I-antenna ye-Parabolic – izisekelo zohlelo lokusebenza, ukuhlanganisa nokufaka

I-antenna ye-parabolic emithonjeni yesayensi ingabizwa ngokuthi i-parabolic reflector noma i-reflector antenna. Lena idivayisi yezobuchwepheshe eyakhelwe ukuqoqa amandla. Uma ingena kuyo, igagasi lendiza liguqulwa libe yindilinga futhi ligxiliswe endaweni okugxilwe kuyo. Inqubo yokuhlehla ingenzeka futhi, lapho amagagasi ayindilinga eguqulwa abe amaza endiza. Lokhu kudinga izinhlobo eziguquguqukayo nezinhlobo zocingo, okuncike enjongweni ehlosiwe kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa.

Izicelo Ezivamile

Enkulumweni ye-colloquial, imiqondo yesathelayithi ne-parabolic antenna iyahlonzwa, kodwa ochwepheshe kuphela abaziyo ukuthi iyini nokuthi kungani idivayisi enjalo idingeka, esicini sochwepheshe esincane. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemishini eklanyelwe ukwamukela isignali evela kwelinye lamasathelayithi amaningi azungeza uMhlaba. I-antenna ye-parabolic uhlobo olulodwa lwedivayisi eyamukelayo enokwehluka kwayo okuhlukile. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3294” align = “aligncenter” wide = “691”]
I-antenna ye-parabolic ivamise ukuhlotshaniswa nesathelayithi [/ caption] Ukuba khona kwabo kungenxa yesidingo sokwamukela umabonakude, amasignali omsakazo noma ukunikeza ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi. Ukusebenza kungagxilwa kancane noma endaweni yonke, kunikeze ukuxhumana, izikhungo zokuxhumana zasemkhathini namanethiwekhi, ukuqondisa okubuthakathaka kusetshenziselwa ukuzulazula kwesathelayithi kanye namafoni afanayo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3290″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”540″]
Iphethini ye-antenna e-Parabolic[/caption]

Umlando wemvelaphi nentuthuko

G. Hertz wasebenzisa izibonisi ze-parabolic emsebenzini wakhe wokuhlola. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, wasungula uthi olunesimbobo esingaphezu kwemitha, olusebenza ngamaza achazwe ngokuqinile. Ngomshini owamukelayo nowudluliselayo ayenawo usosayensi, wafakazela ukuba khona kwamaza kagesi owabikezelwa uMaxwell. Kwabe sekuqala inkathi yokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa okungokoqobo:

1. Ekhulwini lokuqala lesithathu lekhulu lamashumi amabili, uG. Marconi, umsunguli wase-Italy, wakwazi ukudlulisela uphawu esikebheni esasintanta olwandle, ebangeni elide ukusuka ogwini.
2. Ngemva konyaka, kwasetshenziswa ithuluzi elifanayo ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhumana kwerediyo yomsakazo kuyo yonke i-wide strait.
3. G. Grote wakha i-PA yokuqala enkulu futhi ngosizo lwayo wayehlanganyela ekutadisheni izinkanyezi. Ububanzi be-reflector abuzange budlule ngisho namamitha ayishumi.
4. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwaqala umsebenzi ohlosiwe wokuthuthukisa ama-radar, okwanikeza umfutho onamandla ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamadivayisi, kwaholela ekuveleni kohlobo olusha lwe-antenna olufakwe imidwebo yomkhakha.

Qaphela! Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, i-USSR ne-USA zakha izinhlobo ezintsha zedivayisi, lapho ububanzi besibuko baqala khona ukufinyelela amamitha angu-60-100. Manje asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa idatha, ukuthuthukiswa okuphakade kanye nentuthuko entsha yososayensi yehlise isidingo sezakhiwo ezinkulu ezifika kumamitha ayi-1.5 noma amashumi amasentimitha.

Izinhlobo nezici zokuklama

Ama-reflector antenna akuzona kuphela, kodwa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwama-antenna aqondisayo. Zisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zeziteshi. Usayizi, umklamo kanye nezinto zokwakha zincike emisebenzini kanye nenjongo. Izibuko zenziwe ngensimbi noma i-aluminium alloys ene-conductivity kagesi.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, zenziwe ngezinhlanganisela noma ngisho namapulasitiki, kodwa kusafanele kube khona indawo ekhanyayo – futhi iyaguquguquka. Imeshi yensimbi noma i-foil, upende osebenza ngogesi ungasetshenziswa. Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo:

• i- axisymmetric , enezibuko esisodwa noma ezimbili, ezilinganayo noma ezine-counter-reflector, ukugxila kwendandatho;
• offset , enqunywe esibukweni se-parabolic, ngephethini yemisebe eguquliwe;
• I-HEADLIGHTS, noma ama-antenna afakwe ngezigaba , avela kuma-emitters amaningana, anezinhlobo eziguquguqukayo zezimpondo (umdweshu, ukusunduza noma isikhala);
• isiqondiso esibuthakathaka , nephethini ebanzi yemisebe, naphezu kokushiyeka okuthile, ukusebenza ngamasathelayithi abonwa ngokubonakalayo futhi okungadingi ukuqondiswa okwengeziwe;
• igagasi elihambayo – lithuthukisiwe (uma liqhathaniswa nokungaqondile, kodwa lisebenza ebangeni lemitha noma ledesimitha).

Qaphela! Ukukhethwa kwesitsha sesathelayithi sokwamukela amasignali we-TV kufanele kuchazwe ngokucatshangelwa okuningana – impahla (ukumelana namathonya angaphandle, lapho ibekwe emoyeni), uhlobo lwesibonisi kanye nekhwalithi yaso, inani labaguquli nokuthi banamathiselwe kanjani. Isimo esibalulekile yikhwalithi, amandla kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3284″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”800″]
Izinhlobo zezimpondo ze-parabola[/caption]

Isicelo kanye Nomhlangano

Noma iyiphi idivayisi yobunjiniyela bomsakazo esetshenziswa njenge-emitter noma umamukeli iyingxenye ephilayo yesistimu nenye yezinto zayo eziyisisekelo. Imiyalo yokuzenzela incike ohlotsheni olukhethiwe, usayizi kanye nenjongo ehlosiwe. I-antenna yesibuko inezinzuzo ezibalulekile – isebenza kububanzi obuhlukene. Amadivayisi anjalo asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi lomsindo. I-Parabolic – ummeleli wabo ojwayelekile kakhulu. Ubulula bedivayisi akusho ukuthi uma uyenza ngokwakho, awudingi ukucabangela izidingo ezithile ze-oda ngalinye. Ulwazi olujwayelekile kakhulu lukuvidiyo engezansi: https://youtu.be/6Cku8eGomec Ububanzi bepuleti ebangeni elithengisiwe busuka ku-55 cm ukuya ku-80, futhi lokhu akuyona intokozo eshibhile. Izingcweti zasekhaya zinikeza imiyalelo eminingi enemininingwane yokwenza izimpondo, kanye nendlela yokufaka nokulungisa: kusukela ekukhethweni kwesayithi, ukubala kuya ekusethweni kokugcina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuboniswa ukuthi noma iyiphi ikhithi kufanele ibe nezingxenye eziningi. Ezinye zazo zingenziwa endaweni yokusebenzela encane, zithengwe ngokwehlukana esitolo esikhethekile, noma zithengwe njengekhithi (hhayi yonke into enganeliseka lapho ngokwekhwalithi noma izakhiwo, kepha iphuma ishibhile ngale ndlela, futhi yonke into ivela. umkhiqizi oyedwa). [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3289” align = “aligncenter” wide = “585”] uthenge esitolo esikhethekile ngokwehlukana noma uthenge njengesethi (lapho, akuzona zonke izinto ezingakufanela ngokwekhwalithi noma izakhiwo, kodwa ziphuma zishibhile ngale ndlela, futhi konke kuvela kumkhiqizi oyedwa). [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3289” align = “aligncenter” wide = “585”] uthenge esitolo esikhethekile ngokwehlukana noma uthenge njengesethi (lapho, akuzona zonke izinto ezingakufanela ngokwekhwalithi noma izakhiwo, kodwa ziphuma zishibhile ngale ndlela, futhi konke kuvela kumkhiqizi oyedwa). [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3289” align = “aligncenter” wide = “585”]
Amandla ancike kanjani kububanzi bothi [/ amazwibela]

Okubalulekile! Isethi ihlanganisa isidlo sesibuko, umamukeli (uhlobo lwayo luncike ezinhlosweni ezilandelwayo), kodwa inhloso enkulu ukuthola nokuguqula isignali kusuka ku-satellite kuya kusikrini se-TV, ngendlela yesithombe, iziguquli ezintathu ezihlinzeka ngasikhathi sinye. ukwamukela okuvela kumasathelayithi amathathu, izixhumi (ngokuvamile zivela ezincazelweni, njenge-multifeed),
ikhebula , izixhumi zokuhlanganisa kanye nokukhwezwa kwe-antenna kwangempela.

Lapho ukhetha indawo yokufaka i-antenna enjalo, okuthandwayo kunikezwa ohlangothini oluseningizimu noma oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba wonke amasathelayithi atholakala ku-geostationary orbit ukusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Uma kungekho amafasitela abheke eningizimu, khona-ke okuwukuphela kwenketho esele ukufakwa ophahleni.

Akuvunyelwe ukufaka i-antenna ngaphansi kwe-ebb yophahla.

I-antenna ifakwe nge-engeli engaba ngu-25 °, okungukuthi, ibukeka iphansi kancane, njengasesithombeni:
Lapho uhlela i-antenna, i-azimuth ebalwe kahle izoba usizo olukhulu. Ukuze unqume i-azimuth, sebenzisa ikhampasi kazibuthe. Iqondaniswe ngokuqondana nomhlaba ukuze isungule indlela eya enyakatho. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhetha noma iyiphi into yephoyinti lokubhekisela. Idigri ibalwa ngokwehlukana kwekhampasi ngokwewashi (kusuka kuziro, ukuya emugqeni oxhuma nento ekhethiwe). Yile ndlela i-azimuth magnetic ibalwa ngayo. Ukwehla kazibuthe kwesifunda esithile kuyengezwa noma kukhishwe kumphumela otholiwe. Ukuze ushune uthi, sebenzisa inguqulo ekhethekile yohlelo lwe-SATTV.
Ngemva kokuyifaka endleleni ethi C:\Program Files\SATTV 2.0\Zone, izisekelo zayo zizoqukatha izindlela eziya ezindaweni ezimbozwa ngesathelayithi. Ukufakwa kwekhithi eqediwe kuhle kakhulu ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo enamathiselwe. Ngokuvamile ipuleti ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele, futhi ngemva kwalokho baqhubeka nokufaka. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ubakaki wensimbi oqinile oqondile, ozokuvumela ukuthi unganciki ezimweni zezulu futhi ungalahlekelwa ikhwalithi yesithombe. Ukucushwa okunembile kwamakhanda nokuxhumana kwawo okulungile kusiwishi kuyadingeka ukuze kufane nezilungiselelo zokushuna kanye noxhumo oluku-antenna. Ukuhlanganisa, ukufakwa kanye nokulungiselela i-antenna ye-parabolic ukuze uthole isignali yesathelayithi: https://youtu.be/XNk-KTjEgEY

Izimpawu zama-reflector antenna

Ukusetshenziswa kwezimpondo ze-parabolic kuzenze zaba ingxenye ebalulekile hhayi yasemadolobheni kuphela, kodwa nendawo yasemaphandleni. Kodwa lokhu akubangelwa nje ukusabalala kwethelevishini yesathelayithi. Zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-radar, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, ukudluliselwa komsakazo, isathelayithi kanye ne-interspace, zisetshenziswa emisebenzini yezibonakude zomsakazo. Izici eziyinhloko zedivayisi ewusizo ububanzi bephethini yemisebe, ukuma kwayo, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuzuza, indawo ephumelelayo, njalonjalo. Cabangela eziyinhloko:

• i-irradiator (1 noma ngaphezulu), yakha iphethini;
• ububanzi be-beam bunqunywa umsebenzi oyinhloko – ukwamukela noma ukudluliswa, kukhona amafomula akhethekile alokhu;
• Ukusebenza kahle kungase kuncike ezicini zokuklama (isibuko esingaqinile, i-mesh esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isisindo noma ukunciphisa ukumelana nesimo sezulu).

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3288” align = “aligncenter” wide = “572”]
I-Parabolic antenna focus [/ amazwibela] Isitsha sesathelayithi esenziwe ekhaya singenziwa ngezindlela eziningi – ukunamathiswa ngesisekelo sikakhonkolo, kusuka esambulela esidala ne-aluminium foil (kudingeka i-amplifier enamandla), kusuka eshidini lensimbi elincanyana, kusuka ku-plexiglass. futhi ngisho kusukela ngocingo. Kuvidiyo, inkosi yembula izimfihlo zokwenza isitsha sesathelayithi ngezandla zakhe: https://youtu.be/HBkfdb6rK2E Okubonakala kulula ezincazelweni zabadwebi, empeleni, kudinga amakhono athile omsebenzi, amathuluzi kanye nesikhathi samahhala. Amadivayisi enziwe ekhaya ashibhile, kodwa ikhwalithi yesithombe esikusikrini se-TV ayihlali ifinyelela izinga elifunekayo. Lapho uthenga ikhithi esenziwe ngomumo, udinga ukuchaza ngokucacile hhayi indawo kuphela, kodwa futhi nemingcele. Kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia, ububanzi obuncane banele ukuthola iziteshi ngazinye,