I-antenna yeParabolic – iziseko zesicelo, indibano kunye nokufakwa

I-eriyali ye-parabolic kwimithombo yenzululwazi inokubhekiswa kuyo njenge-eriyali ebonisa i-parabolic okanye i-eriyali ebonisayo. Esi sisixhobo sobuchwepheshe esenzelwe ukuqokelela amandla. Ukukhwela kuyo, iliza lenqwelomoya liguqulwa libe lingqukuva kwaye ligxininiswe kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo. Inkqubo ebuyela umva inokwenzeka, xa amaza angqukuva eguqulwa abe ngamaza endiza. Oku kufuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neefom zesixhobo, ezixhomekeke kwinjongo ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nobungakanani bokusetyenziswa.

Izicelo eziqhelekileyo

Kwintetho ye-colloquial, iikhonsepthi zesathelayithi kunye nee-antenna ze-parabolic zichongiwe, kodwa ziingcali kuphela eziyaziyo ukuba yintoni kwaye kutheni isixhobo esinjalo sidingeka, kwinkalo yobugcisa obuncinci. Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezenzelwe ukufumana umqondiso ovela kwenye yesathelayithi ezininzi ezijikeleza uMhlaba. I-eriyali ye-parabolic lolunye uhlobo lwesixhobo esifumanayo esinokwahluka kwaso okwahlukileyo.

Imbali yemvelaphi kunye nophuhliso

G. Hertz wasebenzisa iparabolic reflectors kumsebenzi wakhe wokulinga. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ngaphambi kokugqibela, wayila i-eriyali enendawo yokuvula engaphezulu kwemitha, esebenza kumaza achazwe ngokungqongqo. Ngesixhobo esamkelwayo kunye nokuhambisa esifumaneka kwisazinzulu, wangqina ubukho bamaza ombane owaxelwa kwangaphambili nguMaxwell. Emva koko ixesha lokuphucula kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwaqala:

1. Kwinkulungwane yokuqala yesithathu yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, uG. Marconi, umyili waseItali, wakwazi ukudlulisela umqondiso kwiphenyane elalidada elwandle, kumgama omde ukusuka elunxwemeni.
2. Kunyaka kamva, isixhobo esikwafana naso sasetyenziswa ukuseka unxibelelwano lwerediyo kulo lonke ulwandle.
3. G. Grote wakha i-PA yokuqala enkulu kwaye ngoncedo lwayo wayebandakanyeka kwisifundo seenkwenkwezi. I-diameter ye-reflector ayizange idlule nakwiimitha ezilishumi.
4. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, umsebenzi ojoliswe kuyo waqala ekuphuculeni i-radars, eyanika amandla anamandla ekuphuhliseni nasekuphuculeni izixhobo, okukhokelela ekuveleni kohlobo olutsha lwe-antenna exhotywe ngemizobo yecandelo.

Phawula! Kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe, i-USSR kunye ne-USA zavelisa iindlela ezintsha zesixhobo, apho ububanzi besibuko baqala ukufikelela kwi-60-100 yeemitha. Ngoku zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zothumelo lwedatha, ukuphuculwa okusisigxina kunye nophuhliso olutsha lwenzululwazi luye lwanciphisa imfuno yezakhiwo ezinkulu ukuya kwi-1.5 yeemitha okanye namashumi eesentimitha.

Iintlobo kunye neempawu zoyilo

Ii-antenna ezibonisayo azikho zodwa, kodwa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwee-eriyali ezikhombayo. Zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi eziguquguqukayo nakwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezikhululo. Ubungakanani, uyilo kunye nezinto zokwenziwa zixhomekeke kwimisebenzi kunye nenjongo. Izibuko zenziwe ngentsimbi okanye i-aluminium alloys ene-conductivity yombane.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, zenziwe ngee-composites okanye iiplastiki, kodwa kusekho indawo ebonisa ukukhanya – iyaguquguquka. Imesh yentsimbi okanye ifoyile, ipeyinti esebenza ngombane ingasetyenziswa. Kukho ezinye iindidi:

• i- axisymmetric , kunye nesibuko esinye okanye ezibini, ezilinganayo okanye nge-counter-reflector, i-ring focus;
• i-offset , enqunywe kwisibuko se-parabolic, kunye nephethini ye-radiation etshintshileyo;
• I-HEADLIGHTS, okanye i-eriyali yoluhlu lwezigaba , ukusuka kwii-emitters ezininzi, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-eriyali (i-strip, i-thrust okanye i-slot);
• isalathiso esibuthathaka , kunye nepateni ebanzi yokusasazeka kwemitha, nangona kukho iziphene ezithile, ukusebenza ngeesathelayithi ezichongiweyo ngokubonakalayo kwaye kungafuneki ukhokelo olongezelelweyo;
• i-wave ehambayo – iphuculwe (xa ithelekiswa ne-non-directional, kodwa isebenza kwi-meter okanye i-decimeter range).

