Ungashintshela kanjani kumabonakude wedijithali futhi uzibekele ukwamukela isiteshi?

Kamuva nje, kube noshintsho oluphelele lwethelevishini iye kwidijithali, futhi sekuvele umsebenzi omusha kubasebenzisi be-TV – ukusetha ukwamukela kwayo kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ungakwenza lokhu kokubili ngosizo lochwepheshe futhi uwedwa.

Izinzuzo ze-Digital TV

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-analog TV, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali buzuza ohlwini olude lwezinzuzo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lomsebenzisi we-TV. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zethelevishini yedijithali:

• ngcono izinga lomsindo nesithombe;
• ukunwetshwa kwenani lamashaneli ebangeni elifanayo;
• ikhono lokuqopha izinhlelo zethelevishini nokudala izinqolobane;
• asikho isidingo sama-transmitter anamandla;
• ukukhetha kolimi lokusakaza nemibhalo engezansi;
• ikhono lokwengeza umsakazo ku-multiplex;
• ikhono lokwamukela amasiginali we-EPG.

Kunobubi obumbalwa kakhulu bethelevishini yedijithali:

• ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu nangaphansi kwezinye izimo zezulu ezimbi, isignali ingase ingadluliswa kahle;
• esimweni sokuncipha kwesignali (ngokuvamile lokhu kuncike ekukhethweni kwe-antenna), izingcezu zomuntu ngamunye zesithombe noma isithombe sisonke sibanda kancane.

Okudingayo ukuxhuma ithelevishini yedijithali – imishini edingekayo

Ukuze ubuke iziteshi zedijithali, udinga ukuthenga i-TV esekela
i-DVB-T2 , noma uthenge izinto zokusebenza ezengeziwe zedivayisi evamile. Uzodinga ikhebula lekhwalithi ephezulu,
isamukeli sikamabonakude esidijithali kanye ne
-antennakwazi ukusebenza ebangeni lamadesimitha. Ukufakwa kwamahhala kukamabonakude wedijithali we-DVB-T2: https://youtu.be/g61v5Vrop9c

Ukukhetha uthi

Noma yiluphi uthi lwendlu lungathola isignali yedijithali. Kubahlali bezakhiwo eziphakeme, inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukufaka i-antenna evamile (CETV) yendlu yonke. Kubahlali bemboni ezimele, kukhona okulandelayo:

• isitsha sesathelayithi sokwamukela isignali iyindlela enokwethenjelwa esebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iseduze kombhoshongo, indawo kanye nezimo zezulu;
• i -antenna yangaphakathi – imodeli ejwayelekile, efanelekile uma umbhoshongo wethelevishini useduze komunye nomunye;
• i-antenna yangaphandle evamile – uma isignali ingaqinile kakhulu, umbhoshongo we-TV ukude noma indawo yenza kube nzima ukuthola isignali;
• i-cable TV – inweba iphakheji lamashaneli atholakalayo;
• I- IPTV – yenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa kanyekanye zonke izinzuzo zethelevishini yedijithali kuhlanganiswe nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi.

Umabonakude

I-antenna iyodwa ayanele – udinga i-TV ukuze ukwazi ukuthola isignali yedijithali. Kubanikazi bemishini yesimanje ekhishwe eminyakeni engu-3 edlule, asikho isidingo sokuthenga imishini eyengeziwe. Abakhiqizi banikeze ikhono lokuxhuma ithelevishini yedijithali ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ibhokisi / umamukeli we-set-top, ngakho-ke amamodeli anamuhla afika nemishini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokuthola isignali enjalo.

Lapho uthenga i-TV entsha, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi imodeli oyikhethayo isekela izindinganiso zedijithali. Izici kufanele ziqukathe into ethi DVB-T2.

Ikhonsoli

Uma usebenzisa i-TV engasekeli i-DVB-T2, kufanele futhi uthenge isamukeli – ibhokisi lokumisa phezulu elixhuma ku-TV futhi likuvumela ukuthi uthole isignali yedijithali. Ku-assortment yezitolo zemishini ye-TV kunamabhokisi aphezulu ahluka ngokusebenza kwawo:

• I-SMART set-top box – isengezo ku-TV sokwamukela amasignali edijithali ne-inthanethi. Yandisa ukusebenza – i-TV ingasetshenziswa njengekhompyutha.
• Amabhokisi aphezulu ezitsha zesathelayithi – afakwe iphrosesa enamandla, okokufaka okwengeziwe.
• Izamukeli zeHybrid – zikuvumela ukuthi uthole amasiginali wesathelayithi nekhebula.
• Abamukeli bomhlaba – sebenza ngokubambisana nezimpondo ezijwayelekile.
• Amabhokisi okusetha phezulu anesifundi sekhadi esakhelwe ngaphakathi – okusebenzisa amakhadi athengwe kumhlinzeki.
• Isamukeli esine- CAM slot . Imishini enjalo ingahlelwa kabusha kalula, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukuthi izophelelwa yisikhathi futhi ngeke ikwazi ukuthola isignali.
• Abamukeli abahlanganisiwe . Afakwe isifundi sokuthwebula amakhadi, ane-slot ye-CAM futhi ayakwazi ukuthola iziteshi ze-FTA. Amadivayisi anjalo angasebenza ngama-multiplex ajwayelekile, kanye namashaneli abethelwe. Kwanele ukuvula ukuvuselela okuzenzakalelayo kokhiye kumenyu yezilungiselelo noma ukuzifaka mathupha usebenzisa isilawuli kude.
• Abamukeli abafakwe isistimu yokufinyelela enemibandela . Lena inkimbinkimbi ye-hardware-software esetshenziselwa ukufinyelela inani leziteshi ezibethelwe ezingatholakali kuma-multiplex ajwayelekile.

Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ukusebenza kwe-console nezici zayo ezengeziwe. Inketho engcono kakhulu ibhekwa njengesamukeli se-SMART, esizokwandisa kakhulu amakhono we-TV elula kakhulu.

Lapho uthenga isamukeli sedijithali, udinga ukuhlola nomthengisi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukubuyisela noma ukushintshanisa izimpahla zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14. Lokhu kuyadingeka noma ngabe idivayisi ihlolwe esitolo futhi yabonakala isebenza ngokugcwele. Kungenzeka ukuthi uma uxhuma ibhokisi le-set-top ekhaya, ngeke lithole isignali kusuka ku-antenna ngokwanele – kulokhu, uzodinga ukukhetha imodeli efanelekayo.

Ikhebula

Uma ukhetha ibhokisi elibekwe phezulu le-TV, udinga ukunaka ukuba khona kwentambo kukhithi. Kwezinye izimo, ungase udinge ukuthenga i-adaptha uma ungakwazi ukuxhuma ikhebula elifakiwe ku-TV yakho.

Ungamisa kanjani ukwamukela kukamabonakude wedijithali futhi uxhume iziteshi kudijithali

Lapho zonke izinto zokusebenza zithengwa, ungaqala inqubo yokufaka. Uma ulandela imiyalelo, ungakwazi ukufaka futhi usethe ukwamukela i-TV yedijithali ngokwakho. Ungaxhuma kanjani ithelevishini yedijithali futhi usethe amashaneli edijithali asemhlabeni: https://youtu.be/ScvZ6-GZ5Qk

Ukuxhuma i-DVB-T2 ku-TV ngokusekelwa kwe-DVB-T2: imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ungasetha ukwamukela kwe-TV yedijithali ku-TV ngokusekelwa kwe-DVB-T2 eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Nqamula i-TV kunethiwekhi.
2. Thola okokufaka kokuxhuma ithelevishini yedijithali bese uxhuma uthi kuyo.
3. Vula i-TV futhi uthole isigaba sezilungiselelo.
4. Khetha imodi yokusetha ye-TV.
5. Kumenyu evulayo, udinga ukuthola i-DVB-T2 noma imodi yokushuna, khetha la mabhokisi bese ulondoloza izilungiselelo.
6. Cacisa izwe, futhi uvule imodi yokusesha yesiteshi.
7. Khetha i-DTV ukuze uthole wonke amashaneli edijithali asemhlabeni.

Kungenzeka futhi ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalela ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Xhuma idivayisi othini nakunethiwekhi.
2. Thola inkinobho yokusetha ye-DVB kuphaneli yokulawula ye-TV.
3. Khetha ukufaka okuzenzakalelayo kuzilungiselelo.
4. Linda ukufakwa nokucushwa kwamashaneli.

Ukufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwamukela i-TV yedijithali kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10, ngemva kwalokho ungaqala ukubuka zonke iziteshi ezitholakalayo.

I-algorithm yokusetha ukwamukelwa kwamashaneli edijithali ingase yehluke kuye ngomkhiqizi kanye nemodeli ye-TV. Uma idivayisi ingeke ikwazi ukumiswa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuchaziwe, kufanele ufunde imiyalelo yayo.

