OneWeb ku Russia: mbiri ya mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha 2025

OneWeb (yomwe poyamba inkadziwika kuti WorldVu) ndi bizinesi yochokera ku UK yomwe imakhazikitsa masetilaiti ozungulira omwe amagwira ntchito kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwa anthu kulikonse padziko lapansi.

Mbiri ya kutuluka ndi chitukuko cha Oneweb

Poyambirira, mu 2017, kampani yolumikizana ya Oneweb ndi kampani ya Gonets satellite system joint-stock inakonzedwa kuti ipititse patsogolo mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti m’dziko lathu kudzera masatilaiti omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu. Poyambirira, OneWeb inali ndi gawo la 60% mu mgwirizano, koma mu 2019, gawo la umwini mu likulu lovomerezeka lidatsika mpaka 49% poyerekezera ndi omwe adatenga nawo gawo ku Russia. Pazaka zitatu zapitazi, ntchito zomalizidwa za kampani ya Anglo-Russian “Oneweb” yogula zinthu pafupipafupi zakhala zikuganiziridwa nthawi zambiri ndi State Commission on Radio Frequencies of Russia (SCRF), koma palibe kuvomereza komwe kunatengedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito. . Chotsatira chake, pempholi linachotsedwa chifukwa cha “kufotokozedwa kwachidziwitso malinga ndi malamulo a dzikoli.” OneWeb posachedwapa yalengeza cholinga chake chochoka ku OneWeb JV, lomwe linakonzedwa pamodzi ndi Gonets satellite system ya Russia. Nkhaniyi idalengezedwa ndi tsamba lachingerezi la “The Daily Telegraph”, kutanthauza zambiri kuchokera kwa oimira kampaniyo.

Mavuto a OneWeb, bankirapuse

M’mwezi wa Marichi 2020, CNews idalemba za zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha bankirapuse motsutsana ndi OneWeb, zolumikizidwa ndi kukwera mtengo kwabizinesi komanso malo ampikisano amphamvu pama projekiti akuluakulu ofanana ndi omwe akuchita nawo msika Amazon ndi SpaceX. Patapita nthawi, kampaniyo inapempha utsogoleri wa dziko la England kuti abwereke ndalama zokwana mapaundi 500 miliyoni, zomwe ndi pafupifupi $ 645 miliyoni, zomwe zingatheke kuti zitheke kupereka ndalama zothandizira ntchito zosiyanasiyana za $ 2.2 biliyoni kuchokera kwa munthu aliyense. othandizira. [id id mawu = “attach_2887” align = “aligncenter” wide = “600”]
OneWeb low-orbit satellite [/ caption] Poyambirira, OneWeb idakanidwa ngongole, komabe, pambuyo poyambitsa milandu ya bankirapuse, oyang’anira England ndi kampani yolumikizirana ndi matelefoni yaku India Bharti Global adasaina mgwirizano wopanga kampani ya BidCo 100 Ltd. pogula OneWeb wosokonekera ndi ndalama zokwana $ 500 miliyoni kuchokera kwa onse awiri. Pakatikati mwa 2020, bungwe logwira ntchito limalandira mgwirizano wa $ 1 biliyoni, ndipo pa October 2, 2020, Khothi Lalikulu la America la Bankruptcy, kumene mlandu wa bungwe la OneWeb unkaganiziridwa, amavomereza mgwirizano wotumiza OneWeb ku boma la UK ndi Bharti Global. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 2012, OneWeb yathandizira pafupifupi $3.3 biliyoni pakuchita ntchito kuchokera kwa othandizira ambiri kuphatikiza Airbus, Qualcomm ndi SoftBank Group. Malinga ndi Bloomberg, Malingaliro a kampani BidCo 100 Ltd. adzakhala ndi gawo la 45% mu dongosolo la OneWeb, 10% yotsalayo idzasamutsidwa ku makampani kapena anthu omwe alipo. Komabe, akadali ndi mwayi wosavomereza mgwirizano woterewu pakugulitsa BidCo 100 Ltd. Ngakhale kuti milandu ya bankirapuse idayambikanso m’chilimwe cha 2020, OneWeb idakonza zopeza $ 140 miliyoni popanga zida za satellite pamalo opangira OneWeb Satellites omwe ali ku Florida, America, omwe adapangidwa limodzi ndi Airbus. [id id mawu = “attach_2888” align = “aligncenter” wide = “600”] 10% yotsalayo idzasamutsidwa kumakampani omwe alipo kapena anthu. Komabe, akadali ndi mwayi wosavomereza mgwirizano woterewu pakugulitsa BidCo 100 Ltd. Ngakhale kuti milandu ya bankirapuse idayambikanso m’chilimwe cha 2020, OneWeb idakonza zopeza $ 140 miliyoni popanga zida za satellite pamalo opangira OneWeb Satellites omwe ali ku Florida, America, omwe adapangidwa limodzi ndi Airbus. [id id mawu = “attach_2888” align = “aligncenter” wide = “600”] 10% yotsalayo idzasamutsidwa kumakampani omwe alipo kapena anthu. Komabe, akadali ndi mwayi wosavomereza mgwirizano woterewu pakugulitsa BidCo 100 Ltd. Ngakhale kuti milandu ya bankirapuse idayambikanso m’chilimwe cha 2020, OneWeb idakonza zopeza $ 140 miliyoni popanga zida za satellite pamalo opangira OneWeb Satellites omwe ali ku Florida, America, omwe adapangidwa limodzi ndi Airbus. [id id mawu = “attach_2888” align = “aligncenter” wide = “600”] OneWeb yakonza zopezera ndalama zokwana madola 140 miliyoni kuti zigwire ntchito yopangira satellite pamalo opangira ma OneWeb Satellites omwe ali ku Florida, America, omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Airbus. [id id mawu = “attach_2888” align = “aligncenter” wide = “600”] OneWeb yakonza zopezera ndalama zokwana madola 140 miliyoni kuti zigwire ntchito yopangira satellite pamalo opangira ma OneWeb Satellites omwe ali ku Florida, America, omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Airbus. [id id mawu = “attach_2888” align = “aligncenter” wide = “600”]
Fakitale ya OneWeb Satellites ku Florida, USA [/ mawu] M’gawo lachitatu la 2020, OneWeb ikufuna kudutsa khothi kuti ipeze ndalama zothandizira ndalama zokwana $ 235 miliyoni (6 kusamutsidwa kuchokera $ 15 miliyoni mpaka $ 65 miliyoni isanachitike. kumapeto kwa 2020) kuti apitilize kupanga magulu a nyenyezi a satellite. Khotilo silinatsutse kupereka ndalama kwa OneWeb kwa ndalama zowonjezera $ 9.75 miliyoni zothandizira, zomwe zinakhala chitsimikizo cha Arianespace. Ndalamazi zidathandizira kuyambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma satelayiti a OneWeb pogwiritsa ntchito zida za roketi za Soyuz. Malinga ndi chikalata cha bajeti chomwe chikuwonetsedwa pakutsutsa kwa bankirapuse, oyang’anira OneWeb adakonza zogwiritsa ntchito $ 133 miliyoni kuti apange makina atsopano a satana pa nthawi ya Q4 2020. Zina $ 37 miliyoni zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kukhazikitsidwa kwa makhazikitsidwe mumlengalenga. Ndalama zina zimapangidwira malipiro a antchito,

Kuyika ma satellite mu orbit

Kutengera zambiri za mgwirizano womwe wasinthidwa pakati pa Arianespace ndi OneWeb, chifukwa chake, kupanga ndi kutumiza ma satelayiti a OneWeb kudzachepa ndi kutumiza katatu.
Potsirizira pake, Arianespace imakonza maulendo 16 mumlengalenga kwa OneWeb pogwiritsa ntchito zida za rocket za Soyuz, ndi imodzi yokha yomwe idzatenge satellites 35 mumlengalenga. 2 mwa 16 Soyuz idzayendetsedwa ndi zipangizo za satellite za OneWeb zokhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku European Space Center ku Guiana, ena kuchokera ku Baikonur ndi nsanja ya Vostochny. [id id mawu = “attach_2890” align = “aligncenter” wide = “600”]
Soyuz-2.1b yokhala ndi makina 34 a OneWeb isanayambike. Baikonur, Q1 2020 [/ mawu] Zotsatira zake, akukonzekera kukonza gulu la OneWeb la zida 650 zomwe akufuna kumaliza mu Disembala 2022. OneWeb tsopano yatumiza 74 low orbit broadband satellites mumlengalenga.

Zoyembekeza ndi mapulani

Kutengera yankho la OneWeb losinthidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito gulu la nyenyezi la satellite kudayamba mu 2021, ndikulandidwa kwa madera a dziko lapansi omwe ali kumpoto, komwe kumaphatikizapo Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Great Britain, madera ena a Nyanja ya Arctic, komanso kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Makina a satelayiti a OneWeb okhala ndi mabatire a 2 oyendetsedwa ndi dzuwa ndi mota ya plasma amatumizidwa munjira ya 1,200 km pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, moyo wokonzedwa wa chipangizo china ndi zaka 5. [id id mawu = “attach_2880” align = “aligncenter” wide = “893”]
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma satellite a pa intaneti motsatira nthawi [/ mawu] Mu Meyi 2020, CNews idafalitsanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi zisankho zaposachedwa za OneWeb zokulitsa gulu la orbital la makina a satana pa intaneti kufika pa 48,000. Kuti izi zitheke, kampaniyo idatumiza fomu yofunikira ku FC yolumikizana ndi matelefoni ku United States (FCC). dziko kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa matenda a Covid 19.

Kulumikiza ogwiritsa ntchito m’mizinda yakutali ndi midzi ku intaneti ya Broadband

Ogwiritsa ntchito kumadera akutali a Russian Federation ndi mayiko ena padziko lapansi amatha kulumikiza TV yamakono, foni, PC kapena laputopu ku ma satelayiti kudzera pa OneWeb satellite terminal, yomwe ili ndi satelayiti mbale, wolandila ndi Wi- Fi / LTE / 3G kulumikizana kwagawo. Ogwiritsa ntchito ma satellite okha ndi omwe angagule mwalamulo zida za Oneweb ku Russia mu 2021, momwe zinthu ziliri ndi kugwa kwakanthawi kwa kampaniyo, Covid amakhalabe wovuta.

OneWeb Satellites ngati gawo

Kukonza intaneti kudzera pa makina a satana m’dziko lonselo, Oneweb LLC idayesa kupeza ma frequency ofunikira mkati mwa 14-30 GHz (Earth – space). Kumapeto kwa 2017, State Commission for Radio Engineering Frequencies (SCRF) inakana pempho la Oneweb. Mapeto a chigamulo chokana choterocho mwina ndi chifukwa chakuti panalibe pempho la maulendo omwe adafunsidwa kuchokera ku kampani ya Express-RV, yomwe ikukonzekera kupereka mauthenga okhazikika kumadera a Arctic. Kumayambiriro kwa 2019, kampani ya Cosmic Svyaz, yomwe ili ndi udindo wodutsa magawo a projekiti ya Express-RV, idapeza ma frequency ofunikira, ngakhale Roscosmos sanavomereze chisankho chotere. Mu gawo la 4 la 2018, Federal Security Service ya dziko (FSB) sanagwirizane ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa mbali ya Russia mu polojekiti ya OneWeb. Malinga ndi magwero abungwe, satellite network nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzanzeru, zomwe zimawononga chitetezo cha boma la Russia. Mwa zina, asitikali amawona kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulojekiti yotereyi ngati chiwopsezo chotheka kwa oyendetsa mafoni aku Russia, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri m’malo opanda anthu komanso ovuta kudutsa, komanso kupangitsa nzika kuti zigwirizane ndi kulumikizana kwakunja. ntchito.
Monga njira ina yothetsera zochitika mu OneWeb, FSB idapereka lingaliro lokonzekera njira yake yolumikizirana kudzera pa satellite ndikuphatikizidwa ndi China ndi India, zomwe sizimachita zankhanza motsutsana ndi dziko lathu. Mtsogoleri wa Roskosmos, wotchedwa Dmitry Rogozin, adatsindika kuti ndizotheka kukonza polojekitiyi popanda mbali ya Russia, komabe, chifukwa chake, imataya mwayi wokhudza momwe zinthu ziliri. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2019, zinali zoonekeratu kuti State Committee for Radio Frequencies imaletsa kutumizidwa kwa zida zoyankhulirana zofunika kuti azilumikizana ndi ma satellite kupita ku Russia kwa anthu omwe sali ogwirizana ndi makampani omwe amapereka mauthenga. OneWeb, malinga ndi Reuters, ili ndi mapulani oti afikire njira yothetsera vuto ndi akuluakulu a ku Russia, kuchepetsa gawo lake pazachuma cha mgwirizano womwe uli pansi pa chiwerengero chokhazikitsidwa. Pofika mwezi wa February 2019, mgwirizanowu udzayang’aniridwa ndi Russia. Gawo la Roskosmos mu OneWeb lidakwera mpaka 51%, ndipo gawo la OneWeb linatsika mpaka 49%. Mu Ogasiti 2019, Oneweb JV idachotsa pempho lake lofuna kupeza ma frequency mdziko muno kwakanthawi kuti amalize ntchitoyi potengera momwe malamulo aku Russia akuyendera.

Opikisana nawo mu Russian Federation ndi dziko lapansi

Omwe akupikisana nawo kwambiri ndi Amazon, omwe ali ndi yankho la Kuiper ndipo adalengeza mu gawo lachiwiri la 2019, ndi SpaceX, yomwe idapangidwa ndi Elon Musk, yemwenso ali ndi magawo opanga magalimoto amagetsi a Tesla, yemwe akuyamba kupanga projekiti yake ya satellite pa intaneti. .

Nkhani zaposachedwa

Gulu latsopano la ma satelayiti olankhulana a OneWeb ku England adabweretsedwa ku Vostochny Cosmodrome kuti akhazikitsidwe mu Meyi. “Zida 36 zakuthambo za kampani ya OneWeb zidaperekedwa ku eyapoti ya Ignatievo, yomwe ili ku Blagoveshchensk, pa ndege ya An-124-100,” zambiri zomwe zili patsamba la Roscosmos. Payokha, zikuwonetseredwa kuti katunduyo adafika ku cosmodrome, limodzi ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Vostochny space Center. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Oneweb kuchokera ku Vostochny Cosmodrome pa Epulo 26, 2021: https://youtu.be/gU3CQtLXOc8 Ndikofunikira kwambiri ku chuma cha Russia kuti pakhale makampani ambiri ngati OneWeb, ndiye kuti dziko lathu lidzakula mwachangu, chifukwa tsopano liwiro Kulumikizana kwa intaneti ndi satellite kumadalira kwambiri.