Indlela yokwenza i-antenna ye-Kharchenko ye-TV yedijithali ngezandla zakho: ukubala, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-biquadrate

Manje sekunoshintsho olusebenzayo lokusakaza kumabonakude we-analog kuya kudijithali. Kusukela ngo-2012, kuye kwamukelwa indinganiso eyodwa yokusakaza kumabonakude wedijithali
i-DVB-T2 ukuze kubukwe mahhala. Ukuthola ithuba elinjalo, kuhlala kuphela ukuthola i-receiver-antenna, ongazenzela yona. Enye yezinketho ezingabizi kakhulu ze-TV yedijithali ongazihlanganisa ngezandla zakho i-antenna ye-Kharchenko.

Izici kanye nedivayisi ye-antenna yaseKharchenko

Umqondo wokuzenzela umshini usekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kukanjiniyela uKharchenko. I-antenna yayisebenza ku-decimeter range (DCV), edumile ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Lena i-analogue ye-antenna yokuvula esekelwe kokuphakelayo kwamazombe. Isiginali iqoqwa kusetshenziswa i-reflector eyisicaba (isikrini esiqinile noma esine-lattice – ifreyimu eyenziwe ngezinto eziqhutshwayo), esikhulu kune-vibrator okungenani ngama-20%. Ukuze uzenzele ngokwakho, kuzodingeka ucabangele izici zejometri kanye nokukhethwa kwempahla ethile.
Isignali kamabonakude isakazwa kusetshenziswa amaza ane-polarization evundlile. Inguqulo eyenziwe lula ye-antenna yethulwa ngendlela yama-loop vibrator amabili avundlile axhunywe ngokufana, kodwa anqanyuliwe endaweni lapho kuxhunywe khona okuphakelayo (ikhebula). Ubukhulu buboniswe esihlokweni se-Kharchenko esithi “I-Antenna yobubanzi be-DTSV”, futhi i-antenna ibalwa ngokuvumelana namafomula ahlongozwe umbhali.

Izinto kanye namathuluzi wokwenza i-antenna yaseKharchenko

Izinto ezidingekayo:

• i-grill grate;
• fafaza upende wemoto;
• i-solvent noma i-acetone;
• ama-drill for drills;
• ikhebula lethelevishini coaxial (akukho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10);
• PVC ipayipi XB 50 cm ububanzi 20 mm;
• ama-dowels ensimbi we-drywall;
• ucingo lwethusi lwe-vibrator enobubanzi obungu-2 kuya ku-3.5 mm;
• 2 izingcwecwe zensimbi ezincane.

Amathuluzi okusebenza:

• i-soldering iron 100 W;
• screwdriver kanye nozzles;
• isibhamu seglue esishisayo;
• ama-wire cutters, amapulangwe, isando;
• ipensela, i-tape measure, ummese we-molar.

Isidlidlizi singenziwa ngezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi (ithusi, i-aluminium) nama-alloys (ngokuvamile ithusi). Indaba ingaba ngendlela yocingo, imichilo, amakhona, amashubhu.

Senza izibalo

Ukuze kwenziwe i-antenna ye-Kharchenko, kubalulekile ukubala okunembile usebenzisa umshini wokubala noma amafomula. Ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, ungakwazi ukubala ukufakwa kwe-antenna ngisho nesignali ebuthakathaka – mayelana ne-500 MHz. Okokuqala udinga ukwazi imvamisa yamaphakethe amabili okusakaza we-TV ye-DVB-T2 endaweni yangakini. Lokhu kungatholakala kuwebhusayithi yemephu esebenzisanayo ye-CETV. Lapho udinga ukuthola umbhoshongo oseduze we-TV, kanye nokusakaza okutholakalayo (iphakheji elilodwa noma amabili wesiteshi) nokuthi yiziphi amafrikhwensi asetshenziselwa lokhu. Ngemuva kokuthola amanani amafrikhwensi amaphakethe, ubude bezinhlangothi zesikwele sesamukeli se-antenna esiklanyelwe siyabalwa. Umdwebo nomdwebo we-antenna kuhlanganiswa ngesisekelo semvamisa yokudlulisa isignali. I-Hertz (Hz) isetshenziselwa ukuyikala futhi ichazwa ngohlamvu F. Njengesibonelo, ungasebenzisa imvamisa yokusakaza ithelevishini yamaphakethe okuqala nesesibili edolobheni laseMoscow – 546 no-498 megahertz (MHz).