Ungaxhuma kanjani i-TV yedijithali ngaphandle kwebhokisi elibekwe phezulu: https://youtu.be/eTme430os6g

Ukuthola isignali ye-TV yedijithali kusetshenziswa ibhokisi elibekwe phezulu kuma-TV e-analog nama-digital TV

Uma i-TV ingasekeli i-DVB-T2, kufanele uqale uxhume umamukeli, bese uqhubeke nokusetha. Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo kuleli cala ibonakala kanje:

1. Susa umamukeli ephaketheni lokuqala futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ususa ifilimu evikelayo ukuze idivayisi ingashisi ngokweqile.
2. Usebenzisa ikhebula le-RCA noma le-HDMI, xhuma ibhokisi lokubeka phezulu ku-TV yakho.
3. Xhuma uthi kumamukeli.
4. Vula i-TV bese uya esigabeni sezilungiselelo.
5. Khetha izwe.
6. Khetha indinganiso yesignali: DVB-T2 (digital) esikhundleni se-DVB-T (analogue).
7. Kumenyu evulayo, khetha ukumisa okuzenzakalelayo bese ulinda ukuthi inqubo iqede.
8. Londoloza izilungiselelo.

Kuma-TV amadala ane-antenna kuphela, izamukeli ezinemoduli ye-RF zingasetshenziswa. Amabhokisi anjalo aphezulu axhunywe ngokuqondile kokokufaka kwe-antenna, kuyilapho ekwazi ukusebenza ebangeni lamadesimitha.

Uma ukhetha i-DVB-T ne-DVB-T2 phakathi nokusetha, i-TV izothola womabili amashaneli e-analog asemhlabeni nawedijithali ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Bona imiyalelo yokuxhuma i-TV yedijithali usebenzisa isamukeli kule vidiyo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZEDvnWyJgA

Ukwamukela umabonakude wedijithali kukhompuyutha

Kungenzeka ukuxhuma i-TV yedijithali ku-PC noma kwi-laptop, kodwa kulokhu udinga ukuthenga imishini eyengeziwe – ishuna ye-USB yedijithali. Imiyalo yokuxhumana nokusetha:

1. Xhuma ishuna yedijithali ekhethiwe ngokufaka i-USB.
2. Yethula uhlelo olusha lokuthola idivayisi.
3. Faka isofthiwe ukuze kusebenze kahle umamukeli.
4. Linda iziteshi ukuthi ziskene futhi uqale ukubuka.

Ukuxhuma amashaneli edijithali ukuze abukwe kukhompyutha kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma idivayisi ihlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zabakhiqizi bezamukeli ze-USB.

Amaphutha nezinkinga uma uxhuma umabonakude wedijithali

Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali bunomshini oyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuwuxhuma okokuqala futhi wenze yonke into isebenze. Kunamaphutha amaningi avamile ongawenza lapho uhlela ukwamukela i-TV yedijithali.

I-firmware yomamukeli ephelelwe yisikhathi

Umamukeli akakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwesofthiwe efanelekile. Uma i-firmware iphelelwe yisikhathi noma ifakwe ekuqaleni ngokungalungile, izinkinga ezilandelayo zingase zenzeke:

• iphutha lokusetha ithelevishini yedijithali;
• ezinye iziteshi azisebenzi ;
• i-TV ayitholi kahle isignali;
• ikhwalithi yesithombe ephansi.

Ukukhanyisa umamukeli, akudingekile ukuthwala idivayisi esikhungweni sesevisi. Uma idiski yokufaka enesofthiwe ibifakwe ne-set-top box, udinga ukuxhuma ngekhebula le-USB bese uqala ukufaka i-firmware. Uma ingekho idiski yokufaka kukhithi, inkinga nayo ingaxazululeka. Ukuba namakhono ayisisekelo ekusebenzeni ngobuchwepheshe, ungakwazi ukufaka kabusha isofthiwe ngokuzimela usebenzisa le-algorithm.

1. Thola iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizi ekhiphe isiqalo.
2. Esigabeni sesofthiwe, thola igama lemodeli yomamukeli okufanele likhanye.
3. Landa ingobo yomlando ngesofthiwe kukhompuyutha yakho futhi uyikhiphe kufolda ehlukile.
4. Thumela ifolda yokuqukethwe kudrayivu ye-USB ekhiphekayo.
5. Kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi, thola imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokufaka isofthiwe yemodeli ekhethiwe.
6. Xhuma imidiya ku-set-top box bese ufaka.

Abakhiqizi banikeza ukulanda i-firmware mahhala. Uma kudingeka ukubhaliswa, inkokhelo, noma i-SMS, cishe isayithi lomkhonyovu.

