Ukuhluleka kokunikezwa kwamandla ka-TV: ukuzihlonza, ukulungisa nokuxazulula izinkinga

Isici esihlukile sokwehluleka kokunikezwa kwamandla kwe-TV ukuntuleka okuphelele kokusebenza kwedivayisi ngemva kokuxhuma kunethiwekhi. Kulesi simo, ngeke kube khona umsindo nesithombe kuphela, kodwa futhi nenkomba yomsebenzi. Ukuze ulungise ukunikezwa kwamandla kwe-TV, kufanele uqale wenze ukuxilonga okufanelekile kwenkinga.

Ukubonakaliswa kokungasebenzi kahle – indlela yokubona ukuwohloka kweyunithi ye-TV

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini ukwehluleka kokunikezwa kwamandla, ngokuqinisekile kuzothinta ukusebenza kwe-TV. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zibonisa ukulimala kwale elementi:

• I-TV ayivuli
• ukukhanya kwenkomba kuvaliwe;
• impempe ye-pulse transformer izwakala, kuyilapho i-TV ingasebenzi, njengoba idivayisi yokuvikela ukunikezwa kwamandla icushiwe (lokhu kungase futhi kube uphawu lokuhluleka kwe-backlight LED).

Uma i-TV ivulwa ngokujwayelekile ngokubonakala kokuchezuka okuhlukahlukene emsindweni noma esithombeni, lezi ziphazamiso cishe zibangelwa esinye isizathu, futhi hhayi ukuphuka kwamandla kagesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho lapho inkinga ekhona ixhunywe ngandlela-thile nokunikezwa kwamandla:

• inkomba ivuliwe, kodwa i-TV ayiqali;
• uma ucindezela inkinobho yamandla kudivayisi ngokwayo, i-TV ayiqali;
• ekuqaleni, umsindo kuphela uvela, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana – isithombe;
• ukuvezwa okuvamile kwesithombe nokudlalwa komsindo kuvela kuphela ngemva kokuvula nokuvala i-TV kaningi;
• kukhona ukubukeka kwemithende , umsindo ongemuva, isithombe esiphukile.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka

Ukwehluleka kokunikezwa kwamandla kuma-TV esimanje e-LED kungenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu. Ziningi izinto ezingabangela umonakalo, kodwa ochwepheshe bakhomba izizathu ezi-4 eziyinhloko:

1. Ukushintshashintsha kwe-voltage kunethiwekhi (ukuthola i-voltage ephumayo encishisiwe kakhulu noma ekhuphukile). Njengomphumela we-voltage egxuma njalo, akukhona nje ukusebenza kwe-TV kuba kubi, kodwa izingxenye zengxenye nazo ziba zingasetshenziswa. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngenxa ye-voltage engazinzile, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-stabilizer.
2. Isifunda esifushane . Kungaholela ekukhathaleni kwezingxenye eziningi nezingxenye zedivayisi, okuhlanganisa nokunikezwa kwamandla.
3. I- fuse yama-main ishaywa . Inkomba yokulinda izobika kuqala into eshile – ngeke ikhanye.
4. Ukulimala kwe-Capacitor . Inkinga evamile, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa i-TV isikhathi eside. Ukugqokwa kwe-capacitor kuthonywa kakhulu okwesikhashana kunezici zangaphandle. Ukwehluleka kwalesi sici kungabonwa ngokuxilongwa okubonakalayo ngokuvuvuka kwesici (iqhubu).

Okulandelayo nakho kunomthelela ekwenzekeni kokungasebenzi kahle kokuphakelwa kukagesi:

• ukungahambisani nezincomo zokusebenza;
• ukwephulwa kombuso wesimo sezulu;
• ukuhlakazwa kocingo ngaphandle kwesipiliyoni nolwazi lwedivayisi.

I-TV ayikubekezeleli ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Uma uyithengile ebusika futhi wayiletha ekamelweni elishisayo, ungavuli idivayisi ngokushesha ukuze ugweme ukufingqa ngaphakathi kanye nokulimala ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile.

Ukuze uzilungisele imishini ebizayo, udinga ukuba namakhono ayisisekelo obuchwepheshe namathuluzi akhethekile. Uma konke lokhu kungekho, kungcono ukuxhumana ngokushesha ne-workshop.

Ukuxilongwa kokuphakelwa kukagesi kwe-TV ngaphambi kokulungiswa

Ukuze wenze ukuxilonga okufanelekile kokuhluleka kokunikezwa kwamandla, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo ezimbalwa zezigaba.

