Iyiphi ikhebula yesitsha sesathelayithi ongakhetha kuyo nokuthi ungayibheka kanjani ngaphambi kokuthenga

I-TV yesathelayithi ingafinyelela emakhoneni acashile kakhulu eplanethi, lapho kungekho khona abahlinzeki abavamile nemibhoshongo yokusakaza. Amasistimu ahlangene akhona afakwa noma kunini. Isitsha sesathelayithi sizonikeza isithombe esimibalabala nesicacile. Ukwamukela ngokuqiniseka kuncike kuzilungiselelo namathuluzi wobuchwepheshe. Ikhebula le “dish” liyakwazi kokubili ukuthuthukisa nokugcina izinkomba zekhwalithi, nokwehlisa amandla uma kwenziwa ukukhetha okungalungile.

Idivayisi yekhebula yesitsha sesathelayithi

Iyini inhloso yekhebula likamabonakude lesitsha sesathelayithi:

• ulethe isignali kusuka ku-antenna ku-TV ngokulahlekelwa okuncane;
• vikela ekuphazamiseni kwangaphandle kwe-electromagnetic;
• gcina ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo yemishini, ezimweni ezinzima zezulu.

Ikhebula le-coaxial libhekana nemisebenzi. Ifanele ukusakaza (ukwamukela nge-TV tower noma i-antenna yasendlini) kanye nesathelayithi. Ngakho-ke, akukho mehluko ekuklanyeni. Kusetshenziswa izinto ezahlukene kuphela. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3206″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”582″]
Isebenza kanjani intambo ye-coaxial[/caption]

1. I-conductive core (intambo emaphakathi). Yenziwe iphelele noma ingenalutho. Izinto ezibonakalayo ziyithusi, i-aluminium, insimbi kanye nama-alloys ahlanganiswe nesiliva.
2. I-Insulation (yangaphakathi). I-Dielectric.
3. Isikrini (i-aluminium foil). Ivikela ekuphazamisekeni kozibuthe kwangaphandle.
4. Umluko wethusi. Izici ezengeziwe zokuvikela.
5. Igobolondo langaphandle. Ukuvikelwa kumthelela wemishini nezinto zemvelo.

Izici eziyinhloko zentambo ye-coaxial yesitsha sesathelayithi

Njengomqhubi wesiginali kagesi, umkhiqizo unikezwe izici zobuchwepheshe nezomzimba.

Idayamitha yentambo emaphakathi

Imithetho yobunjiniyela bukagesi ithi amandla ashintshanayo asakazeka kakhulu endaweni yekhondakta. Amandla amancane kakhulu aseduze nendawo. Ngakho-ke, ukushuba kwe-conductive core, ukuncishiswa okuncane okuthinta ububanzi. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bocingo olumaphakathi lwe-antenna yethelevishini: 0.5-1 mm. Ukuze “ipuleti” udinga okungenani 1 mm. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3219″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”800″]
Ingqikithi emaphakathi[/caption]

I-impedance yamagagasi

Iyunithi yokulinganisa i-Ohms (Ohm). Kumabonakude kanye nezinti zesathelayithi, kusetshenziswa inani elingu-75 ohms. Lokhu ukuvimbela okokufaka kwesixhumi lapho ikhebula lixhunywe khona. Ukungahambisani kwezinombolo kuzoholela ekwehleni kwamandla amanje. Uma kungabikho ukumelana okulinganayo kwezintambo, kungenzeka ukuxhuma nezici ezihlukene phakathi kwamabanga amafushane. Ngokwesibonelo, endlini yangasese.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-coax

Isekelwe ekubukeni kwegagasi kagesi ngaphakathi kwekhebula. Amadayamitha we-central core kanye nesikrini akhethwa ngendlela yokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwesignali kuncishiswe. Umluko awuvumeli inkambu ukuthi idlulele ngale kwentambo, idale ukufana kwe-waveguide.

Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha ikhebula lokuxhuma isitsha sesathelayithi ku-TV

Isitsha sesathelayithi idivayisi yangaphandle. Ingxenye yolayini wekhebula ibekwe endaweni evulekile. Izici ezibalulekile zokukhethwa kwe-coax.

Impahla yegobolondo yangaphandle

Kunconywa isisekelo se-polyethylene, esingenakuthinteka kancane ezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi: isimo sezulu esibi, izinguquko zokushisa. Inguqulo yesabelomali ye-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride) ngeke ikusindise ekubukeni kwemifantu emakhazeni, ebhubhisa ukufakwa. Kamuva, umswakama ungena ngaphakathi, ubangele isifunda esifushane. Kuzokwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwezisetshenziswa. Abakhiqizi banikeza ama-coaxes ane-impregnation ekhethekile yezimo ezinzima.

Isakhiwo sokufakelwa kwangaphakathi

Ukusakazwa ngesathelayithi kunesici sokusakaza – umugqa wokubona oqondile phakathi komthombo wemisebe nothi kuyadingeka. Igatsha lesihlahla elinyakazayo, isakhiwo esiseduze, kanye neqhwa eliminyene eliwayo kungabangela izinkinga eziningi. Kubalulekile ukugcina izinga elikhona lokwamukela isignali bese uliletha kumamukeli. Ngaphezu kwesignali kamabonakude, imiyalo yokulawula isiguquli idluliselwa ngekhebula. Kufanele ukhethe umkhiqizo onesikrini sangaphakathi esikabili: i-braid (i-mesh) kanye nongqimba lwe-aluminium foil.

Ikhono lokugoba ikhebula

Akuvamile ukuthi kwenzeke ukubeka umugqa oqondile. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukunquma impendulo yocingo ekuphumuleni. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3207″ align=”aligncenter” width=”619″]
Ihlola ikhebula ukuthi inqamukile[/caption] Ikhona elicijile lomgodla ongaphandle libonisa ukuzinza okuphansi komshini. Izingxenye zangaphakathi zixhunywe ngokukhululekile ku-insulation. Ukuphuka okuyindilinga kubonisa amandla esakhiwo, ukusondelana kwezakhi zocingo komunye nomunye. Ubukhulu be-coax obujwayelekile besitsha sesathelayithi: 6mm.

Ilungiselela ikhebula ukuze ifakwe

Ongoti abanolwazi bathi ugesi uyisayensi yokuxhumana. Ukwephulwa kobuqotho bokuxhumana kwenza umsebenzi wokubeka umugqa ube yize.

Ungahlomisa kanjani ikhebula ukuze uxhumeke

Uma ibanga ukusuka kumamukeli kuya esitsheni sesathelayithi lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-10-15, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthenga isampula esenziwe ngomumo ngezixhumi. Uma kunesidingo, izixhumi ziyasetshenziswa. Othintwayo ongu-F wefomu elilandelayo ubekwa ekugcineni kocingo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3208″ align=”aligncenter” width=”350″]
F pin[/caption] Isixhumi simakwe (isibonelo): I-Plug
F (nati) ku-RG-6 (zinc) (F113-55). Inkomba eyinhloko: RG-6. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yakhelwe ikhebula le-RF elinobubanzi obungu-6 mm ngaphezu kwe-insulation yangaphandle. Indlela yokulungisa kahle isixhumi sika-F ku-coax iboniswa kuvidiyo: https://youtu.be/4geyGxfQAKg Ukuhlubula kwekhebula kwesitsha sesathelayithi:

Yini okufanele uyinake lapho ufaka umugqa wekhebula

Ngaphambi kokuthenga ucingo, udinga ukucacisa ubude bomzila, izigaba ezinzima.

Okubalulekile! Ukufakwa kufanele kwenziwe “phakade”, ngaphandle kokulungiswa okwengeziwe futhi kushiyelwe “kamuva”.

