Ikhadi elihlakaniphile le-TV yedijithali: ikhwalithi yokusakaza kwedijithali kudivayisi eyodwa

Iziteshi eziningi zekhebuli nezesathelayithi zitholakala kuphela ngemva kokukhokha. Ukuze kube lula ukususa ukubethela kokuqukethwe okubhalwe ngekhodi, abahlinzeki basebenzisa amakhadi ahlakaniphile (ahlakaniphile), axhunywe kuma-TV ngokuqondile ngesixhumi noma nge-adaptha ekhethekile. Bahlinzeka ngokuqukethwe kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Liyini ikhadi elihlakaniphile futhi lisetshenziswa kanjani ekubukeni i-TV yedijithali?

Ikhadi elihlakaniphile likamabonakude wedijithali (i-DTV) yikhadi elincane lepulasitiki lapho kushunyekwa khona i-microcircuit enamasekhethi kagesi ahlanganisiwe. Amamodeli amaningi ale divayisi ane-microprocessor ekwakhiweni kwawo, kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ekhethekile elawula idivayisi futhi ehlala ilawula ukufinyelela ezintweni ezigciniwe. Amakhadi ahlakaniphile okuthola ukusakazwa kwedijithali ngamadivayisi anikeza ukufinyelela eziteshini ezihlukahlukene ezikhokhelwayo, iphakheji yazo ekhethwa ngumsebenzisi. Ngenxa yabo, isithombe sicacile futhi siyakhanya: babamba amasiginali okusakazwa kwe-TV ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ngakho isikrini asicwayizi futhi imibala ayigezwanga. Ikhadi elinjalo lingatholakala kumhlinzeki wakho kokubili i-satellite kanye nethelevishini yekhebula. Ilogo yenkampani isetshenziswa ohlangothini lwayo olungaphambili, kanye ne-chip ye-elekthronikhi ilungisiwe, ukugcina amakhodi okufinyelela ngendlela ebethelwe. Inombolo yomuntu siqu, kanye nezinhlelo zamakhodi ezihlukene zabahlinzeki, zinomthelela ekwehliseni okukhulu ubungozi bokugebenga ukufinyelela eziteshini ezikhokhelwayo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_1293” align = “aligncenter” wide = “716”]
Ikhadi elihlakaniphile le-MTS TV [/ amazwibela]

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amakhadi e-SMART

I-Smartcard inohlu olulandelayo lwezinzuzo:

1. Ikhono lokukhetha ngokuzimela uhlu lweziteshi ezikhokhelwayo okudingeka ukufinyelela kuzo.
2. Ukuthola ukufinyelela njalo ekusakazeni kwedijithali kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ebonakala ngokucaca okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokungabikho okuphelele kokuphazanyiswa nokuhlanekezela – isithombe sitholakala ngomsindo omuhle nokukhanya.
3. Uma kunesidingo, ungakhubaza futhi uxhume iziteshi ezithile ze-TV ezikhokhelwayo.
4. Bonke abasebenzisi bathola inguqulo yombhalo yohlelo lwe-TV lwamafilimu nezinhlelo, olusakazwa kusikrini se-TV (lo msebenzi uncike kumhlinzeki nemodeli yemishini).

Isetshenziswa kanjani ikhadi elihlakaniphile kumabonakude

Ukuze usebenzise ikhadi elihlakaniphile lomhlinzeki oyedwa noma omunye wethelevishini yedijithali nekhebula, awudingi ukuba namakhono akhethekile: okokuqala udinga ukulifaka ku-slot eyakhelwe leli khadi ngqo noma ebhokisini elikhethekile le-TV set-top box. , bese ulungisa idivayisi ngokwemiyalelo.

Ukuze lisebenze kahle futhi lisebenze kahle ikhadi, kubalulekile ukuqapha hhayi kuphela ukusebenza kwedivayisi yokufinyelela ngokwayo, kodwa futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iphakheji yesevisi ikhokhwa ngesikhathi. Uma kungenjalo, isistimu ingase iphahlazeke.

Wonke amakhadi ahlakaniphile abahlinzeki abawanikeza amakhasimende abo ahlukile, okwenza kungenzeki nhlobo ukuwashintsha ngamanye amakhadi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amakhadi abhalisiwe kuphela futhi acushiwe, lapho kungekho khona umonakalo obonakalayo. Ngale ndlela, ubunzima bokuvimbela ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe kweziteshi ezikhethiwe ze-TV ezikhokhelwayo bungagwenywa.