Isibali

Ukubala kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nefomula: isivinini sokukhanya / imvamisa, okungukuthi: C / F \u003d 300/546 \u003d 0.55 m \u003d 550 mm. Ngokufanayo nge-multiplex yesibili: 300/498 = 0.6 = 600 mm. Ubukhulu be-wavelength bungu-5, 5, no-6 dm, ngokulandelanayo. Ukuze uwamukele, udinga uthi lwe-UHF, olubizwa ngokuthi i-decimeter antenna. Ngemuva kwalokho, kulula kakhulu ukubala ububanzi begagasi eliwela ngaphesheya, eliqanjwe kumamukeli. Kuyi-1/2 yobude, ngokulandelana 275 kanye no-300 mm kuphakheji lokuqala nelesibili.

Ukuqinisekisa ukwamukelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwesignali yedijithali, umkhawulo ngamunye we-biquadrate kufanele ube uhhafu wobubanzi begagasi ngobubanzi. Ukukhiqiza, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-aluminium core noma ithubhu yethusi. Ngokufanelekile, kungcono ukusebenzisa ucingo lwethusi (3-5 mm) – ine-geometry ezinzile futhi igoba kahle.

Ukubalwa kwe-antenna ye-Kharchenko ye-TV yedijithali: isibali nezindlela zokudala: https://youtu.be/yeE2SRCR3yc

I-Antenna Assembly

Ukwakhiwa kwe-antenna ye-Kharchenko yokusakaza kumabonakude wedijithali kuhilela izinyathelo ezilandelayo zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. I-polarization kanye nemvamisa yegagasi kunqunywa. Umklamo kufanele ube ngomugqa.
2. I-Copper isetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha i-biquadreceiver antenna. Zonke izakhi zitholakala emakhoneni, enye yazo kufanele ithinte. Ukuze uthole i-polarization enezingqimba, isakhiwo kufanele sibekwe ngokuqondile. Nge-polarization eqondile, idivayisi ibekwe eceleni kwayo.
3. Ucingo lwethusi luyakalwa bese luyiswa kubude obudingekayo (+1 cm). Ithubhu yethusi noma i-aluminium (ububanzi obuyi-12 mm) ifanelekile. I-insulation evela kumgogodla wethusi iyahlanzwa. Ilinganiswe ngesando endaweni eqinile. Indawo emaphakathi iyakalwa futhi igotshwe ngamadigri angama-90. Uma kukhona i-vise, ucingo luboshwe futhi luqondaniswe kubo. Ukugoba kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nobukhulu obaliwe.
4. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucezu oluncane lunqunywa nge-engeli engu-45 degree ukuze lwakhe ithiphu elicijile. Ukuphela kwesibili kugobile, inqubo efanayo yenziwa kuwo. Zombili izikwele zingagotshwa kancane ngesikhathi esisodwa. Emagobeni angaphakathi aphakathi, ukusikeka okuncane kwenziwa ngomshini ngefayela lenaliti. Khona-ke kuzokwazi ukudonsa ndawonye lezi ziphetho ezimbili zamahhala futhi uzilungise ngocingo oluncane lwethusi.
5. Uzodinga i-soldering iron, kanye ne-rosin ewuketshezi noma i-flux yokubopha ama-bends aphakathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ohlangothini ngalunye lwentambo yethusi.
6. Ikhebula le-coaxial lihlutshulwe ngo-4-5 cm. I-braid noma i-conductor yangaphandle iphonswa ibe yintambo eyodwa futhi isongwe ngokuzungeza okukodwa. Songa ocingweni lwethusi. I-insulation ye-conductor yangaphakathi iyakhunyulwa futhi ngokufanayo isongwe ejikeni elilandelayo. I-soldering kufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela, isekela ukugquma nge-pliers, ngoba ukushisa kungabangela ukuthi isuke endleleni. Okokuqala, ifreyimu iyashiswa endaweni yokubekwa uphawu, bese kuba umqhubi kuphela.
7. I-wiring yekhebula ihlanganiswe ne-nylon tie, ikhishwe nge-solvent. Izindawo zokuvala zihlukaniswe ngeglue eshisayo kusetshenziswa isibhamu. Isomisi sezinwele singasetshenziswa ukulungisa amaphutha ekubunjweni kokunamathela.
   

   Ngokubukeka, amakhona angaphakathi aphakathi kwesakhiwo, afana nesibalo sesishiyagalombili, kufanele asondele komunye nomunye (10-12 mm), kodwa angathinti. Uma kwenzeka iphutha ngesikhathi sokugoba kwekhonta, ngisho nango-1 mm, isithombe singase sihlanekezelwe.

