Federal State Unitary Enterprise Space Communications: matimu na ntshembo wa nhluvukiso, nhlengeleto wa tinyeleti wa sathelayiti

Mabindzu ya Vun’we ya Mfumo wa Federal “Vuxaka bya le Xibakabakeni” (GP KS), eng. Khamphani ya Vuhlanganisi bya Sathelayiti ya le Rhaxiya (RSCC) i mufambisi wa vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti wa mfumo wa laha kaya, webusayiti ya ximfumo https://www.rscc.ru/. Ntirho wo tlula 50 wa malembe:
Yi na n’wini wa tinyeleti letikulu ta tisathelayiti ta geostationary etikweni – switirhisiwa swa 12, xikan’we na 5 wa tisenthara ta vuhlanganisi bya le xibakabakeni leti simekiweke ehansi leti kumekaka eka swifundzha swo hambana swa tiko. Leswi swi pfumelela RSCC ku nyika vukorhokeri bya misava hinkwayo na ku nyika tinxaka hinkwato ta vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti ku nga ri ntsena eka vatirhisi va le Rhaxiya, kambe na le ka tinhlengeletano leti humaka ematikweni ya le handle ya 58.

Matimu ya nhluvukiso

Matimu ya FSUE “Space Communications” ya sungule hi 1957, hi ku rhumeriwa ka sathelayiti yo sungula ya Soviet eka ku rhendzeleka ka misava. Hi va-1960, vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti byi endliwe hi xihatla eSoviet Union. Kutani, hi 1965, sathelayiti ya Molniya-1 yi rhumeriwe eka orbit leyi nga ni xivumbeko xa elliptical swinene, leyi hi ku pfuniwa hi yona ku hleleriwe vuhaxi byo ringeta bya minongonoko ya thelevhixini ni minhlangano ya riqingho. Naswona endzhaku ka malembe ya 2, switichi swa le hansi swa 20 swa Orbita a swi tirha etikweni, leswi endleke leswaku swi koteka ku endla leswaku vuhaxi bya thelevhixini hi ku tirhisa sathelayiti nkarhi na nkarhi.

November 4, 1967 – siku ro sungula ku haxiwa ka thelevhixini ka nkarhi hinkwawo hi ku tirhisa sisiteme ya sathelayiti “Orbita” – ri tekiwa tanihi siku ra ku velekiwa ka RSCC. Hambileswi xileriso xa ximfumo xo vumbiwa ka “Xitichi xa Vuhlanganisi bya le Xibakabakeni” xi humesiweke hi Ndzawulo ya Vuhlanganisi ya Soviet endzhaku ka lembe. Naswona nhlangano lowu wu kume xiyimo xa bindzu ra vun’we ra mfumo wa federal hi April 2001.

Minkarhi ya nkoka ku suka eka matimu ya RSCC:

• 1976 – ku sunguriwa ka sathelayiti yo sungula emisaveni hinkwayo ya vuhaxi byo kongoma “Ekran”;
• 1980 – nhlengeletano ya vuhaxi bya sathelayiti bya Tiolimpiki ta le Moscow;
• 1998 – ku sungula ka ntirhisano na muendli wa laha kaya wa thekinoloji ya le xibakabakeni NPO PM na khamphani ya le Furwa ya Alcatel eka vuhumelerisi na mphakelo wa mindzhwalo ya tisathelayiti ta xivumbeko lexintshwa xa Express-A;
• 2000 – ku rhumeriwa ka tisathelayiti timbirhi ta Express-A eka orbit, ku sungula ka ku pfuxetiwa ka nhlengeleto wa tinyeleti ta sathelayiti ya le Rhaxiya;
• 2009 – eka Samiti ya Matiko ya Misava ya Paris eka Vuhlanganisi bya Sathelayiti, RSCC yi amukerile xiyimo xa mufambisi wa sathelayiti wa xifundzankulu lonene wa lembe;
• 2014 – 2015 – ku rhumeriwa ka tisathelayiti letintshwa ta nkombo ta nxaxamelo wa Express-A eka ku rhendzeleka, ku engeteleka ka xitirhisiwa xa nhlengeleto wa tinyeleti wa sathelayiti ya laha kaya hi minkarhi ya 2.5;
• 2017 – WTA yi katsa FSUE “Space Systems” eka ntlhanu wa titeleport leti kulaka hi xihatla emisaveni hinkwayo na le ka TOP-20 ya vafambisi lavakulu va sathelayiti emisaveni.

Sweswi, GP KS se yi le ka TOP-10 ya vafambisi lavakulu emisaveni. Vufambisi bya khamphani byi vula leswaku xikongomelo xa yona xa maqhinga i ku tinyungubyisa hi ndhawu eka tikhamphani ta ntlhanu ta le henhla ta sathelayiti ta misava hinkwayo. Naswona xikongomelo lexi xa fikeleleka swinene, tanihileswi namuntlha FSUE “Space Systems” yi nga muphakeri wa vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti eka matiko ya 58 yo hambana ya misava. Download Nongonoko wa Nhluvukiso wa Vutshila bya Tisisiteme ta le Xibakabakeni ta FSUE: Nongonoko wa Nhluvukiso wa Vuhlanganisi bya le Xibakabakeni wa FSUE

Rungula ra xisekelo malunghana ni khampani

Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Vuxaka bya le Xibakabakeni” yi tirha hi ku ya hi tilayisense ta mfumo:

• No. 928K – ya ku tirhisiwa ka migingiriko ya le xibakabakeni;
• 181604 – ya mphakelo wa vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi eka ndhawu ya Russian Federation;
• 140430 – ya mphakelo wa vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi bya vuhaxi bya le moyeni eka ndhawu ya Russian Federation.

Kambe! Nxaxamelo lowu heleleke wa tilayisense leti tirhaka ta nhlangano wu nga kumeka eka webusayiti ya wona ya ximfumo, eka xiyenge xa ​​”Khamphani” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#documents.

Ku hlayisa matirhelo ya switichi swa le hansi na ku akiwa ka switirhisiwa leswintshwa, RSCC yi tlhela yi endla ntirho wo aka na ku dizayina. Ku fikelela leswi, khamphani yi joyinile swiyenge swa tinhlengeletano leti ti tilawula NP ProektSvyaz Telecom na NP StroySvyaz Telecom. Tinhlengeletano leti ti na mpfumelelo lowu lavekaka eka ntirho wo dizayina na ku aka xiphemu xa mali.

Nkoka! Xiphemu lexi pfumeleriweke xa FSUE “Space Systems” i 100,097,000 wa ti-ruble.

Hofisi-nkulu ya GP KS yi kumeka eMoscow eka adirese leyi nge Nikoloyamsky per., 3a, building 1. Ku engetela eka yona, khamphani yi na marhavi ya 5 (na wona i tisenthara ta vuhlanganisi bya le xibakabakeni) na senthara ya xithekiniki. Tiadirese ta vona:

• senthara ya xithekiniki Shabolovka – Moscow, st. Shabolovka, 37 muako wa 6;
• CKS Dubna – xifundzha xa Moscow, Dubna, st. Alexandrovka wa malembe ya 43;
• CKS Zheleznogorsk – Xifundzha xa Krasnoyarsk, Zheleznogorsk, st. Krasnoyarskaya, u file hi lembe ra 4A;
• CKS Bear Lakes – xifundzha xa Moscow, xifundzha xa Schelkovsky, ximutana. Mativa ya Bere, p / o “Mativa ya Bere”;
• CKS Skolkovo – xifundzha xa Moscow, xifundzha xa Odintsovo, ximutana. Marfino, xihlangi xa Skolkovskoe, 1;
• CKS Khabarovsk – Xifundzha xa Khabarovsk, xifundzha xa Khabarovsk, na. Sergeevka, 21st km ya gondzo lerikulu ra Sarapul, No. 7.

Kambe! U nga kambela tinomboro ta riqingho ta marhavi ya RSCC na swiyengentsongo swa nhlangano eka webusayiti ya wona ya ximfumo, eka xiyenge xa ​​”Vuxaka” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#contacts.

Ku sukela hi Nhlangula 2021, Aleksey Konstantinovich Volin u vile CEO wa FSUE Kosmicheskaya Svyaz. Loko a nga si thoriwa, u tirhile eka mfumo wa Rhaxiya ku ringana kwalomu ka khume ra malembe tanihi Xandla xa Holobye wa Nhluvukiso wa Dijitali na Vuhlanganisi bya Tiqingho na Vuhangalasi bya Mahungu. Ntirho lowukulu wa Volin hi nkarhi lowu a ku ri ku hundzisela vuhaxi bya thelevhixini ya le Rhaxiya ku suka eka xivumbeko xa analog ku ya eka xivumbeko xa xidijitali.
Huvo leyi fumaka ya nhlengeletano yi tlhela yi katsa:

• Xandla xo Sungula xa Mulawuri-Jenerali – Yury Valentinovich Prokhorov;
• Xandla xo Sungula xa Mulawuri-Jenerali – Ganin Alexander Anatolyevich;
• Xandla xa Mulawuri-Jenerali wa Nhluvukiso na Matirhelo ya Tisisiteme ta Vuhlanganisi – Evgeniy Buidinov;
• mukongomisi wa matirhelo ya nhlengeleto wa tinyeleti lowu rhendzelekaka – Gruzintsev Evgeny Vladimirovich;
• mukongomisi wa ndhawu ya mavhengele Shabolovka – Yakovlev Alexander Viktorovich;
• mukongomisi wa CKS Dubna – Duka Alexander Petrovich;
• Mulawuri wa CSK Mativa ya Bere – Artemyev Valery Ivanovich;
• mukongomisi wa CKS Khabarovsk – Kovalenko Viktor Vasilyevich;
• mukongomisi wa CKS Skolkovo – Krylov Alexander Mikhailovich;
• Mulawuri wa CKS Zheleznogorsk – Muratov Rais Vasilyevich.

Vunyingi bya vayimeri va vatirhi lavakulu va RSCC va na dyondzo yo hlawuleka na ntokoto wo anama eka xiyenge xa ​​vuhlanganisi bya riqingho na vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti, masagwadi ya mfumo na tidigiri ta dyondzo. Download tsalwa ra Vuhlanganisi bya Ndhawu ya Mabindzu ya Vun’we bya Mfumo wa Federal: Tsalwa ra GP KS

Nxaxamelo wa vukorhokeri lebyi nyikiwaka hi FSUE “Space Systems”.

Nxaxamelo wa vukorhokeri bya FSUE “Space Systems” wu katsa:

• vuhaxi bya thelevhixini ya xidijitali na xiya-ni-moya – vuhaxi bya federale na byo kongoma, nhlengeletano ya ku rhwariwa ka TV, mphakelo wa pulatifomo ya thekinoloji eka vahaxi;
• vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi – mphakelo wa xitirhisiwa xa sathelayiti, ku katsa na mfikelelo wa sathelayiti ya broadband, ku hirhisa tindlela ta vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti na ta misava, netiweke ya VSAT, vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi eka swikepe;
• vulawuri na vulawuri bya tisathelayiti ;
• nhlengeletano ya mfikelelo wa Inthanete ya broadband .

Vuswikoti bya khamphani ya sathelayiti byi yi pfumelela ku nyika vukorhokeri ku nga ri ntsena eRhaxiya hinkwaro, kambe na le matikweni man’wana ya misava. Naswona netiweke ya VSAT leyi akiweke hi RSCC yi hlanganisa hi ku helela mati ya malwandle ya Arctic na Atlantic, Mediteraniya, N’walungu, Japani, Caspian, Baltic, Okhotsk na malwandle hinkwawo ya le n’walungwini lama hlambisaka Rhaxiya, ku katsa na Ndlela ya Lwandle ra le N’walungwini.

nhlengeleto wa tinyeleti wa sathelayiti

Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Space Systems” yi na nhlengeleto lowukulu wa tinyeleti wa sathelayiti eRhaxiya, lowu vumbiwaka hi mimovha ya 12. Tisathelayiti ta geostationary ta RSCC ti tirha eka ti bands ta C, Ku, Ka na L. kufika eka 140° E, leswi pfumelelaka ku hlanganisa ndzhawu hinkwayo ya Russian Federation, xikan’we na matiko ya CIS, Middle East, Europe, ndzhawu ya Asia-Pacific, Afrika, Australia na North na South America.

Switirhisiwa swa le hansi ka misava

FSUE “Space Systems” yi na switirhisiwa swo anama swa le hansi, leswi katsaka 5 wa tisenthara ta vuhlanganisi bya le xibakabakeni na xitichi xin’we xa sathelayiti. Xiphemu xa le xikarhi xa fambiselo leri i senthara ya xithekiniki ya Shabolovka, leyi hlanganisaka CKS ni xitichi xa vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti ni tisenthara to cinca-cinca ta le Rhaxiya ni ta matiko hinkwawo eMoscow. Mintirho leyikulu ya senthara ya Shabolovka :

• ku vumbiwa, nhlengeletano, ku lulamisiwa, ku fometa na ku cinca ka tichanele ta xidijitali na tindlela;
• ku hlayisiwa ka xiphemu xa misava xa vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti;
• ku hlayisiwa ka tinetiweki ta vuhlanganisi ta SE CC;
• ku hlayisiwa na vufambisi bya tinetiweki ta khamphani hi yoxe;
• ku hlanganisiwa ka vatirhisi eka vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi.

CKS Dubna yi simekiwile hi 1980, naswona namuntlha i teleport leyikulu swinene eka Russian Federation naswona yi katsiwile eka European TOP ya ti teleport letikulu swinene. Swi hlomisiwe hi:

• 24 wa switichi swa misava swa transceiver leswi nga na ti-antenna ku suka eka 2.4 ku ya eka 32 wa timitara to hlela tindlela ta vuhlanganisi;
• 27 wa switichi swa misava swa transceiver swa vulawuri bya swihahampfhuka swa le xibakabakeni na telemetry;
• 11 wa switichi swo pima na ku veka tihlo;
• 2 wa tilayini ta vuhlanganisi bya fibre optic leti tiyimeleke ta 20 Gbps;
• 4 wa swidyelo swa voltage ya le henhla.

ZKS Zheleznogorsk yi tirha tanihi ndhawu yo tiya ya xiphemu xa le vuxeni xa FSUE “Space Systems” satellite constellation. Ntirho wa yena wu sungule hi 2004. MCC yi lawula no languta tisathelayiti leti kumekaka kusuka eka 32° kuya eka 154° E. Swi hlomisiwe hi:

• 10 wa switichi swo pima swileriso na telemetry swo amukela telemetry, ku kumisisa ndhawu ya swihahampfhuka swa le mpfhukeni na ku swi lawula;
• 7 wa switichi swo pima na ku veka tihlo;
• 3 wa switichi swa misava swa transceiver ku nyika vuhlanganisi exikarhi ka ti-MCC;
• 4 switichi swa vuhlayiselo swo amukela na ku amukela-ku hundzisela swa nhlengeletano ya vuhaxi bya thelevhixini na xiya-ni-moya eSiberia na le Vuxeni bya le Kule;
• 5 switichi swo amukela na ku amukela-ku hundzisela ku nyika vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi eka vatirhisi;
• 2 wa tilayini ta vuhlanganisi bya fibre optic;
• 2 wa swidyelo swa voltage ya le henhla.

CKS Bear Lakes yi simekiwile hi 1967. Namuntlha yi tirha tanihi pulatifomo ya mphakelo wa vukorhokeri bya thelevhixini na vuhlanganisi bya riqingho eka vaxavi va SE CU. Nakambe ensin’wini ya senthara ku ni senthara ya ku tshikilela ya le ndzhaku, leyi ntirho wa yona ku nga ku tiyiseka leswaku ku haxiwa ka thelevhixini ku ya emahlweni loko ko tshuka ku va ni ku tsandzeka ka switirhisiwa eShabolovka.
CKS Skolkovo yi simekiwile hi December 2003. Ntirho wa yona lowukulu i ku tiyisisa matirhelo ya tipulatifomo ta sathelayiti ta mabindzu, xikan’we na ku amukeriwa ka datha ku suka eka tisathelayiti eka arc ku suka eka 27° W. ku fika eka 102°E Ku endla leswi, senthara leyi yi na:

• 8 wa switichi swo amukela-ku hundzisela swa migerho yo tala;
• 33 wa ti-antena to amukela leti nga cinciki na leti nga kongomisiwa nakambe ku suka eka 2.5 ku ya eka 6.3 wa timitara;
• Xitichi xa vulawuri bya vuhlayiselo bya xihahampfhuka xa le xibakabakeni;
• 2 wa tilayini ta vuhlanganisi bya fibre optic leti tiyimeleke.

TsKS Khabarovsk – teleport leyikulu swinene e Far East – yi simekiwile hi 2004. Mintirho ya yona yi katsa ku hlela tichanele ta vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti, nseketelo wa vuhaxi bya thelevhixini na xiya-ni-moya na tinetiweki ta VSAT. Ku fikelela leswi, xivandla lexi xi hlomisiwile hi switichi swa 20 swa swihundzisi swa vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti leswi nga na ti-antenna ku suka eka 2.4 ku ya eka 9 wa timitara, xikan’we na switirhisiwa swa telemetry, swikambelo swa orbital, vulawuri bya ndzhwalo wa transponder ya sathelayiti. Xitichi xa vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti Vladimir hi 1971, naswona hi 2009 xi hundzile ehansi ka vulawuri bya GP KS. Yi tirhisiwa ku endla mintirho leyi landzelaka:

• mphakelo wa vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti eka C-, Ku- na L-bands;
• mphakelo wa vuhlanganisi bya riqingho;
• nseketelo wa tichanele ta vuhaxi bya TV na xiya-ni-moya;
• mphakelo wa vuhlanganisi bya mfumo bya tiselfoni;
• vulawuri na vulawuri bya telemetric bya tisathelayiti ta nxaxamelo wa Express-AM eka xiyimo xo suka eka 20° W. ku fika eka 103°E

Xisweswo, switirhisiwa swa le hansi swa FSUE “Space Systems”, swi hlanganisiwile na vuswikoti bya nhlengeleto wa yona wa sathelayiti, swi pfumelela khamphani ku nyika vukorhokeri bya vuhlanganisi bya sathelayiti ku nga ri ntsena eka vatirhisi va le Rhaxiya etikweni hinkwaro, kambe na le ka vaxavi va le matikweni mambe.