Kunconyiwe:

3. Gwema ukugoba okubukhali.
4. Uma uphuma odongeni uya emgwaqeni, yenza iluphu ebheke phansi. Umswakama ngesikhathi semvula uzoconsa, futhi ungangeni emgodini eduze kwegobolondo.
5. Uma ufaka ngohlaka lwefasitela lokhuni, bhoboza imbobo enkulu ngobubanzi (ngo-1 mm) kunobukhulu bekhebula.
6. Ungabhobozi uhlaka lwepulasitiki. Ngomklamo we-hermetic, isakhiwo singagcwaliswa ngegesi njengefasitela elicwebezeliswe kabili. Sebenzisa igebe phakathi kwewindi nodonga olugcwele igwebu elikhuphukayo. Ngokuvamile isiphetho esinjalo sitholakala ngaphansi kwefasitela.
7. Ngaphakathi, fihla izintambo ebhokisini lepulasitiki noma kumabhodi e-skirting aneziteshi zekhebula.
8. Ungabeki ndawonye nezintambo zikagesi, eduze kwemishini enamandla kanye nemishini. Lokhu kungaba umthombo wokugxambukela.
9. Izindawo zokuphuma eziya ezindaweni ezivulekile kufanele zivalwe. Imigqa endaweni engaphandle eqondile akufanele ihlehle noma inyakaze ngokukhululeka ezimeni ezinomoya.
10. Gwema ukuxhumana okuningi ngezixhumi noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.

Ungahlola kanjani ubuqotho bekhebula le-coaxial elibekiwe

Kwenzeka ukuthi ikhwalithi yesithombe yehlile, kukhona ama-ripples esikrinini,
imigqa enemibala, noma ukubola kwesithombe sibe izikwele ezincane. Ukuhlanekezela komsindo.

Ukuthola indawo yomonakalo kusetshenziswa okokusebenza okukhona

Amathuba okwenziwa kwasendaweni kwephutha ayanda ngokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yesignali eminingana. Izimbangela ezingaba khona zokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yesithombe noma ukulahleka kwesignali kuxoxwa ngakho ngokomsebenzi kuvidiyo: https://youtu.be/gYy2R_1W9Zs Uyibheka kanjani ikhebula lesitsha sesathelayithi: https://youtu.be/pmQ9oOzqoYo Ngemva kokuthola indawo eyonakele, indawo engokoqobo. ukuhlolwa kwekhebula kuyenziwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ephathekayo

Uzodinga umhloli wasekhaya (i-multimeter) ekuvumela ukuthi ubuke (ngokuzwakalayo) unqume ubuqotho bomongo omaphakathi kanye nokungabikho kwesiyingi esifushane ngesikrini.
Inqubo yokuhlola izigaba eziningana ezilandelanayo kuthelawayeka:

1. Nqamula (khulula) intambo endaweni yokukhuluma eseduze kakhulu negumbi.
2. Hlukanisa izixhumi, ukhulule izikrini nama-core cores.
3. Lungiselela idivayisi ukukala ukumelana (ngokwemiyalelo).
4. Hlola umugqa obheke othini. Namathisela ama-probe ku-central core kanye ne-metal braid. Okubalulekile. Abaqhubi akumele bathinte. Uma ingqikithi isesimweni esihle, idivayisi izobonisa inani elingelona elilodwa, kodwa hhayi uziro. Uma kuvaliwe, ukufundwa kuzovama ku-zero (noma kubonise u-0), futhi kuzovela isignali ye-acoustic (uma idizayini yedivayisi ihlinzeka). I-multimeter ngeke isabele ekhefu, ishiya inani elingu-1 lingashintshiwe.
5. Ngokufanayo, hlola ucingo ekuqondeni kwekamelo. Ikhebuli eya kumamukeli kufanele ixhunywe.

