How to choose an active and passive home theater subwoofer

Today we will talk about a speaker system that reproduces the lowest-frequency sounds in a home theater system – about a subwoofer. We will tell you about the types and technical characteristics of devices, describe the most successful models, share instructions for connecting, configuring, and even assembling a subwoofer yourself.

Subwoofer: concept and purpose in home theater

A subwoofer is a device that reproduces sounds of the lowest frequency – from 5 Hz (that is, including infrasound). At the same time, it is not an independent speaker, but supplements the audio system.

Note! Low-frequency sounds are poorly localized, that is, it is difficult to determine the sound source by ear. For this reason, we recommend installing only one subwoofer in a multi-way stereo system. This configuration will save space and reduce the overall cost of your speaker system without sacrificing sound quality. Subwoofers, as a rule, are used in those stereos that are designed for watching movies filled with special effects; as well as listening to modern bass-rich music. At the output, we get a more voluminous and realistic sound. The
subwoofer is installed together with the front speakers [/ caption]

Types of subs used in home theaters

In relation to the audio amplifier, woofers are divided into active and passive.

1. An active subwoofer, also known as a subwoofer, is distinguished by the presence of a built-in power amplifier and an active crossover. That is, it unites those devices that are found separately. Such a subwoofer has line outputs and inputs, and can receive a signal with already cut high frequencies, that is, line level. In this case, a crossover filter is not needed. Most active subwoofers also have additional options to adapt to conditions.
2. In turn, the passive speaker is not equipped with a power amplifier. And connects to an external amplifier or main stereo speakers in parallel. The main disadvantage of such switching is the additional load on the output amplifiers, which sometimes reduces the overall sound pressure. In turn, the passive crossover from the amplifier to the main speakers also negatively affects the acoustic properties. The passive subwoofer is “demanding” to install, and does not have auxiliary adjustment options.

The amplifier must be more powerful than a passive subwoofer by at least 10-15 percent of the declared power (plus speakers).

Specifications worth paying attention to

When choosing a subwoofer, we pay attention to the fundamental technical characteristics of the device:

1. One of the most important is the frequency range . The output power is conventionally divided into several octaves, namely deep bass (20 – 40 Hz), medium (40 – 80 Hz) and high (80 – 160 Hz). At the same time, the range of most models is 40 – 200 Hz. Frequencies from 5 Hz are reproduced only by single models.
2. The next parameter is the maximum sound pressure , in other words, the maximum sound volume of the subwoofer.

Interesting to know. The lowest level perceived by a person is called the threshold of hearing. Its value is 0 dB. The uppermost one is the pain threshold – 120 dB.

1. Subwoofer sensitivity is the ratio of the average sound pressure to the power of 1 W and a distance of 1 m. Generally, the higher the sensitivity (dB), the better the speaker system sounds.
2. Crossover crossover frequency . Here we understand the frequency at which the signal division occurs. For example, if the crossover frequency is 90 Hz, then all the components of the signal with a frequency range of 20 – 90 Hz will be fed to the subwoofer, in turn, the signal with frequencies above the specified value – to the main speaker systems.
3. Subwoofer diameter . The design of the subwoofer enclosure also largely determines the acoustics of the device. There are 3 main types of subwoofer dynamic head design – band pass, closed and bass reflex. Each type has its own advantages and some disadvantages.

Bass reflex sub [/ caption]

Criterias of choice

It would seem that the more expensive and larger the subwoofer, the better. But the choice is not so obvious. Speaking about the selection criteria, it is important to take into account the purpose and place of using the sub.

Choosing a subwoofer for the room

When choosing a subwoofer to complement a home theater system, consider the size of the room. If we are talking about a standard room, the average area of ​​which is 15 – 20 sq. m., a low-frequency speaker from the same line as the entire DK system is quite suitable. This is usually a subwoofer with a diameter of 8 to 10 inches. If the task is to sound a larger hall, from 40 sq. m, it is recommended to purchase several devices. The size of the subwoofer also matters. It may seem a little strange, but the last few hertz of the frequency range will cost the most. Therefore, it is not cheap to create a suitable sound pressure in a large room.
It is more difficult to choose a high-quality subwoofer for a home theater for a larger room [/ caption] How to choose a subwoofer for speakers by power, by Thiel-Small parameters, by the size of a room or house: https://youtu.be/oJ2upiYojto

Parameters for choosing a subwoofer for a car

The choice of a subwoofer for a car also has a number of nuances. And first of all, we look at the size of the device. Typically, the optimum speaker diameter is 8-12 inches, which equals 200 and 300 mm, respectively. In this case, we get a good sound and eliminate the “jitter” effect. The material from which the body is made is also taken into account. The best option is durable and lightweight aluminum, covered with sound-absorbing felt. In addition to this, we pay attention to the presence of rubberized suspensions, which are responsible for anti-nuclear properties and ensure sound quality.
High-quality sub in a car [/ caption] The next selection criterion is power. Here we distinguish the nominal power, that is, the real efficiency of sound reproduction; and maximum power. By maximum we mean the power of a short signal that the subwoofer can withstand without damage. When choosing a subwoofer for a car, pay attention to the nominal value. The optimal value for a car interior is 150-300 watts.

Note! In some device compositions, the maximum amplifier power exceeds that of the subwoofer. Therefore, listening to music at full volume is not recommended.

Note. Some users also install a home theater subwoofer in their car. Please note that in this case, the desired output power may not be obtained. The home subwoofer speaker system is also not designed to be used in an environment of constant vibration and shock. How to choose, connect and configure a subwoofer from a home theater to a car without an amplifier: https://youtu.be/yp6WCDOFAf0

TOP-3 budget sub models for building a home theater – rating of the best

Now let’s take a look at the top budget subwoofer models.

• Mission MS -200 . The average cost is 13 thousand rubles.

A great option for a small room. The case design of this model is quite standard. Its dimensions are 39 cm * 36 cm * 37 cm. Made of high quality MDF, finished with polymer film. The output of the amplifier is 120-250 W. The main advantages of Mission MS-200 are value for money, high fidelity of sound reproduction, simple setup.

• JBL Sub 250 P . The average cost is 19 thousand rubles.

The dimensions of the column are 42 cm * 34 cm * 38 cm. It has a very attractive appearance and several types of finishes. Equipped with a class “D” amplifier, so the output of the amplifier is 200-400 W, which is a huge rarity for subwoofers in this price range. The sound is pleasant, with tight and deep bass.

• Velodyne Impact . The average cost is 24 thousand rubles.

The Velodyne Impact 10 subwoofer has been in the ranking of top-end low-cost models for more than a year. The dimensions of the speaker system are 32 cm * 35 cm * 36 cm. The case is solid, equipped with small legs. The weight of the device is 11.3 kg. The dynamic power of the amplifier is 150 W. Velodyne Impact 10 is interesting for rooms up to 25 sq. m. Here it will provide a very high-quality sound with thick bass.

TOP-3 models of mid-range subwoofers – what to choose for a more expensive home theater

Here we include the best models of subwoofers, the cost of which varies from 25 to 50 thousand rubles.

• Boston Acoustics ASW250

Model parameters – 39 cm * 37 cm * 41 cm.Weight – almost 15 kg. Available in three color variations. Does not have a fabric grill. Amplifier power up to 350 W.

• JBL JRX218S

The average cost of a column is 28 thousand rubles. This is a passive type of speaker that does not have its own amplifier. Therefore, it is more often used for listening to music. Dimensions – 50 cm * 60 cm * 55 cm.Weight – 32 kg. The sound of the speaker is very high quality. The power of the amplifier is 350 watts. The maximum sound pressure is as much as 133 dB!

• Bowers & Wilkins ASW 608

The average cost of a column is 39.5 thousand rubles. For this money, we get a power of 200 W, and the sound is 32 – 140 Hz. The speaker system is distinguished by excellent build quality and reliability of component parts.

The best subwoofer for home theater – choosing the top models

The price range of top-end subwoofers for home theaters starts at 50 thousand rubles.

• JBL PRX 718 XLF

This is a super-powerful speaker system with an average cost of 112 thousand rubles. Weight up to 40 kg. Amplifier power 1500 W! The sound pressure value is within 134 Dc. Reproduces frequencies from 30 to 130 Hz, which is quite enough for a concert hall.

• JBL Studio 650 P

JBL Studio 650P is the best addition to any recreation center. The average cost of the device is 60 thousand rubles. The subwoofer will create surround sound in any room, because its rated power is 250 watts. Column weight – 23 kg. Differs in stylish design and high-quality reliable components.

• DALI SUB E-12 F

The average cost of a low-frequency speaker system is 50 thousand rubles. Bass reflex subwoofer. The maximum power of the amplifier is 220 W, the nominal power is 170. The frequency range is 29 – 190 Hz. Perfect for rooms up to 40 sq.m.
How to choose a subwoofer for home theater and which is better, bass reflex or in a closed box: https://youtu.be/Xc4nzQQNbws

Connecting and setting up a subwoofer in a home theater system – step by step instructions with a photo

Oddly enough, we begin the process of connecting a subwoofer from the DK by choosing the “right” place for its installation. Ideally, the device is placed next to the front speaker. The
placement of the sub is an important point [/ caption] But, unfortunately, this is not always possible. Then we install the sub where it will not get tangled underfoot, taking into account some rules. Namely:

1. To get more bass, we install it next to the load-bearing wall, for a more delicate sound – in the back of the room.
2. Move the subwoofer with a bass reflex from the wall by 20-30 cm.
3. Do not place the speaker next to a thin wall, window, sideboard, etc. When the sub is working, such surfaces will vibrate, which will add some kind of dirt to the sound.

