Yeyiphi intambo yesathelayithi onokuyikhetha kunye nendlela yokuyijonga phambi kokuthenga

I-TV yeSatellite inokufikelela kwiikona ezifihlakeleyo zomhlaba, apho kungekho baboneleli abaqhelekileyo kunye neenqaba zokusasaza. Iinkqubo ezikhoyo ze-compact zifakwe kuyo nayiphi na indawo. Isitya sesathelayithi siya kunika umfanekiso onemibala kunye nocacileyo. Ukwamkelwa okuqinisekileyo kuxhomekeke kwisethingi kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa. Ikhebula le “dish” liyakwazi kokubili ukuphucula nokugcina izikhombisi zekhwalithi, kunye nokunciphisa amandla ukuba kukho ukhetho olungalunganga.

Isixhobo sentambo yesathelayithi yesitya

Yintoni injongo yentambo kamabonwakude yesitya sesatellite:

• ukuzisa umqondiso kwi-antenna kwi-TV kunye nokulahlekelwa okuncinci;
• khusela ngokuchasene nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle;
• gcina ukusebenza phantsi kwemithwalo yomatshini, kwiimeko ezinzima zemozulu.

Intambo ye-coaxial ihlangabezana nemisebenzi. Ifanelekile ukusasaza (ulwamkelo nge-TV tower okanye i-eriyali yangaphakathi) kunye nesathelayithi. Ngoko ke, akukho mahluko kuyilo. Kuphela kusetyenziswa izinto ezahlukeneyo.

1. Undoqo wokuqhuba (ucingo oluphakathi). Yenziwe ngokupheleleyo okanye igobile. Izinto eziphathekayo zinobhedu, i-aluminium, insimbi kunye ne-alloys yesilivere.
2. I-Insulation (yangaphakathi). Idielectric.
3. Isikrini (i-aluminium foil). Ikhusela kuphazamiso lwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle.
4. Ubhedu olulukiweyo. Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela.
5. Iqokobhe langaphandle. Ukukhuselwa kwimpembelelo yomatshini kunye nezinto zendalo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zentambo ye-coaxial yesitya sesatellite

Njengomqhubi wesignali yombane, imveliso inikwe iimpawu zobugcisa kunye nezomzimba.

Idayamitha yocingo esembindini

Imithetho yobunjineli bombane ichaza ukuba umsinga otshintshanayo usasaza kakhulu kumphezulu womqhubi. Elona khono lincinci likufutshane neziko. Ke ngoko, ukutyeba kwe-core conductive, i-attenuation encinci echaphazela uluhlu. Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo bocingo oluphakathi kwi-antenna kamabonwakude: 0.5-1 mm. Kwi “plate” udinga ubuncinane i-1 mm.

Impedance yamaza

Iyunithi yomlinganiselo yi-Ohms (Ohm). Kumabonwakude kunye nee-antenna zesathelayithi, ixabiso le-75 ohms lisetyenziswa. Le yi-impedance yegalelo lekhonkco apho intambo ixhunyiwe. Ukungahambelani kwamanani kuya kubangela ukuhla kwamandla akhoyo ngoku. Ukungabikho kokuchasana kwecingo okulinganayo, kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo kumgama omfutshane. Umzekelo, kwindlu yangasese.

Umgaqo wokusebenza kwe-coax

Isekwe kwinkangeleko ye-electromagnetic wave ngaphakathi kwentambo. I-diameters ye-central core kunye neskrini ikhethwe ngendlela yokuba ilahleko zesignali zincitshiswe. I-braid ayivumeli intsimi ukuba ihambe ngaphaya kocingo, idala imbonakalo ye-waveguide.

Yintoni omawuyijonge xa ​​ukhetha intambo yokudibanisa isitya sesathelayithi kwiTV

Isitya sesathelayithi sisixhobo sangaphandle. Inxalenye yomgca wentambo ibekwe kwindawo evulekileyo. Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokukhethwa kwe-coax.

Imathiriyeli yeqokobhe langaphandle

Isiseko se-polyethylene sinconywa, esincinci kwizinto ezinzima: imozulu embi, utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa. Inguqulo yebhajethi ye-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride) ayiyi kukusindisa ekubonakaleni kokuqhekeka kubanda, okutshabalalisa i-insulation. Emva koko, ukufuma kungena ngaphakathi, kubangela isiphaluka esifutshane. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo kuya kwenzeka. Abavelisi banikezela ngee-coaxes kunye nokumiliselwa okukhethekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ubume be-insulation yangaphakathi

Usasazo lwesathelayithi lunomsebenzi wokusasaza-umgca othe ngqo wokubonwa phakathi komthombo wemitha kunye ne-eriyali iyafuneka. Isebe lomthi elishukumayo, isakhiwo esikufutshane, kunye nekhephu elishinyeneyo eliwayo kunokubangela ingxaki enkulu. Kubalulekile ukugcina umgangatho okhoyo wokufumana umqondiso kwaye uzise kumamkeli. Ukongeza kwisignali kamabonwakude, imiyalelo yokulawula isiguquli ihanjiswa ngentambo. Kufuneka ukhethe imveliso enesikrini sangaphakathi esiphindwe kabini: i-braid (i-mesh) kunye noluhlu lwe-aluminium foil.

Isakhono sokugoba intambo

Kunqabile ukuba kwenzeke ukubeka umgca othe tye. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba unqume impendulo yocingo kwikhefu. Ikona ebukhali yesingxobo sangaphandle ibonisa uzinzo oluphantsi lomatshini. Amacandelo angaphakathi afakwe ngokukhululekileyo kwi-insulation. Ukuqhekeka okujikelezayo kubonisa amandla esakhiwo, ukusondelana kwezinto zocingo komnye nomnye. Ubukhulu be-coax obuqhelekileyo besitya sesathelayithi: 6mm.

Ukulungiselela intambo yokufakela

Iingcali ezinamava zithi umbane yinzululwazi yoqhagamshelwano. Ukwaphulwa kwengqibelelo yoqhagamshelo kuphelisa umsebenzi wokubeka umgca.

Indlela yokuxhobisa intambo yoqhagamshelwano

Ukuba umgama ukusuka kummkeli ukuya kwisitya sesathelayithi ukuya kwi-10-15 yeemitha, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuthenga isampuli esenziwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezixhumi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, izihlanganisi zisetyenziswa. Umfowunelwa ongu-F kule fomu ilandelayo ubekwe ekupheleni kocingo. Isidibanisi siphawulwe (umzekelo): Iplagi
F (nut) kwi-RG-6 (zinc) (F113-55). Isalathisi esiphambili: RG-6. Oku kuthetha ukuba yenzelwe intambo ye-RF enobubanzi obuyi-6 mm ngaphezu kwesigqubuthelo sangaphandle. Indlela yokulungisa kakuhle i-F-connector kwi-coax iboniswe kwividiyo: https://youtu.be/4geyGxfQAKg Ukuhluthwa kwekhebula kwisitya sesatellite:

Yintoni ekufuneka uyibeke ingqalelo xa ufaka umgca wentambo

Ngaphambi kokuthenga ucingo, kufuneka ucacise ubude bendlela, amacandelo anzima.

Kubalulekile! Ufakelo kufuneka lwenziwe “ngonaphakade”, ngaphandle kolunye uhlengahlengiso kwaye ushiye “kamva”.

eCetyisiweyo:

3. Gwema ukugoba okubukhali.
4. Xa uphuma eludongeni ukuya kwisitalato, yenza i-loop ekhomba ezantsi. Ubumanzi ngexesha lemvula buya kuthontsiza, kwaye bungaphumi emngxunyeni ecaleni kweqokobhe.
5. Xa ufaka ngefreyimu yefestile yokhuni, galela umngxuma omkhulu ububanzi (ngo-1 mm) kunobunzima bekhebula.
6. Musa ukugqobhoza isakhelo seplastiki. Ngoyilo lwe-hermetic, isakhiwo sinokuzaliswa ngegesi njengefestile ephindwe kabini. Sebenzisa isithuba phakathi kwefestile kunye nodonga oluzaliswe ngamagwebu anyukayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isigqibo esinjalo sifumaneka ezantsi kwefestile.
7. Ngaphakathi, fihla i-wiring kwibhokisi yeplastiki okanye kwiibhodi ze-skirting ezineziteshi zentambo.
8. Sukulala kunye neengcingo zombane, kufutshane nezixhobo ezinamandla kunye nezixhobo. Oku kunokuba ngumthombo wokuphazamiseka.
9. Iindawo zokuphuma kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kufuneka zivaliwe. Imigca kwimigangatho engaphandle ethe nkqo akufuneki igxumeke okanye ishukume ngokukhululekileyo kwiimeko ezinomoya.
10. Kuphephe unxibelelwano oluninzi ngokusebenzisa izihlanganisi xa kunokwenzeka.

Indlela yokujonga ingqibelelo yentambo ye-coaxial ebekiwe

Kwenzeka ukuba umgangatho womfanekiso uye wehla, kukho i-ripples kwisikrini,
imivimbo enemibala, okanye ukuchithwa komfanekiso kwiikwere ezincinci. Ukugqwetheka kwesandi.

Ukufumana indawo yomonakalo usebenzisa izixhobo ezikhoyo

Amathuba okwenziwa kwempazamo ayanda ngokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yomqondiso emininzi. Izizathu ezinokwenzeka zokuhla komgangatho womfanekiso okanye ukulahleka komqondiso kuxoxwe ngobuchwephesha kwividiyo: https://youtu.be/gYy2R_1W9Zs Ujongwa njani intambo yesitya sesathelayithi: https://youtu.be/pmQ9oOzqoYo Emva kokumisela indawo eyonakeleyo, umzimba ukutshekishwa kwentambo kuyenziwa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphathwayo

Uya kufuna umvavanyi wasekhaya (i-multimeter) ekuvumela ukuba ujonge ngokubonakalayo (i-acoustically) unqume ingqibelelo yondoqo ophakathi kunye nokungabikho kwesekethe emfutshane enesikrini.
Inkqubo yokukhangela amacandelo amaninzi alandelelanayo kuhola wendlela:

1. Khipha uqhagamshelwano (khulula) ucingo olusuka kwindawo ekufutshane negumbi.
2. Ukuqhawula izixhumi, ukukhulula izikrini kunye neentsimbi eziphakathi.
3. Lungiselela isixhobo sokulinganisa ukuxhathisa (ngokwemiyalelo).
4. Jonga umgca oya kwi-eriyali. Namathisela i-probes kwi-core central kunye ne-braid yensimbi. Kubalulekile. Ii-conductor kufuneka zingachukumisi. Ukuba undoqo ukwimeko entle, isixhobo siya kubonisa ixabiso ngaphandle kweyodwa, kodwa hayi zero. Xa ivaliwe, ufundo luya kuthambekela kwi-zero (okanye ubonise i-0), kwaye isibonakaliso se-acoustic siya kuvela (ukuba uyilo lwesixhobo lubonelela). I-multimeter ayiyi kuphendula kwikhefu, ishiya ixabiso le-1 lingatshintshi.
5. Ngokufanayo, khangela ucingo kwicala legumbi. Intambo ukuya kumamkeli kufuneka iqhagamshelwe.

Umzekelo womnxeba uyacetyiswa kwividiyo: https://youtu.be/k0fS-doHtDY

Iimpawu ezidumileyo zentambo ye-coaxial yesitya sesatellite

Phakathi kwee-assortment kukho zombini ibhajethi kunye neempawu ezibizayo. Yeyiphi intambo efanelekileyo kwi “dish”? Isishwankathelo soyilo oludumileyo, kunye neenzuzo zabo kunye nokungalunganga.

I-RK-75

Intambo eqhelekileyo yasekhaya.
Icandelo lesiphambano socingo oluphakathi luhluka phakathi kwe-0.75-1.63 yeemitha square. mm, i-polyethylene igwebu iqokobhe langaphandle. Izinto eziluncedo:

• ukufikeleleka;
• iimeko zokusetyenziswa: -/+ 60 gr. UKUSUKA.

Iziphene:

• iinketho ezinescreen esilukiweyo somgangatho omnye zinokwenzeka.

RG-6U

Imveliso yaseTshayina. I-analogue ye-RK-75. I-copper central conductor (1 mm) okanye i-copper-plated steel core.
Izinto eziluncedo:

• ukukhuselwa kabini;
• kuluhlu lwamaza ukuya kwi-3 GHz (amajelo osasazo lwesathelayithi).

Iziphene:

• Ukufakwa kwe-PVC yangaphandle ifanelekile kuphela ekubekweni kwangaphakathi kwendlela.

SAT-50

Uphawu lwaseNtaliyane lwe-coax. Ukonyuka kweempawu zokuqhuba zokunyuselwa kude. Isikrini esiphindwe kabini, umbindi wobhedu oyi-1 mm.
Izinto eziluncedo:

• ikhebula lecandelo lexabiso eliphakathi elineempawu eziphuculweyo;
• imigaqo yokusetyenziswa ifanelekile kwimimandla emininzi yaseRashiya.

Iziphene:

• iqokobhe elithambileyo (i-sags kwimigama emikhulu phakathi kweendawo zokuncamathela).

SAT-703

I-analogue ephuculweyo yeSAT-50. Idayamitha engundoqo ephakathi: 1.13 mm. Ukunciphisa ilahleko ngexesha lokusasazwa komqondiso kwimigama emide.
Izinto eziluncedo:

• ukumelana neemeko zemozulu ezinzima;
• ukubeka ubude ukusuka kwi-50 yeemitha.

Iziphene:

• ubuncinci bedayamitha yokugoba yi-35-40 mm.

DG-113

Iingcali ziyiphawula njengeyona nto ilungileyo kuluhlu losasazo lwesathelayithi. Iimpawu ezikhuselayo zesikrini zisondele kwi-90 dB, ephelisa ngokupheleleyo impembelelo yokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle.
Izinto eziluncedo:

• ukuqina, ukuthembeka
• ukuzikhusela kwiimeko ezinobundlobongela;
• ukuthomalalisa umqondiso omncinci.

Iziphene:

• ixabiso.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo

Ngowuphi undoqo ongcono: ubhedu okanye intsimbi? Ubhedu luneyona conductivity igqwesileyo yombane. I-conductor yeziko inokuba yenye i-alloys. Oku akuphazamisi ukusebenza, kuba ukutshiza ubhedu kusetyenziselwa phezulu.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kweengcingo ezine-insulation emnyama namhlophe yangaphandle? Kuze kube kutshanje, kwakukholelwa ukuba ikhebula elikhanyayo lenzelwe i-wiring yangaphakathi, emnyama – kwiindawo zangaphandle. Iimpawu zale mihla azihambelani nomgangatho onjalo. Kunconywa ukujonga xa uthenga.
Umthengisi uthe ikhebula “liphantsi rhoqo”, kuthetha ukuthini oku? Iipropathi zokuqhuba zondoqo ziya kuthomalalisa amajelo aphezulu e-satellite channels.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa intambo ye-50 ohm ukuba akukho cingo lwe-75 ohm?Kwimigama emincinci (ukuya kwiimitha ezili-10) phakathi kwesitya sesathelayithi kunye nomamkeli uvumelekile. Umgangatho wesignali uxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwekhebula lunegalelo ekusebenzeni okuphuculweyo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa okongeziweyo kwe-amplifiers xa ufaka umgca.