Isibonelo socingo siyaphakanyiswa kuvidiyo: https://youtu.be/k0fS-doHtDY

Izinhlobo ezidumile zekhebula le-coaxial lesitsha sesathelayithi

Phakathi kwe-assortment kukhona kokubili isabelomali nemikhiqizo ebizayo. Iyiphi ikhebula elungele “isitsha”? Uhlolojikelele lwemiklamo edumile, kanye nezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.

I-RK-75

Ikhebula elivamile lasekhaya.
Ingxenye yesiphambano yocingo oluphakathi ihluka phakathi kwamamitha-skwele angu-0.75-1.63. mm, i-polyethylene foam igobolondo langaphandle. Izinzuzo:

• ukukwazi ukukhokhela;
• izimo zokusetshenziswa: -/+ 60 gr. KUSUKA.

Amaphutha:

• izinketho ezinesikrini esilukiwe sesendlalelo esisodwa zingenzeka.

RG-6U

Ukukhiqiza China. I-analogue ye-RK-75. I-Copper central conductor (1 mm) noma i-copper-plated steel core.
Izinzuzo:

• ukuzivikela kabili;
• kububanzi befrikhwensi kufika ku-3 GHz (amashaneli okusakaza ngesathelayithi).

Amaphutha:

• Ukufakwa kwangaphandle kwe-PVC kufanelekile kuphela ekubekweni kwangaphakathi kwethrekhi.

I-SAT-50

Uhlobo lwase-Italy lwe-coax. Ukwenyuswa kwezakhiwo zokukhwelisa ukude. Isikrini esikabili, umgogodla wethusi owugqinsi ongu-1 mm.
Izinzuzo:

• ikhebula lengxenye yentengo emaphakathi enezici ezithuthukisiwe;
• imigomo yokusetshenziswa ilungele izifunda eziningi zaseRussia.

Amaphutha:

• igobolondo elithambile (lihlehla ebangeni elikhulu phakathi kwamaphoyinti okunamathiselwe).

I-SAT-703

I-analogue ethuthukisiwe ye-SAT-50. Ububanzi bengqikithi emaphakathi: 1.13 mm. Ukulahlekelwa okuncishisiwe ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwesignali ebangeni elide.
Izinzuzo:

• ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezinzima;
• ukubeka ubude kusuka kumamitha angama-50.

Amaphutha:

• ubuncane bokugoba ububanzi bungama-35-40 mm.

I-DG-113

Ochwepheshe bayimaka njengehamba phambili ebangeni lokusakaza ngesathelayithi. Izici zokuvikela zesikrini zisondele ku-90 dB, okuqeda ngokuphelele umthelela wokuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle.
Izinzuzo:

• ukuqina, ukwethembeka
• ukuzivikela ezimweni ezinolaka;
• ukunciphisa isignali kancane.

Amaphutha:

• intengo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Yimuphi umongo ongcono: ithusi noma insimbi? I-Copper ine-conductivity kagesi engcono kakhulu. I-conductor ephakathi ingase ibe yeminye ingxubevange. Lokhu akuphazamisi ukusebenza, ngoba i-copper sputtering isetshenziswa phezulu.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezintambo ezine-insulation yangaphandle emnyama nokumhlophe? Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa ukuthi ikhebula elikhanyayo lihloselwe izintambo zasendlini, ezimnyama – ezindaweni zangaphandle. Imikhiqizo yesimanje ayihambisani nokuhlukaniswa okunjalo. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole lapho uthenga.
Umdayisi uthe ikhebula “imvamisa ephansi”, kusho ukuthini lokhu? Izici ze-conductive zomongo zizonciphisa iziteshi zesathelayithi zamabhendi aphezulu.
Kungenzeka yini ukuxhuma ikhebuli engu-50 ohm uma ingekho intambo engu-75 ohm?Ebangeni elincane (kufika kumamitha ayi-10) phakathi kwesitsha sesathelayithi kanye nomamukeli kuvunyelwe. Izinga lesiginali lincike ezintweni eziningi. Ukukhetha okulungile kwekhebula kunomthelela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwama-amplifiers lapho ufaka umugqa.