTV ibiqhagamshelwe kwikhompyuter njengemonitha, okanye kukho uqhagamshelo kwesinye isixhobo. Kule meko, akukho mpendulo ekucinezeleni izitshixo zolawulo olude. Ukubuyela ekubukeleni iTV, kufuneka uphume kwimo yesikrini.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuqhwanyaza kwezikhombisi zeTV zeempawu ezidumileyo, ezingavuli ngaxeshanye

Abavelisi bazama ukwenza izixhobo zabo zibe lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka kumthengi. Sihlala siphucula iinkqubo zokuxilonga, sinceda ukuchonga ingxaki naxa kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

Samsung

Kwiivenkile namhlanje unokufumana iimodeli ezininzi zeTV zolu phawu, zidityaniswe yinkqubo yokubonisa eqhelekileyo. Izixhobo zihlala zinesalathisi esibomvu esikhanyisayo ukuba isixhobo sivaliwe kwaye siphendula kwizenzo zomsebenzisi. Kulo phawu, xa kukho iimpazamo, iimpawu ezilandelayo ziyimpawu:

• i-diode ikhanyisa ngexesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo, xa kufuneka icinywe – i-TV ibonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwebhodi ephambili, iingxaki zokulawula;
• isalathisi ngexesha lokusebenza – oku ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuba iifuse zivuthe kwaye isixhobo sishiywe ngaphandle kokukhuselwa ngokunyuka kwamandla ombane;
• ukuqhwanyaza okunesiphithiphithi kunye nokuqalisa ngokutsha rhoqo kubonisa ukusilela kwe-firmware;
• isalathisi sivuliwe, kodwa iTV ayivuli – kwiimeko ezininzi, ingxaki ikwi-remote control;
• ukuqhwanyaza okufutshane okunesingqi kubonisa ukusilela ekusebenzeni kwe-capacitors kunikezelo lwamandla, inkqubo ayinawo amandla aneleyo okubonisa umfanekiso.

Unokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo iingxaki ezinxulumene nezixhobo zeTV zangaphandle – ulawulo olukude okanye unikezelo lwamandla, olunokutshintshwa ngokulula. Ukuba kukho iimpazamo ekusebenzeni kweenkqubo zangaphakathi, kungcono ukuthumela iTV ukuze ilungiswe okanye kwiziko lenkonzo ukuba ixesha lewaranti aliphelelwanga.

I-Samsung UE40D5000 ayivuli, isalathisi sikhanya rhoqo: https://youtu.be/HSAWhfsEIZU

LG

I-LG yaziwa ngendlela eqinileyo yokonga amandla. KwiiTV zolu phawu, iinkqubo zokulala ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela ukunyuka zifakwe. Ngesi sizathu, ngamanye amaxesha emva kokuthenga, abasebenzisi banokubhideka xa bebona isikrini esimnyama sesixhobo sabo esingaphenduliyo ngokucofa amaqhosha kulawulo olude. Ukuba isalathisi sivaliwe, isikrini sihlala simnyama, i-remote ayisebenzi, ingxaki inokufihlwa kwimodi yokulala yokusebenza. Ukuyikhupha, kufuneka ucofe iqhosha elithi “Kulungile” kwindawo ekude.

Ingqalelo! Kwiimodeli zanamhlanje ze-brand ye-LG, umenzi uye wacwangcisa inkqubo ukuze ihambe kwimodi yokulala xa utshintshela ukubukela ividiyo okanye i-set-top box kwisethingi xa kungekho zixhobo ezixhunyiwe.

Ixabiso lezibonakaliso zokuqhwanyaza lirekhodwa kwimiyalelo yeTV, apho zonke izinto ezingasebenzi kakuhle zihlalutywa. Kodwa kukho nenani leempawu zeediode ezikhanyayo. Iimpawu ezimfutshane ezikhawulezayo zinokubonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-eriyali eqhagamshelweyo, okanye intambo yomboneleli. Kwakhona, ezi zibonakaliso zibonisa iingxaki ezinxulumene nokuhla kwamandla ombane kwinethiwekhi ekhaya. I-LG TV ayivuli, i-diode ibomvu: https://youtu.be/AJMmIjwTRPw

Supra

I-TV ye-brand Supra ixhotyiswe ngephaneli enezalathi zemibala emininzi. Xa kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle, baqala ukuqhwanyaza ngokunye, badideke umniniyo. Ukuqhwanyaza okunemibala emininzi kunokubangelwa koku kungasebenzi kakuhle kulandelayo:

• ukungaphumeleli kwe-firmware yomenzi;
• kwakukho isiphaluka esifutshane seengcingo kumzimba wesixhobo;
• akukho nxibelelwano phakathi kwe-LVDS loop kunye ne-matrix.

Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo yomenzi sisiphene sephaneli ngokwayo apho izikhombisi zikhoyo. Emva kokulungiswa, isalathisi sibuyela kwisiqhelo. Ngokwabo, umsebenzisi unokuzama ukulungisa imeko ngokucinezela ixesha elide iqhosha elithi Thulisa kwi-remote control, ngaphandle kokukhulula, cofa ukucima kunye neqhosha kanye.

Ingqalelo: Ukuqhwanyaza okunemibala emininzi kwi-Supra TV ivula emva kokungena kwimo yovavanyo lwe-matrix, kufuneka uyiphume emva kokuba igqityiwe.

Iimpawu zezalathi kwi-SMART TV

I-Smart TV yitekhnoloji entsha, ivumela abanini beTV ukuba bafikelele kumabonwakude we-Intanethi, ividiyo kunye nomxholo ovakalayo, iinethiwekhi zentlalo kunye namaqonga ahlukeneyo. Kodwa abasebenzisi bahlala beneengxaki ngokungabikho komfanekiso kunye noluhlu lwesandi ngexesha lokusebenza okungaphazamisekiyo kwezikhombisi. Ukuba izikhombisi ziphendula kwizenzo zomsebenzisi, kwaye isikrini sihlala simnyama okanye sikhenkceke kumfanekiso omnye, ke izizathu zezi zilandelayo:

• Umncedisi womnikezeli apho i-TV idityanisiwe ilayishwe kakhulu, kulo mzekelo kuyafaneleka ukucima isixhobo kwaye ulinde ixesha elithile, emva koko uyivule kwakhona, okanye ulinde de iseva iqalise kwakhona.
• Intambo ye-Intanethi ayiqhagamshelwanga – kufuneka ujonge amagalelo kunye nokuthembeka.
• Uxhulumaniso olude kumncedisi luyimeko eqhelekileyo, ixesha lokuqhagamshelwa lingafikelela kwimizuzu emithathu.
• Umqondiso obuthathaka xa inethiwekhi ixakekile.
• Ukunqongophala kwenkumbulo kumabonakude.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba “uhlakaniphile” kangakanani iteknoloji yeTV yanamhlanje, ukusebenza kwabo kusekude kwikhompyutheni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba umsebenzisi ukhuphela iinkqubo ezininzi, akayicimi i-cache, ngoko imemori ikhawuleza ivalwe kwaye inkqubo iyancipha. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, izikhombisi zisebenza njengesiqhelo, kuba azihambelani nememori, kwaye umfanekiso ofunekayo awubonakali.

Iimpawu zeCRT TV

Oomabonakude abenziwe kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yekinescope ephelelwe lixesha basekho kwaye ngamanani amakhulu ngokufanelekileyo. Bahlala benezikhombisi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, zihlala zidityaniswa kunye ne-infrared sensors zolwamkelo lophawu olukude. Isalathisi sikamabonakude sazisa umnini ngoku kulandelayo:

• ukucofa iqhosha kwi-remote control – ukukhanya kukhanya kube kanye;
• ukhanyisa rhoqo kwi-off state, kodwa xa ufikelela kumbane, okanye xa usebenzisa njengemonitha;
• ayiphenduli ngokucofa amaqhosha olawulo olukude ukuba i-TV ibitshintshelwe kwenye indlela ngaphambili okanye iqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo sangaphandle.

Enye ingxaki ingaba yi-oxidation yabafowunelwa abaya kwisibane sesalathisi.

Yintoni enokuyenza ukuba isalathisi siyaqhwanyaza okanye sihlala

Nokuba yeyiphi itekhnoloji, uphawu kunye nemodeli yeTV, i-algorithm yokusombulula ingxaki ihlala ifana kwaye ilandelayo:

• khangela ukusebenza kwendawo yolawulo;
• qala kwakhona iTV
• khangela uxhulumaniso oluchanekileyo lweentambo;
• jonga iindlela;
• funda iikhowudi zeemposiso.

Ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuseta ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kwesixhobo ngokwakho, kufuneka ubize i-wizard okanye uyithathe ukulungisa. Izalathisi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni ukusebenza kweTV, ziyakwazi ukubonisa unobangela wokungasebenzi kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukuba umnini anikele ingqalelo kwiimpawu zabo ngexesha kwaye athathe amanyathelo okufumanisa ingxaki.