Ingqalelo! Ukukhethwa kwesitya sesathelayithi sokufumana iimpawu zeTV kufuneka kuchazwe ngeengqwalasela ezininzi-izinto eziphathekayo (ukuchasana neempembelelo zangaphandle, xa zibekwe emoyeni), uhlobo lwesibonisi kunye nomgangatho walo, inani labaguquleli kunye nendlela eqhotyoshelwe ngayo. Imeko ebalulekileyo ngumgangatho, amandla kunye nokuchasana nokubola.

Isicelo kunye neNdibano

Nasiphi na isixhobo sobunjineli berediyo esetyenziswa njenge-emitter okanye umamkeli siyinxalenye ye-organic yenkqubo kunye nenye yezinto zayo ezisisiseko. Imiyalelo yokwenza ngokwakho ixhomekeke kuhlobo olukhethiweyo, ubungakanani kunye nenjongo ejoliswe kuyo. I-antenna yesibuko ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo – isebenza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Ezo zixhobo zinokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bengxolo. I-Parabolic – ummeli wabo oqhelekileyo. Ukulula kwesixhobo akuthethi ukuba xa usenza ngokwakho, akudingeki ukuba uqwalasele iimfuno ezithile zomyalelo ngamnye. Olona lwazi lubanzi lukwividiyo engezantsi: https://youtu.be/6Cku8eGomec Ububanzi beplate kuluhlu oluthengisiweyo luvela kwi-55 cm ukuya kwi-80, kwaye oku akulona xabiso elincinci lokuzonwabisa. Abachwephesha basekhaya banikela imiyalelo emininzi ecacileyo yokwenza ii-antenna, kunye nendlela yokufaka kunye nokuqwalasela: ukusuka ekukhethweni kwesayithi, ukubala ukuya kucwangciso lokugqibela. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuboniswa ukuba nayiphi na ikiti kufuneka ibe namacandelo amaninzi. Ezinye zazo zingenziwa kwi-mini-workshop, zithengwe ngokwahlukileyo kwivenkile ekhethekileyo, okanye zithengwe njengekiti (ayiyiyo yonke into enokwaneliseka apho ngokomgangatho okanye iipropati, kodwa iphuma ngexabiso eliphantsi ngale ndlela, kwaye yonke into ivela. umenzi omnye). kuthengwe kwivenkile ekhethekileyo ngokwahlukileyo okanye kuthengwe njengesethi (apho, akusiyo yonke into enokufanelana nawe ngokwemigangatho okanye iipropathi, kodwa iphuma ngexabiso eliphantsi ngale ndlela, kwaye yonke into ivela kumenzi omnye). kuthengwe kwivenkile ekhethekileyo ngokwahlukileyo okanye kuthengwe njengesethi (apho, akusiyo yonke into enokufanelana nawe ngokwemigangatho okanye iipropathi, kodwa iphuma ngexabiso eliphantsi ngale ndlela, kwaye yonke into ivela kumenzi omnye).
Amandla axhomekeke njani kububanzi be-eriyali [/ caption]

Kubalulekile! Isethi ibandakanya isitya sesibuko, ummkeli (uhlobo lwayo luxhomekeke kwiinjongo ezilandelwayo), kodwa injongo ephambili kukufumana nokuguqula umqondiso kwisathelayithi ukuya kwiscreen seTV, ngendlela yomfanekiso, abaguquleli abathathu ababonelela ngaxeshanye. ulwamkelo oluvela kwiisathelayithi ezintathu, iziqhoboshi (ezihlala zivela kwiinkcazo, njenge-multifeed), intambo , izihlanganisi zokudityaniswa kunye nentaba ye-antenna yangempela.

Xa ukhetha indawo yokufaka i-antenna enjalo, ukhetho lunikezelwa kumzantsi okanye kumzantsi-ntshona. Oku kubalulekile kuba zonke iisathelayithi zikwi-geostationary orbit ukusuka kumzantsi-mpuma ukuya kumzantsi-ntshona. Ukuba akukho zifestile ezijonge ngasezantsi, ngoko kuphela ukhetho oluseleyo lufakelo eluphahleni.

Akuvunyelwe ukufaka i-antenna phantsi kwe-ebb yophahla.

I-antenna ifakwe kwi-angle malunga ne-25 °, oko kukuthi, ijongeka kancinci, njengesithombeni:
Xa ubeka i-antenna, i-azimuth ebalwe ngokuchanekileyo iya kuba luncedo olukhulu. Ukumisela i-azimuth, sebenzisa ikhampasi yamagnetic. Ilungelelaniswa ngokuhambelana nomhlaba ukuseka indlela engasentla. Ngaloo ndlela kuyimfuneko ukukhetha nayiphi na into kwindawo yokubhekisela. Idigri ibalwa ngokwezahlulo zekhampasi ngokwewotshi (ukusuka ku-zero, ukuya kumgca odibanisa nento ekhethiweyo). Yile ndlela i-azimuth yamagnetic ibalwa ngayo. Ukuncipha kwamagnetic kummandla othile kufakwe okanye kuncitshiswe kwisiphumo esifunyenweyo. Ukuvula i-eriyali, sebenzisa inguqulelo ekhethekileyo yenkqubo yeSATTV.
Emva kokuyifakela endleleni C:\Program Files\SATTV 2.0\Zone, iziseko zayo ziya kuqulatha iindlela eziya kwiindawo zokugubungela isatellite. Ukufakwa kwekiti egqityiweyo kuhle kakhulu ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo eqhotyoshelweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ipleyiti ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye emva koko baqhubela phambili nofakelo. Kunconywa ukuba usebenzise i-bracket yensimbi eqinileyo eqinileyo, eya kukuvumela ukuba ungaxhomekeki kwiimeko zemozulu kwaye ungalahlekelwa ngumgangatho womfanekiso. Ukulungiswa okuchanekileyo kweentloko kunye nokudibanisa kwabo okuchanekileyo kwitshintshi kuyimfuneko ukufanisa izicwangciso ze-tuner kunye nokudibanisa kwi-antenna. Ukudibanisa, ukufaka kunye nokuqwalasela i-eriyali yeparabolic ukufumana isignali yesathelayithi: https://youtu.be/XNk-KTjEgEY

Iimpawu ze-eriyali ezibonakalisayo

Ukusetyenziswa kwee-eriyali ze-parabolic kubenze baba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kungekhona nje edolophini, kodwa kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni. Kodwa oku akubangelwa kuphela kukusasazwa kukamabonwakude wesathelayithi. Zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zeradar, kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, ukuhanjiswa kwerediyo, isathelayithi kunye ne-interspace, zisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yeteleskopu yerediyo. Iimpawu eziphambili zesixhobo esiluncedo ububanzi bepateni yemitha, imilo yayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzuza, indawo esebenzayo, njalo njalo. Qwalasela ezona ziphambili:

• i-irradiator (1 okanye ngaphezulu), yenza ipateni;
• ububanzi be-beam bunqunywe ngumsebenzi oyintloko – ukwamkela okanye ukuhanjiswa, kukho iifomyula ezikhethekileyo kule nto;
• Ukusebenza kakuhle kunokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zokuyila (isibuko esingaqinanga, i-mesh esetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubunzima okanye ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwemozulu).

Parabolic antenna focus [/ caption] Isitya sesathelayithi esenziwe ekhaya sinokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi – ukuncamathelisa ngesiseko sekhonkrithi, ukusuka kwiambrela endala kunye nefoyile yealuminiyam (iamplifier enombane iyafuneka), ukusuka kwiphepha lentsimbi elicekethekileyo, ukusuka kwiplexiglass. kwaye nkqu nocingo. Kwividiyo, inkosi ityhila iimfihlelo zokwenza isitya sesathelayithi ngezandla zayo: https://youtu.be/HBkfdb6rK2E Ukubonakala kulula kwiinkcazo zeengcibi, eqinisweni, kufuna izakhono ezithile zomsebenzi, izixhobo kunye nexesha lamahhala. Izixhobo ezenziwe ekhaya zinexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa umgangatho womfanekiso kwiscreen seTV awusoloko ufikelela kwinqanaba elifunekayo. Xa uthengela ikiti esele yenziwe, kufuneka uchaze ngokucacileyo kungekhona nje indawo, kodwa kunye neeparitha. Kweminye imimandla yaseRashiya, ubuncinci bedayamitha yanele ukufumana iziteshi zomntu ngamnye,