Ukuhlakazwa kwe-TV

Ukunquma imbangela yenkinga kuqala ngokuqaqa idivayisi. Ukwenza lokhu, izikulufu ziyakhishwa ngemuva kwe-TV ukuze uvule ukufinyelela ohlangothini lwamandla. Kumamodeli e-TV ahlukene, amandla atholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngakho-ke akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubona lesi sici ngokushesha ngemva kokukhipha ikhava. Uma unecala elinjalo nje, khona-ke ukufinyelela kumandla kagesi cishe kuvalwe isembozo sokuzivikela esenziwe ngensimbi.

Kwamanye amamodeli we-TV, ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kungase kufakwe ngokuqondile ekunikezeni amandla. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka udlule ezigabeni ezimbalwa zokukhulula izikulufa ezilungisa ingxenye oyifunayo.

Ukujwayela idivayisi yokunikeza amandla

Ukuze wenze ezinye izenzo, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi izingxenye zamandla kagesi we-TV zibukeka kanjani. Wonke amamodeli anamuhla awanawo amandla okuphakelwa okukodwa, kodwa amaningana. Zitholakala, njengomthetho, endaweni eyodwa – ibhodi. Leli bhodi kulula ukulihlukanisa kwabanye: ngaphezu kwama-capacitors nezinye izingxenye, liqukethe ama-transformer angu-3 amnyama naphuzi. I-TV power supply iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okulindile . Umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukugcina i-TV isesimweni sokulinda bese ulinda imiyalo elandelayo. Le modi iboniswa ngesibonisi se-LED esikhanyayo. Ukuze usebenze okuvamile, kufanele kube ne-voltage engu-5V, ukunikezwa kwayo ku-TV kunikezwa isici somsebenzi.
2. I-inverter block . Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukunikeza amandla kuphrosesa. Uma lo msebenzi wephulwa, uma uzama ukuvula i-TV, uzothola ukushintshela kumodi yokulala esheshayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iphrosesa, ngaphandle kokuthola isiqinisekiso sokusebenza ku-inverter, imisa ukusebenza kwezenzo ezengeziwe futhi ibuyela kumodi yokulinda.
3. I-PFC block . Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale ngxenye ukulungisa isici samandla, esisebenzayo futhi esisebenzayo. Eyokuqala iyadingeka ukuze i-TV isebenze, ngesikhathi esifanayo ingakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi ithinte ukugqoka okusheshayo kwama-capacitor, okuthinta kabi impilo yomthombo wamandla wonke. Amandla asebenzayo enza isenzo esiwusizo, futhi amandla asebenzayo adlulisela kumthwalo kuphela ukusuka kujeneretha futhi abuyele kujeneretha.

Okubalulekile mayelana nempahla kagesi: https://youtu.be/vH8Nv1pZu8k Idivayisi yamandla kagesi we-TV kanye nezingxenye zayo eziyinhloko ichazwe kule vidiyo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3YTt9Cb3Kk

Ukuxazulula inkinga

Ngemva kokujwayelana nezingxenye eziyinhloko zedivayisi, qhubeka nokuxilongwa kwayo. Usebenzisa umhloli, khala ukukhishwa kwamandla okubekwe eceleni – umphumela kufanele ube ngu-5V. Uma i-voltage ingaphansi kwalesi nkomba noma ingekho ngokuphelele, inkinga kungenzeka ukuthi ama-capacitor ahlulekile. Ukunquma lokhu, ukuhlolwa okulula kwalezi zingxenye kwanele – zizoba yi-convex. Izingxenye ezisengozini kakhulu zamandla kagesi we-TV zihlanganisa ama-filter capacitor, alahlekelwa izakhiwo zawo ezivamile ngokushesha kunezinye. Kulokhu, into eyonakele ayihlali inomonakalo obonakalayo. Ukuhlunga okungalungile kuholela ekungasebenzini kwamandla kagesi, ukwehluleka kwe-inverter, ukwehluleka kwesoftware kuma-microcircuits ebhodini. Uma ama-capacitor Elungile, hlola i-fuse. Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa indandatho, ezobona ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwesifunda esifushane. Kufanele futhi uvivinye ibhodi kusukela ohlangothini olungemuva, okumele uqale ukususa isici kuhlaka. Bheka ukuchezuka okulandelayo kuma-resistors:

• ubumnyama;
• imifantu;
• ukufakwa kahle kweziphetho;
• izikhala phakathi kwamathrekhi.

Konke lokhu kungahlolwa ngokubuka, bese unquma ukuthi ungayixazulula kanjani inkinga. Uma ukuhlolwa kungabonisi lutho, hlola ama-resistors nge-multimeter. Ukwehluleka kuzoboniswa ngokumelana neqanda.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokulungisa ugesi we-TV

Izinsiza zamandla zama-TV zanamuhla zine, njengomthetho, isifunda esivamile. Umehluko okhona wehla kuphela kusayizi wezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi namandla okukhiphayo. Kulokhu, ukuxilonga nokulungiswa kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo. Isekhethi yokuphakelwa kwamandla kwe-TV yangaphandle:

Amathuluzi adingekayo nezinto zokwakha

Ukuze ulungise, kufanele ubeke amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha, ngaphandle kwalokho okungeke kwenzeke ukuqeda ukungasebenzi kahle:

• i-soldering iron enamandla aguquguqukayo;
• i-solder, utshwala (uphethiloli ocolile), i-flux;
• i-solder remover;
• ama-screwdrivers kusethi;
• ama-wire cutters (ama-side cutters);
• ama-tweezers;
• umhloli (multimeter);
• isibani 100 watts.