Izinkinga ze-antenna

Uma uthi lwe-antenna lungatholi isignali kusuka ekuxhumekeni kokuqala, awudingi ukugijima ngokushesha esitolo futhi ucele ukuyifaka esikhundleni. Kuyafaneleka ukuhlola amaphuzu alandelayo:

• ukuxhumana okulungile;
• imvamisa kumephu ye-CETV esebenzisanayo;
• ukusebenza kwekhebula noxhumana nabo.

Uma zingatholakali izinkinga, uhlobo olungalungile lwe-antenna cishe lukhethwe. Uma i-antenna ingenawo amandla anele okwamukela isignali yekhwalithi ephezulu, ukuthenga nokufaka i-
amplifier kungasiza . Ungabheka nohlobo olufaneleka kakhulu lwedivayisi yokwamukela.

Uma inkinga ingenakuxazululwa uwedwa, kufanele uxhumane nochwepheshe. Mhlawumbe inkinga ilele kumishini, emane idinga ukushintshwa noma ukulungiswa ngaphansi kwewaranti.

Inkinga esiteshini se-TV

Ezimweni ezingu-80%, izinkinga zokwamukela i-TV yedijithali zibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwempahla yomsebenzisi noma amaphutha enziwe phakathi nenqubo yokufaka. Kepha kunezimo lapho kungenangqondo ukubheka ukuwohloka noma amaphutha kuzilungiselelo. Njengoba uguquko oluphelele kumabonakude wedijithali lungakenzeki kuzo zonke izifunda, ukwehluleka kuvame ukwenzeka ngqo esiteshini. Ukuvimbela nakho kuyenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, phakathi nezikhathi ezinjalo iziteshi zedijithali nazo azitholakali. Uma kunenkinga ngesithombe noma ukufinyelela kumashaneli edijithali ephakethe, kodwa zonke izisetshenziswa nezilungiselelo zihlelekile, kufanele ushayele inombolo yocingo yomhlinzeki. Izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuxhuma kumabonakude wedijithali zihlala zazise ngokulungiswa okuhleliwe kokuvikela noma ezinye izimbangela zokwehluleka,

Imibuzo nezimpendulo

Enqubweni yokufaka imishini kanye nokumisa umabonakude wedijithali, kungase kuphakame izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezingashiwongo emiyalweni noma imemo yobhalisile.

Mangaki amashaneli edijithali azotholakala?

Konke kuncike kwiphakheji kanye nezwe lokuxhuma. E-Russia, ama-multiplex angu-2 ayatholakala – iziteshi eziyisisekelo ezingu-20. E-Ukraine yiziteshi ezingama-32. Uma uxhuma ngomhlinzeki, iziteshi zephakeji zizotholakala – kusukela ku-50 noma ngaphezulu, kodwa imali yokubhaliselwe yanyanga zonke izodingeka.

Kungani umlayezo othi “akukho siginali” uvele esikrinini?

Uma konke kusebenze ngaphambili, kungaba nezizathu ezimbili – ipulaki yekhebula ephukile noma isignali embi ngenxa yomsebenzi wokulungisa esiteshini sethelevishini.

Kungani zingaboniswa zonke iziteshi?

Iphakheji evamile yethelevishini yedijithali yasemhlabeni ihlanganisa inombolo elinganiselwe yamashaneli. Uma isiteshi esiyingxenye yama-multiplex axhunyiwe singaboniswa, udinga ukuhlola izinga lesignali – kungase kube nezinkinga nge-antenna.

Ngingathola ikhebula neziteshi zedijithali ngesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, kungenzeka, kodwa lokhu kuzodinga ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwesihlanganisi sesignali ye-TV. Ama-adder anjalo ngokuvamile athengiswa ezitolo zemishini kamabonakude. https://youtu.be/0opTiq5EQWU

Kungani iziteshi zilenga?

Uma ngesikhathi senqubo yokubuka isithombe esiseskrinini siqala ukuqanda noma ukubola sibe amaphikseli, kunesizathu esisodwa kuphela – ukonakala kwesignali ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezinti noma izimo zezulu ezimbi. Uma uthenga isitsha sesathelayithi, awukwazi ukuncika esimweni sezulu.
Ukwazi ulwazi oluyisisekelo ekuxhumeni nasekusetheni ukwamukela komabonakude wedijithali, ungakwazi ngokuzimela ukushintshela kukho kusukela kubuchwepheshe be-analog. Uma, ngesizathu esithile, ungakwazi ukufaka isofthiwe noma ukumisa amashaneli, kungcono ukuthintana nesikhungo sesevisi futhi uphathise umsebenzi wokushintshela kumabonakude wedijithali kochwepheshe.