Connection

In the process of connecting a subwoofer, in principle, there is nothing complicated. We connect to the system in one of three ways. Consider each one.

1. The first option, the simplest and most common, is to connect the low-frequency effects channel (LFE or Low Frequency Effect) to the DK receiver. Suitable for almost every AV receiver, as well as an amplifier with a separate output for a sub. We use a subwoofer cable to connect. The inputs and outputs are as follows: on the receiver, usually “SUB OUT” or “Subwoofer Out”; for the sub – “LFE INPUT”, “LINE IN”. After that, do not forget to plug the device into the nearest outlet. If there is only one required connector on the receiver, and you need to connect several devices, we recommend using a U-shaped subwoofer cable.
2. If the aforementioned inputs and outputs are not available on the existing equipment, we look for others and connect using one of the two options below.

Cinema connection [/ caption]

Customization

After installing the subwoofer, as well as connecting it to the signal source and the network, proceed to setting up the equipment. We check and, if necessary, adjust the following parameters:

• If there is a high-pass filter (HPF) regulator, we set the maximum allowable value – usually 120 Hz.
• Set the phase switch to “0” or “Normal”, the regulator to the extreme position (“0”).
• It is recommended to set the volume control to 1/3 of the highest value.
• Recommended crossover frequency is 80 Hz.
• On the AV receiver, select “Stereo” as the sound mode.

How to make a DIY home theater subwoofer

If your home theater needs a powerful subwoofer, but there is not enough money to purchase it, you can make the equipment yourself. For a homemade device you will need:

• an ordinary speaker (take a 10-inch Pioneer speaker, model TS-W255C; average cost of 800 rubles);
• power supply, for example, from an old PC (500 W);
• car amplifier with built-in crossover (Lanzar Heritage);
• inexpensive car subwoofer;
• columns;
• speaker wires;
• Fiberboard for the frame (recommended width – 18 mm);
• paint, primer.

Let’s get to work.

1. We start with the design of the building . For this purpose, we will use 3D visualization software – Sketchup. We calculate the dimensions using WinISD. At the end, we received a cube-shaped body. The height of each side is 35 cm. The port is designed at the bottom, while the permissible output power is 32 Hz.
2. At the next stage, we cut out the frame from the fiberboard . The fuse can be made from neoprene, which is very budgetary.
3. The third step is to make a port. For this purpose, a 110 mm wide plastic gutter was perfect for us.
4. Next, we assemble and glue the frame using high-quality wood glue.
5. Using glue and silicone sealant, we mount the previously assembled port into the frame.
6. Cut out and grind the holes.
7. We prime the body in several layers. And we paint over it with car paint.
8. Let’s move on to working with the inside of the case. We take the insulation, and with the help of a construction stapler we attach the material to the walls of the frame. Thus, we avoid excessive rumbling when sounding.
9. The next final stage is to mount the power supply, ground wires, amplifier.

At the output, we get a very decent subwoofer for little money. The cost of the device is about 2.5 thousand rubles.

How to disassemble a home theater subwoofer for repair

If the subwoofer is dropped or the unit is jerked violently, the wiring may be compromised. This will lead to power-up hum or other more serious malfunctions. The subwoofer will need to be disassembled to correct the problem. The parsing order is as follows:

• carefully dismantle the subwoofer case;
• disconnect the speaker from the frame.

It would seem that everything is very simple. But when disassembling the sub, it is important to take into account a number of nuances.

• The cases of any subwoofer open quite tightly . For some speakers, the back wall is secured with four or five screws. Other manufacturers are not limited to this type of fastener, and glued parts; or use the type of fastening “in the grooves”. Therefore, to disassemble the case, you may need small flat and Phillips screwdrivers, a knife – to scrape off the glue.

Note! Open the case slowly so as not to damage the wires and other internals of the subwoofer.

• The speaker inside the case can also be secured with screws and glue . Panasonic subwoofers have a separate wire compartment. The compartment is opened to check the integrity of the cables. It is also recommended to photograph the position of the wires at different stages of disassembling the sub. This will greatly simplify the reverse process – the upcoming assembly of the system.

We hope our review has helped to sort out all the questions.