Athini amafrikhwensi e-TV yedijithali: eyokuqala, eyesibili neyesithathu enamaza ngo-2025

Ehlobo lika-2019, ukusakazwa kwe-TV ye-analogue kwayeka ukusebenza eRussian Federation. Ithathelwe indawo ithelevishini yasemhlabeni yesimanje yesimanje
. Ake sibheke ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bomsindo nevidiyo bokufaka ikhodi kanye nokudlulisa busebenza kanjani, obukuvumela ukuthi ubuke iziteshi eziyishumi nambili ngisho nasemakhoneni ezwe okungafinyeleleki kuwo, cabanga ukuthi yiziphi amafrikhwensi we-TV yedijithali nokuthi ungawamisa kanjani.

I-Multiplexing yesiteshi

I-multiplex ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi iziteshi zethelevishini nezomsakazo ezihlanganiswe zibe ibhulokhi yedijithali eyodwa. Lawa mashaneli e-TV nerediyo axubile (ama-multiplex) futhi asakazwa ngokusakaza okukhethekile kwezokuthutha. Edivayisini eyamukelayo (
i-digital set-top box , ishuna yedijithali eyakhelwe ku-TV), ahlukaniswe (demultiplexed).
Endabeni yedijithali yethelevishini yamashaneli amaningi, ukudluliswa kwenziwa ngefrikhwensi eyodwa. Iphakheji ingase ihlanganise amashaneli amafomethi ahlukene nekhwalithi (SD, HD, 3D). Zakhiwa imithombo ehlukahlukene (izinkampani ze-TV nezomsakazo, opharetha, abahlinzeki, njll.), kuyilapho kusakazwa imifudlana, imibhalo engezansi, i-teletext, i-TV guide, njll.

Amafrikhwensi kamabonakude wedijithali eMoscow nasezifundeni zaseRussia

Imifudlana emibili ene-multiplexed isivele isebenza endaweni ye-Russian Federation, i-multiplex yesithathu ilungiselelwa ukwethulwa. Iphakethe ngalinye linikezwe imvamisa ethile ebangeni lamagagasi edesimitha. Ubuchwepheshe buqeda ukuphambana kwemifudlana ehlukene yegagasi eliseduze ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthonyana. Izinga lokusakaza kwe-DTV lihlala lisezingeni eliphezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izici ezifana nalezi:

• Umsebenzi welanga;
• imvula nezinye izimo zezulu;
• izinga lokushisa;
• umswakama;
• isikhathi sosuku nonyaka.

Amafrikhwensi kamabonakude wedijithali afakwe ku-multiplex yokuqala (RTRS-1)

Iphakethe eliphoqelekile elinawo wonke ama-Russian, umphakathi, ithelevishini yamahhala nezinsiza zomsakazo. Okuqukethwe okuklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka umphakathi ngolwazi olubalulekile emphakathini kuvunywe uMongameli Wenhlangano YaseRussia ehlobo lika-2009. Ngokusho kohlelo lobuchwepheshe, ibhulokhi yokuqala inamapharamitha alandelayo:

• ukudluliswa kwenziwa ngamagagasi e-decimeter 470-862 MHz;
• izinga lokusakaza – DVB-T2;
• akukho ukubethela;
• ifomethi yokusakaza – SDTV.

Ngokuya ngendawo yendawo, i-multiplex yokuqala ingase isakazwe kwenye yamafrikhwensi angenhla. Ngokwesibonelo, eMoscow naseMoscow esifundeni – 546 MHz.

Uhlu lwamashaneli ephakheji yokuqala yedijithali:

• Okokuqala;
• eRussia;
• Ukufanisa;
• I-NTV;
• isiko;
• Isiteshi 5;
• Russia 24;
• I-carousel;
• I-OTR;
• I-TVC.

I-TV yedijithali eMoscow – amaza eziteshi ezingama-50: https://youtu.be/tmxAS7znLjA

I-multiplex yesibili (RTRS-2)

I-block enezinsiza ze-TV kanye nomsakazo womphakathi wonke waseRussia kanye nomsakazo, ukusatshalaliswa kwawo mahhala kuncike ku-opharetha. Iziteshi zephakheji yesibili zinganikezwa, okuhlanganisa nokubhaliselwe okukhokhelwayo.

Iphakethe lesibili ledijithali linezici zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-multiplex yokuqala. Esifundeni saseMoscow, ngokwesibonelo, isakazwa ngegagasi elinemvamisa ye-498 MHz.

Uhlu lwamashaneli agunyazwe yiRoskomnadzor:

• Ren TV;
• Ilondoloziwe;
• I-STS;
• Ikhaya;
• I-TV-3;
• Umhlaba;
• NgoLwesihlanu;
• Inkanyezi;
• I-TNT;
• Muz TV.

I-TV yedijithali yamahhala, vula i-multiplex yesibili: https://youtu.be/dvuCpScsId8

I-multiplex yesithathu (RTRS-3)

Ukwethulwa kwamenyezelwa ngo-2020. Kwezinye izifunda, uhlu seluvunyelwe kakade, kodwa ezweni lonke nge-RTRS-3 kunezingqinamba eziningi, isibonelo, yiziphi iziteshi nokuthi yiziphi izinkampani ezizofakwa kuwo, noma ngabe zonke zizokhokhelwa noma okuqukethwe okuthile kuzokhokhwa. kusatshalaliswa mahhala, amaza abiwe okudlulisela, njll. n. Uhlu lweziteshi okungenzeka:

• Iplanethi yami;
• Ikhathuni;
• umthengisi waseRussia;
• Izwe;
• I-Sundress;
• Ukuzethemba;
• Iphaki lokuzilibazisa;
• Isayensi;
• I-Disney;
• I-TV yasekhishini.

https://youtu.be/PAUCVor-SUw

DVB-T2 ishaneli digital amaza

Ezweni laseRussia, ithelevishini yedijithali yasemhlabeni isebenza eziteshini 21 – 69, kubhendi yefrikhwensi yokusebenza kusuka ku-470 kuya ku-862 MHz. Ububanzi bokusakaza bungu-8 MHz futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi yakamuva iqukethe amashaneli angu-48 noma inombolo efanayo yama-multiplex.

Amafrikhwensi kamabonakude wedijithali angahluka kuye ngendawo kanye nenani lemibhoshongo endaweni ethile. Isibonelo, esifundeni saseTula, lezi yizikhungo zokudlulisela ezingu-24 ezihlanganisa cishe i-100% yendawo futhi zisebenzisa amafrikhwensi ahlukene okudlulisela.

Ukusetha i-TV noma i
-digital set-top box yokusakaza okuthile kwenziwa ngokuya ngemephu yendawo ekhavayo ye-DTV esifundeni sakho. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokufaka imvamisa efanele noma isiteshi kumodi yokusesha.
Iyiphi imvamisa ithelevishini yedijithali esakaza kuyo:

Thola amaza eziteshi zokubuka umabonakude wedijithali endaweni yangakini, ukusakazwa nokusekela okuphindaphindwayo
kusisetshenziswa se-rtrs.ru . Uma uya kusayithi, uzodluliselwa ngokuzenzakalela endaweni yangakini. Olunye ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nomabonakude wedijithali wasemhlabeni endaweni yangakini luyatholakala lapha.

Uxhumano nokusetha

Ukuxhuma nokumisa ithelevishini yedijithali akudingi ulwazi olukhethekile namakhono. Uma usebenzisa i-TV yesimanje, cishe isivele ineshuna yedijithali eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, kodwa uma i-TV yakho iyimodeli ephelelwe yisikhathi, kuzodingeka uthenge ibhokisi lokusetha eliphezulu le-DVB-T2. Ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi inketho yokuxhuma, i-
antenna esebenza ebangeni le-UHF iyadingeka.

Ukuxhuma i-TV ngeshuna eyakhelwe ngaphakathi

Amamodeli amaningi ama-TV esimanje asevele anesamukeli sedijithali se-DVB-T2 esihlanganisiwe. Ungathola ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nalokhu encwadini yomsebenzisi ye-TV yakho. Ukuxhuma i-TV ngeshuna eyakhelwe ngaphakathi iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Xhuma ipulaki ye-antenna kusokhethi elifanele kuphaneli ye-TV. Uma kungenzeka, faka uthi eduze kwefasitela ngangokunokwenzeka, ulujikisele ngasembhoshongweni wokudlulisa.
2. Isokhethi ye-antenna iqokwe njenge-RF IN. Manje ungavula i-TV futhi ushune amashaneli edijithali.

Ukushuna mathupha kweziteshi zedijithali: https://youtu.be/BAtDLqBGlOk

Ukuxhuma ibhokisi le-digital set-top box ku-TV ngaphandle kweshuna

Kuzamukeli zikamabonakude eziphelelwe yisikhathi, ayikho imojula yedijithali edidiyelwe ye-DVB-T2. Ngalesi sizathu, uzodinga ibhokisi langaphandle le-
digital set-top box . Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zalolu hlobo lwemishini, ezidume kakhulu yilezi:

• D-umbala;
• I-Lumax;
• iconbit.

Izindleko zebhokisi le-set-top zihluka kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1 kuye kwezingu-5, kuye ngokuthi kukhona noma ukungabikho kwemisebenzi eyengeziwe kuyo. Ukuze uxhume ku-TV endala, noma yisiphi isamukeli se-DVB-T2 esinokuphuma kwe-RCA (“tulips”) sifanelekile.

Imiyalo yokuxhumana:

1. Xhuma okukhiphayo kwe-digital set-top box kanye nokokufaka kwe-TV ngentambo ye-RCA. Xhuma ipulaki ye-antenna kusokhethi elifanele kuphaneli yesamukeli se-DVB-T2. Uma kungenzeka, faka uthi eduze kwefasitela bese ulubhekisa ngakwesikhungo sikamabonakude.
2. Ujeke we-antenna ku-set-top box ikhethwe njenge-RF IN, futhi izixhumi ze-RCA kukho kokubili isamukeli ne-TV zilebulwe ngokuthi Ividiyo Nomsindo. Uxhumano lwenziwa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nokumaka kombala wezakhi zokuxhuma, noma kunjalo, esimweni seziteshi zomsindo, ukugcinwa kwayo akubalulekile kangako. Manje ungavula okokusebenza futhi uqhubekele ekucushweni kwayo.

Ukusethwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha

Ukusetha umabonakude wedijithali kwehla ikakhulukazi ekusesheni nasekuhleleni amashaneli. Kokubili ku-set-top box naku-TV enemojuli edidiyelwe ye-DVB-T2, lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukwenza ngemodi ezenzakalelayo. Imiyalo yokusetha:

1. Yiya kumenyu ye-TV noma ye-digital set-top box. Indlela yokwenza lokhu kufanele ikhonjiswe kubhukwana lomsebenzisi lemishini yakho. Iya kuthebhu “TV” futhi wenze kusebenze ukusesha kwesiteshi okuzenzakalelayo.
2. Khetha “i-DTV” noma “i-ATV ne-DTV” kuye ngemodeli yebhokisi lakho eliphezulu noma i-TV. Inqubo yokuskena nokufaka iziteshi izoqala.

I-Analog terrestrial TV yinto yesikhathi esedlule. Ensimini yaseRussia, ama-multiplex amabili edijithali aneziteshi zethelevishini ezingu-20 neziteshi zomsakazo ezi-3 sezivele zisebenza, zisakazwa ngamaza angama-470-820 MHz. Angatholwa kunoma iyiphi i-TV ngemojula eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma yangaphandle ye-DVB-T2.