8. Ikhebula ilethwa kumaphuzu okusondela kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Isiqondiso esisodwa somdwebo kufanele sivinjwe, ngenxa yalokhu kufakwe isivikelo sethusi esikhanyayo. Inamathiselwe emgodleni wekhebula.
9. Ukuze kwenziwe i-reflector, amabhodi e-textolite ahlanganiswe nethusi asetshenziswe ngaphambilini. Manje kusetshenziselwa amapuleti ensimbi kulokhu. Futhi, i-reflector ingenziwa kusuka ku-grill grate. Ungasebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa esiqandisini noma indawo yokomisa izitsha. Into eyinhloko ukuthi isakhiwo asigqwali emoyeni ovulekile. Isibonisi kufanele sibe sikhulu kunozimele wesidlidlizi.
10. Uhlaka luphakathi nendawo yesibonisi. Ngokuqiniswa kwayo, ungasebenzisa amapuleti amabili ensimbi.
11. Isignali emazingeni aphezulu isakazeka ebusweni bomqhubi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukumboza uthi ngopende. Amaphuzu okuvala agcwele iglue eshisayo noma i-sealant.

Umamukeli kufanele abe kude ne-reflector, ebalwa ngefomula: i-wavelength / 7. I-antenna ibekwe ohlangothini lwe-repeater.

Ungazenza kanjani izibalo ezifanele futhi wenze i-antenna ye-Kharchenko iboniswe kule vidiyo: https://youtu.be/Wf6DG2JbVcA

Ukuxhumana

Umkhawulo owodwa wekhebula onokumelana kwe-50-75 ohms uthengiswa ku-antenna eqediwe, enye ipulaki. Kungcono ukuxhuma ikhebula phezulu kwesisekelo, futhi usebenzise phansi njengezixhumi. Isithombe kanye nekhwalithi yomsindo yokusakaza kwe-TV yedijithali ngeke kuncike ekutheni ukudluliswa kuzoba kude kangakanani, ngokungafani nokusakaza kwe-analogi. Ngokwenziwa okufanele kwe-antenna, ukudluliswa kwesignali kumamukeli kuzokwenzeka ngekhwalithi evamile futhi akufanele kube nobunzima. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, isignali izonyamalala ngokuphelele (umsindo nesithombe kuzonyamalala). Ngokungafani nomabonakude we-analog, ikhwalithi yesithombe sedijithali iyafana kuzo zonke iziteshi futhi angeke kube khona umehluko.

Ukuhlola ngokusebenza

I-antenna ehlanganisiwe kufanele ihlolwe. Ukuze uhlole i-TV yedijithali, ku-set-top box kumenyu enkulu noma ku-TV, udinga ukusebenzisa ukushuna kwamashaneli okuzenzakalelayo. Le nqubo izothatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Ukuze useshe amashaneli ngemodi yezandla, uzodinga ukufaka ama-frequency azo. Ukuze ungachithi isikhathi ekwenzeni usesho olugcwele, futhi futhi uma usuvele unazo iziteshi ezilungisiwe, ungaqhuba le nqubo. Ukwenza lokhu, kukhethwa iziteshi ezimbili, ngasinye sazo sibeka imvamisa yanoma yisiphi isiteshi esivela kumaphakheji ahlukene (i-multiplex ngayinye yalawa ma-multiplex isebenzisa ibanga elilodwa lefrikhwensi ukusakaza zonke iziteshi ze-TV). Ukuhlola idivayisi ekhiqiziwe, kwanele ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokusakaza kukamabonakude. Ikhwalithi yesithombe esihle izokhombisa ukulunga komsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, isithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu sizotholakala noma sitholakale,

Uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka, ungazama ukuzungezisa uthi, ubheke ushintsho kwikhwalithi yesithombe. Lapho kunqunywa indawo efanelekile yothi lwe-TV, kufanele luqiniswe, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi lubheke kumbhoshongo we-TV.

I-antenna ye-Kharchenko iyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo nelisebenzayo elinikeza ukwamukela amasignali abuthakathaka. Idivayisi ingahlanganiswa ngesandla futhi isetshenziswe esikhundleni sothi lwefekthri ngeamplifier. Ukwenza uthi kungaphakathi kwamandla awo wonke umuntu. Kwanele ukuthola okubalulekile, ukwenza izibalo ezifanele futhi ulandele ngqo ulwazi olutholiwe ekukhiqizeni idivayisi.