Izifundi zamakhadi ahlakaniphile

I-smart card reader iyisisetshenziswa esiklanyelwe ukufunda nokuhlehlisa ukwaziswa okuqukethwe kulelo khadi. Amamodeli wakamuva mahle kakhulu ekufundeni amakhadi ahlakaniphile asuselwa ku-crypto- kanye ne-microprocessor-based. Ngokusho kokusebenza nezici zobuchwepheshe, izinhlobo ezimbili zamadivayisi zihlukaniswa:

1. Othintana naye – lawa amadivayisi asetshenziswa ezimeni lapho ukusebenza kudinga ukuvikelwa kolwazi oluthembekile.
2. Amakhadi ahlakaniphile angenakuxhumana angamadivayisi avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi badlulise ulwazi ngamasignali omsakazo.

Abahlinzeki be-TV yekhebula nesethelayithi bahlinzeka kakhulu ngamamodeli angathintwa, amandla awo anele ukufunda ngokushesha kanye nokuqoshwa kolwazi okulandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa kunezifundi zohlobo lokuxhumana. Phela, idatha idluliselwa ngamasignali omsakazo ebangeni elide. Ngakho-ke, ngekhadi elilodwa kuphela elihlakaniphile, ungabuka ama-TV amaningana atholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zendlu. https://youtu.be/s5eb2kQeQEo

Isifundi sekhadi elihlakaniphile

Amamodeli e-TV akamuva anezixhumi ezinikelwe ze-CI/PCMCIA zemojula ye-CAM. Nokho, kumamodeli amadala, udinga ukuthenga isamukeli esikhethekile (set-top box), esixhunywe ku-TV kusetshenziswa intambo.

Liyini ikhadi elihlakaniphile elisetshenziselwa i-TV yedijithali

Ithelevishini yedijithali ngokwayo ibhekwa njengekhwalithi ephezulu, ngakho-ke abantu abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa izitsha zesathelayithi ezivamile kuphela ukuze bathole amasignali. Nokho, iziteshi eziningi ezithakazelisayo zingamakhodi akhokhelwayo noma avikelwe. Kulokhu, ukufinyelela kubo kunikezwa ngenxa yekhadi elihlakaniphile elikhethekile, elithengwa ngokwehlukana kubahlinzeki.

Abahlinzeki bekhadi le-Smart: Tricolor, NTV-Plus nabanye

Namuhla, abathandi besathelayithi nethelevishini yekhebula banethuba lokuzikhethela umhlinzeki ezinkampanini eziningi. Okukhulu kubo kufaka i-Tricolor, i-NTV-Plus, i-MTS.

Inkampani ehlinzeka nge-Tricolor inikeza amakhadi ahlakaniphile anikeza ukufinyelela kumaphakheji eziteshi eziningana:

1. “Basic” – 25 iziteshi izinkomba ezahlukene. Le phakheji ithengeka kakhulu futhi ithandwa kakhulu;
2. “Ubunye” – kuhlanganisa 217 iziteshi (yesifunda kanye federal, ezikhethekile kakhulu, zomculo, zesayensi kanye nabanye abaningi);
3. “Izingane” – inikeza ukufinyelela kuziteshi ze-federal nezifunda ezingu-17 ezinezinhlelo zezingane kanye nezithombe zopopayi;
4. “I-Ultra HD” – yenza kutholakale iziteshi ezi-4 ezikhethekile;
5. “Ibhola Lethu”, kanye ne “Match Football” – iziteshi ezi-2 nezi-6, ngokulandelana;
6. “Ubusuku” – iziteshi ezingu-9 ezine-erotica.

Abahlinzeki be-NTV-Plus bahlinzeka ngamakhadi ahlakaniphile anolwazi olubhalwe ngekhodi kusetshenziswa isistimu ye-VIAccess. Le chip yenza iziteshi eziningi zedijithali zitholakale. Amakhasimende anethuba loku-oda amaphakheji ajwayelekile aneziteshi ze-TV zamanje nezinezihloko.

Omunye wabahlinzeki yi-opharetha yeselula i-MTS – inikeza amakhasimende ayo uxhumano lwenani elikhulu leziteshi ngekhadi elihlakaniphile elinesistimu yekhodi ye-IDRETO.

Ikhadi kanye ne-CAM-module angathengwa esaluni yokuxhumana ye-MTS noma i-odwe ku-inthanethi. Ukuze kube lula insizakalo, inkampani ihlinzeka ngamaphakeji amaningana eziteshi ze-TV, okuhlanganisa “Okuyisisekelo” namashaneli avamile nanezihloko. Ungakwazi futhi uku-oda iphasela elinamashaneli esathelayithi angaphezu kuka-190 kulo mhlinzeki.

Ama-opharetha we-TV wekhebula nesathelayithi ahlinzeka ngamakhadi ahlakaniphile kuwo wonke amakhasimende anentshisekelo, enze inombolo yomuntu ngamunye yawo. Ngakho-ke, ababukeli bathola ukufinyelela inombolo enkulu yeziteshi ze-TV ezinokusakazwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa le divayisi esikhundleni sezinti noma izitsha ze-TV zesathelayithi. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namadivayisi nezici zezilungiselelo zawo kule vidiyo: