Zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe a mikwingwirima yowongoka komanso yopingasa pa TV, momwe mungawathetsere

Vuto la maonekedwe a mikwingwirima pazenera nthawi zambiri limapezeka ndi ma TV amakono okhala ndi kristalo wamadzimadzi. Zotsatira zake, zikuwoneka, pali kugwirizana pakati pa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndi mtundu wa mikwingwirima, momwe zotsatira zake zingakhale zovuta ngati kusagwira ntchito sikunakhazikitsidwe mu nthawi – izi ndi zina zikukambidwa m’nkhaniyi.

Mitundu ya magulu pa TV chophimba

Kuwonongeka kwa kanema wawayilesi mu mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima yomwe imawoneka yoyipa imakhudza osati mawonekedwe azithunzi okha, komanso magwiridwe antchito a ma module a hardware, chifukwa cha kulephera komwe kumabuka mavuto. Zotsatira zake, moyo wawo wautumiki umachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya mikwingwirima pa TV:

• woonda yopingasa;
• woonda ofukula;
• mitundu yambiri yopingasa;
• pinki ofukula;
• woyera ofukula;
• buluu ofukula;
• wobiriwira ofukula;
• wofiira ofukula;
• wakuda ofukula ndi yopingasa;
• chikasu ofukula;
• woyera yopingasa.

Mndandandawu suyimira mitundu yonse ya zolakwika zotere pazenera. Mikwingwirima yowonekera pa TV imatha kukhala imodzi komanso ingapo, yayifupi komanso yayitali, koma imagawika kwambiri kukhala ofukula, yopingasa komanso yamitundu yambiri.

Vutoli likhoza kuwoneka nthawi ndi nthawi, koma palibe vuto lomwe liyenera kusiyidwa mosasamala – pamapeto pake limawopseza kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

Zifukwa za maonekedwe a mikwingwirima, malingana ndi mtundu

Ngakhale ma TV amakono sangakhale inshuwaransi kwathunthu motsutsana ndi kulephera kwanthawi yayitali kwa ma module a hardware. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusamalidwa kosayenera, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha vuto la wopanga. Nthawi zina mikwingwirima yosiyana pa TV ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kumodzi kapena, mosiyana, zolakwika zomwezo zimachitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kuti tipeze zifukwa zazikulu zowonekera kwa mtundu umodzi kapena wina wa magulu, tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

Mikwingwirima yopapatiza pa TV

Kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zochitika zawo ndi kuphwanya chimango jambulani kuti zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu surges mu maukonde. Zotsatira zake, izi zitha kuyambitsa ming’alu ya chip. Nachi chitsanzo cha kulephera kotereku komanso njira yokonzera: https://youtu.be/sviY3BZlAuY

Multicolored yopingasa

Pamene mikwingwirima yopingasa ya mithunzi yosiyana ikuwonekera pa TV, komanso mikwingwirima kapena ma ripples, ndizotheka kuti chingwe cholumikiziranacho chachotsedwa pa matrix. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kugulitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri vutoli limayamba chifukwa chosweka mavabodi. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pamene ntchito ya gawo loyang’anira zithunzi ikuwonongeka.

Mikwingwirima yakuda yowongoka komanso yopingasa pa TV

Mikwingwirima yotereyi nthawi zambiri imakhala mbali zosiyanasiyana za chinsalu, nthawi zina pakati pake. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri zowonongeka, zomwe zimafuna ndalama zambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonongeka kwa decoder. Pankhaniyi, m’malo mwathunthu wa matrix adzafunika. Ngati njira zofulumira sizingatengedwe, mizere imakula, chinsalucho chidzasiya kuwala. Tidzayenera kuyika ndalama zochulukirapo kuti tibwezeretse magwiridwe ake. Mavuto ambiri ndi maonekedwe a mikwingwirima pazithunzi za TV amatha kuthetsedwa ndi wosewera wamakono wamakono, mwachitsanzo, monga TANIX TX6 4/64GB .

Mikwingwirima yopyapyala yowongoka pa chowunikira

Chifukwa cha maonekedwe a mikwingwirima yowongoka pawindo la TV, zomwe sizimawunikira konse, zitha kukhala kuwonongeka kwa ma decoder kapena matrix. Izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kugunda kwamphezi kapena kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi kwamphamvu. Ngati njira zanthawi yake sizitengedwa, mzerewo umakula ndipo pamapeto pake umaphimba chinsalu.