Ukuqala ukulungiswa kwamandla kagesi we-TV, kufanele ube nomdwebo womdwebo wemodeli esandleni (uma ungekho, ungawulanda ku-inthanethi kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizi).

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokuxazulula inkinga ukunikezwa kwamandla

Ngokulandela ukulandelana kwesikimu sokuxazulula inkinga, ungathola futhi ulungise umonakalo omkhulu kugesi we-TV:

1. Sibheka intambo yamandla, isokhethi kanye / noma intambo yokunweba ngomonakalo.
2. Siqaqa i-TV bese sikhulula ibhodi le-electronic.
3. Sihlola amabhodi okuphakelwa kukagesi, siveze ukuthi akhona yini ama-capacitor avuvukele, amakesi aqhumayo, ama-resistors ashisiwe.
4. Sihlola i-soldering, ikakhulukazi i-soldering yoxhumana nabo be-pulse transformer.
5. Uma kungenzeki ukuhlonza izinto ezilimele, sihlola amafuse ngokulandelana, ama-diode, ama-electrolytic transistors nama-capacitor. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukusungula ukuwohloka kwama-microcircuits okulawula ngokungaqondile – lapho kungekho mandla, futhi zonke izakhi ezihlukene zihlelekile. Ngokwenza, kwenzeka ukuthi lapho imodyuli yamandla ingasebenzi, i-fuse ihlala injalo. Isimo esinjalo singase sibonise inkinga nge-transistor ye-high-frequency pulse generator.
6. Sibheka, ngaphandle kwe-soldering kusuka ebhodini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ukuhlukana kokumelana ne-ballast, isifunda esifushane se-high-voltage filter capacitor, ukushisa (ukuphuka) kwama-diode okulungisa.
7. Ngemva kokuhlonza ingxenye eyonakele, siyayishintsha.
8. Uma ukungasebenzi kahle kutholwa lapho i-TV ishiselwa, ingaqedwa ngokupholisa isici esinesici ngeswabhu kakotini ecwiliswe otshwaleni noma e-acetone. Uma kungaziwa ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ethile eyimbangela, ukungasebenzi kahle kungacasulwa ngokushisisa isici esisodwa noma esinye ngensimbi yokunamathisela.
9. Sibuyekeza ukulungiswa. Sifaka isibani esikhundleni se-fuse, sivule i-TV kunethiwekhi. Uma isibani sikhanyisa futhi siphuma, inkomba ivuliwe, i-raster ibonakala esikrinini, into yokuqala esiyenzayo ukukala i-voltage yokuskena evundlile. Uma iphezulu kakhulu, hlola bese ushintsha ama-electrolytic capacitor. Ukuziphatha okufanayo kubonakala uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwamapheya e-optocoupler.
10. Uma inkomba ithule lapho ukukhanya kukhanya futhi kuphuma, akukho raster, lokhu kubonisa inkinga ngokuqala i-generator pulse. Sihlola izinga le-voltage ku-capacitor ye-electrolytic yesihlungi sengxenye ye-high-voltage. Uma ingabonisi ngaphezu kwama-volts angu-279, sifuna imbangela kuma-diode aphukile webhuloho lokulungisa noma ukuvuza kwe-capacitor. Uma ingekho nhlobo i-voltage, siphinde sihlole amasekhethi amandla. Udinga futhi ukuhlola wonke ama-diode we-high voltage rectifier.
11. Ngokukhanya okunamandla kwesibani, nqamula ngokushesha i-TV kunethiwekhi. Sihlola zonke izinto zikagesi futhi.

I-Samsung UA32EH4003 TV yokulungisa ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi: https://youtu.be/uGYd3hE8Zfw Indlela yokuxilonga ukwehluleka kokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi we-TV isinyathelo nesinyathelo nokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani le divayisi kuchazwe kule vidiyo yokuqeqesha: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v =daXMYuZ1CXg Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikagesi kuma-TV: https://youtu.be/yru9PNAKAkE Ukwehluleka kokuphakelwa kukagesi kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuhluleka kwe-TV. Ukuqondiswa imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ungenza ukulungisa ngokwakho. Uma kungekho umkhuba okwanele nolwazi lwethiyori, kungcono ukuxhumana ngokushesha nesitolo sokulungisa ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu.