Nibihe bikurikirana bya TV ya digitale: icya mbere, icya kabiri n’icya gatatu multiplex hamwe na frequency muri 2025

Mu mpeshyi ya 2019, televiziyo ya analogue yahagaritse gukora muri Federasiyo y’Uburusiya. Yasimbuwe na tereviziyo ya kijyambere igezweho
. Reka turebere hamwe uburyo amajwi ya videwo na kodegisi hamwe nogukoresha ikoranabuhanga bikora, bigufasha kureba imiyoboro myinshi ndetse no mu mfuruka zidashoboka cyane mu gihugu, tekereza kuri tereviziyo ya tereviziyo ya digitale nuburyo bwo kuyishiraho.

Umuyoboro

Multiplex ikunze kwitwa tereviziyo na radio byahujwe hamwe numubare umwe wa digitale. Iyi miyoboro ya tereviziyo na radiyo ivanze (multiplexed) kandi ikanyuzwa mu nzira idasanzwe yo gutwara abantu. Ku gikoresho cyakira (
sisitemu yo hejuru-isanduku , umurongo wa digitale yubatswe muri TV), baratandukanye (demultiplexed).
Kubijyanye na tereviziyo ya tereviziyo ya televiziyo, itumanaho rikorwa kuri radiyo imwe. Ipaki irashobora gushiramo imiyoboro yuburyo butandukanye (SD, HD, 3D). Byakozwe n’amasoko atandukanye (amasosiyete ya TV na radio, abakora, abatanga, nibindi), mugihe ibiganiro byerekana, subtitles, teletext, umuyobozi wa TV, nibindi byoherezwa.

Imiyoboro ya tereviziyo ya Digital i Moscou no mu turere tw’Uburusiya

Inzira ebyiri zigizwe n’imikorere isanzwe ikorera ku butaka bw’Uburusiya, multiplex ya gatatu irategurwa gutangira. Buri paki yahawe inshuro runaka murwego rwa decimeter. Ikoranabuhanga rikuraho ihuriro ryimigezi itandukanye yumuraba wegeranye kugirango wirinde ingaruka. Ubwiza bwo gutangaza DTV buguma kurwego rwo hejuru, tutitaye kubintu nka:

• ibikorwa by’izuba;
• imvura n’ibindi bihe by’ikirere;
• ubushyuhe;
• ubuhehere;
• igihe cy’umunsi n’umwaka.

Imiyoboro ya tereviziyo ya digitale yashyizwe muri multiplex yambere (RTRS-1)

Porogaramu iteganijwe hamwe nu Burusiya bwose, rusange, televiziyo na radiyo yubuntu. Ibirimo bigamije guha abaturage amakuru akomeye mu mibereho byemejwe na Perezida w’Uburusiya mu mpeshyi ya 2009. Ukurikije gahunda ya tekiniki, blok ya mbere ifite ibipimo bikurikira:

• ihererekanyabubasha rikorwa kuri decimeter waves 470-862 MHz;
• uburyo bwo gutangaza amakuru – DVB-T2;
• nta gushishoza;
• imiterere yo gutangaza – SDTV.

Ukurikije aho akarere gaherereye, multiplex ya mbere irashobora gutambuka kuri imwe mumirongo yavuzwe haruguru. Kurugero, i Moscou no mukarere ka Moscou – iyi ni 546 MHz.

Urutonde rwimiyoboro yambere ya digitale:

• Iya mbere;
• Uburusiya;
• Umukino;
• NTV;
• umuco;
• Umuyoboro wa 5;
• Uburusiya 24;
• Carousel;
• OTR;
• TVC.

TV ya Digital i Moscou – imirongo yimiyoboro 50: https://youtu.be/tmxAS7znLjA

Igice cya kabiri (RTRS-2)

Guhagarika hamwe na Rusiya yose hamwe na tereviziyo ya rubanda hamwe na radio yumutungo, ikwirakwizwa ryayo kubuntu biterwa nuwabikoze. Imiyoboro ya paki ya kabiri irashobora gutangwa, harimo no kwiyandikisha kwishura.

Igice cya kabiri cya digitale gifite ubuhanga bwa tekinike busa na multiplex ya mbere. Mu karere ka Moscou, nk’urugero, isakara ku muhengeri ufite umurongo wa 498 MHz.

Urutonde rwimiyoboro yemejwe na Roskomnadzor:

• Ren TV;
• Yakijijwe;
• STS;
• Urugo;
• TV-3;
• Isi;
• Ku wa gatanu;
• Inyenyeri;
• TNT;
• Muz TV.

Ubuntu bwa TV yubuntu, fungura multiplex ya kabiri: https://youtu.be/dvuCpScsId8

Igice cya gatatu (RTRS-3)

Imurikagurisha ryatangajwe mu 2020. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, urutonde rumaze kwemezwa, ariko mu gihugu cyose hamwe na RTRS-3 hari byinshi bidasobanutse, urugero, imiyoboro n’amasosiyete azabigiramo uruhare, niba byose bizishyurwa cyangwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe bizaba yatanzwe kubuntu, yagabanijwe inshuro zo kohereza, nibindi n. Urutonde rushoboka:

• Umubumbe wanjye;
• Cartoon;
• Ikirusiya cyiza cyane;
• Igihugu;
• Sundress;
• Icyizere;
• Parike yo kwidagadura;
• Ubumenyi;
• Disney;
• TV yo mu gikoni.

https://youtu.be/PAUCVor-SUw

Imiyoboro ya DVB-T2

Ku butaka bw’Uburusiya, televiziyo yo ku isi ikora ku miyoboro ya 21 – 69, mu murongo wa radiyo ikora kuva 470 kugeza 862 MHz. Ubugari bwumugezi ni 8 MHz kandi mubyukuri ibyanyuma birimo imiyoboro 48 cyangwa umubare usa na multiplexes.

Imirongo ya tereviziyo ya digitale irashobora gutandukana bitewe nakarere n’umubare wiminara mukarere runaka. Kurugero, mukarere ka Tula, ibyo nibigo 24 byohereza hafi 100% byubutaka kandi bikoresha imirongo itandukanye.

Gushiraho TV cyangwa
sisitemu ya sisitemu-isanduku yo hejuru kumugezi runaka bikorwa ukurikije ikarita yakarere ka DTV mukarere kawe. Ibi bikorwa mukwinjiza inshuro cyangwa umuyoboro ukwiye muburyo bwo gushakisha.
Ni kangahe televiziyo ya digitale itangaza kuri:

Shakisha umuyoboro wumurongo wo kureba televiziyo ya digitale mukarere kawe, gukwirakwiza no kugwiza
Multlex kumikoro ya rtrs.ru. Iyo ugiye kurubuga, uzahita wimurirwa mukarere kavukire. Andi makuru ajyanye na tereviziyo yo ku isi mu karere kanyu nayo irahari hano.

Kwihuza no gushiraho

Guhuza no gushyiraho tereviziyo ya digitale ntibisaba ubumenyi nubuhanga budasanzwe. Niba ukoresha TV igezweho, birashoboka cyane ko isanzwe ifite ibyuma byubaka, ariko niba TV yawe ari moderi ishaje, ugomba kugura agasanduku ka DVB-T2. Usibye uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo guhuza,
antenne ikorera murwego rwa UHF irakenewe.

Guhuza TV hamwe na tuneri yubatswe

Moderi nyinshi za TV zigezweho zimaze kugira DVB-T2 yakira digitale. Urashobora kubona amakuru yukuri kubijyanye nigitabo cyabakoresha kuri TV yawe. Guhuza TV hamwe na tuneri yubatswe igizwe nintambwe zikurikira:

1. Huza antenne icomeka kuri sock ikwiye kumwanya wa TV. Niba bishoboka, shyira antenne hafi yidirishya rishoboka, uyihindure werekeza kumunara wohereza.
2. Sock ya antenna yagenwe nka RF IN. Noneho urashobora gufungura TV hanyuma ugahuza imiyoboro ya digitale.

Guhuza intoki imiyoboro ya sisitemu: https://youtu.be/BAtDLqBGlOk

Guhuza sisitemu igizwe na top-top agasanduku kuri TV idafite tuner

Mu byakira televiziyo bishaje, nta module ya DVB-T2 ihuriweho. Kubwiyi mpamvu, uzakenera hanze ya
sisitemu yo hejuru-isanduku . Mubirango byinshi byubwoko bwibikoresho, bizwi cyane ni:

• D-ibara;
• Lumax;
• agashusho.

Igiciro cyo gushiraho-isanduku iratandukanye kuva ku bihumbi 1 kugeza ku bihumbi 5, bitewe no kuboneka cyangwa kutagira imirimo yinyongera muri yo. Kugirango uhuze na TV ishaje, imashini iyo ari yo yose ya DVB-T2 ifite ibisohoka RCA (“tulip”) irakwiriye.

Amabwiriza yo guhuza:

1. Huza ibisohoka bya digitale ya top-top agasanduku no kwinjiza TV hamwe numuyoboro wa RCA. Huza antenne icomeka kuri sock ikwiye kumwanya wakira DVB-T2. Niba bishoboka, shyira antenne hafi yidirishya hanyuma uyihindure werekeza kuri tereviziyo.
2. Antenna jack kumasanduku yashyizwe hejuru yagenwe nka RF IN, naho umuhuza wa RCA kumyakire na TV byanditseho Video na Audio. Ihuza rikorwa cyane ukurikije ibara ryerekana ibara ryibintu bihuza, nyamara, kubijyanye numuyoboro wamajwi, kubahiriza ntabwo ari ngombwa cyane. Noneho urashobora gufungura ibikoresho hanyuma ugakomeza kuboneza.

Gushiraho ibyuma

Gushiraho tereviziyo ya digitale iramanuka cyane cyane gushakisha no guhindura imiyoboro. Byombi mumasanduku yo hejuru no muri TV hamwe na DVB-T2 module ihuriweho, ibi biroroshye gukora muburyo bwikora. Gushiraho amabwiriza:

1. Jya kuri menu ya TV cyangwa digital set-top box. Nigute ushobora gukora ibi bigomba kwerekanwa mubitabo byabakoresha ibikoresho byawe. Jya kuri tab “TV” hanyuma utangire gushakisha byikora.
2. Hitamo “DTV” cyangwa “ATV na DTV” ukurikije icyitegererezo cy’agasanduku kawe cyangwa TV. Igikorwa cyo gusikana no gushiraho imiyoboro kizatangira.

Analog yo ku isi TV ni ikintu cyahise. Ku butaka bw’Uburusiya, multiplexes ebyiri zifite tereviziyo 20 na radiyo 3 za radiyo zimaze gukora, zivuga kuri radiyo 470-820 MHz. Bashobora kwakirwa kuri TV iyo ari yo yose yubatswe cyangwa hanze ya DVB-T2 module.