Kubwezeretsa kwa matrix a TV ya LED (kuphwanya matrix):

https://youtu.be/lJqbio3SYPc

pinki woima

Nthawi zambiri, mikwingwirima yamitundu pazenera imawoneka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa matrix owunikira. Kuwonongeka kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwamagetsi, kugwedezeka ndi zina zofananira. Chifukwa chake chikhoza kukhala kuvala kwanthawi zonse ndi kung’ambika kwa zinthu: ngati mzere woyimirira wamtundu wa pinki (nthawi zambiri wofiirira) ukuwonekera pa polojekiti, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa scaler. Nthawi zina chilema chofananacho chimapezeka ngakhale mu ma TV atsopano, koma apa chifukwa, monga lamulo, ndi vuto la fakitale – pamenepa, TV iyenera kubwereranso ku sitolo pansi pa chitsimikizo.

Mzere woyera (wowala) woyima pa TV

Zitha kukhala zowoneka bwino komanso kuthwanima, kapena, mosiyana, kufotokozera momveka bwino. Maonekedwe a magulu otere – komabe, komanso magulu a mithunzi ina iliyonse – akuwonetsa kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa matrix. Mutha kuyang’ana kulondola kwa lingaliro ili motere: dinani, kusuntha (popanda kuyesetsa) kapena mwanjira ina mofatsa chitanipo kanthu. Ngati kapamwamba kamasokonekera ndikuwonekeranso pazenera, gawolo lawonongeka ndipo likufunika kusinthidwa. Chitsanzo china cha kusweka kwa mikwingwirima yoyera yoyima, ndi momwe mungathetsere, onani kanema pansipa: https://youtu.be/CA5J5v6PYxg?t=34

Choyimira chabuluu

Nthawi zambiri, mikwingwirima yotereyi imachitika pamene khadi la kanema latenthedwa kapena kutha. Ngati nthawi ya chitsimikizo sichinathe, njira yabwino ndikusinthira chinthucho. Chifukwa china chowonekera kwa mikwingwirima yowoneka bwino ya buluu (cyan) ikhoza kukhala kuwonongeka kwa kulumikizana kwa lupu ya matrix. Chifukwa china ndi chakuti chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, mipira ya solder ya pulosesa ya kanema inachotsedwa ku gawo lapansi la BGA.

Chowoneka chobiriwira chobiriwira pa chowunikira cha TV

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake zimachitika ndi kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka chingwe chomwe chimalumikiza bolodi lopanga zithunzi ndi matrix a LCD a TV. M’lifupi mwake mzerewu ukhoza kukhala waukulu kwambiri ndi kukhala masentimita angapo, kapena, m’malo mwake, ukhale wopapatiza kwambiri – pixel imodzi. Nthawi zambiri, zimawonekera mosayembekezereka pawindo, ndipo pambuyo pa kutentha kokwanira kwa TV, zimasowa, ndipo chithunzicho chikuwonetsedwa popanda kusokonezedwa. Nthawi zina, mzerewo umakhalabe, koma umawoneka wopepuka kuposa maziko akulu.

ofukula wofiira

Mawonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhala pakulumikizana kotsika kwa chingwe cha matrix. Nthawi zina ziwalo zowotchedwa ndizo zimayambitsa. Itha kuwonetsanso kuwonongeka kwa zolumikizira chingwe kapena fumbi lawo. Mikwingwirima yotere imatha kuwonekanso chifukwa njanji yomwe ili pa bolodi yasweka kapena waya wa VGA wawonongeka.

yellow ofukula

Zikawonekera pa LCD polojekiti, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndi kuyesa kulumikiza ndi netiweki ndi kumasula ku dongosolo unit. Ngati Mzerewu usowa, ndiye kuti vuto limakhala lalikulu pakhadi lavidiyo. Ma capacitor amatha kutupa ndipo amafunika kusinthidwa. Apo ayi, vutoli liyenera kufufuzidwa muwonetsero. Kanemayo ali pansipa akukambirana zitsanzo zingapo za kusagwira bwino kwa matrix a TV ndikufotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa kuchitika kwawo, zimapereka kulumikizana kuti akonze zovuta: https://youtu.be/Jtj3ID3ZMOg?t=111

Kusaka zolakwika

Mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima pa kanema wawayilesi sichinali chifukwa choyambira kuphatikizika kwapadziko lonse kwa chipangizocho. Musanayang’ane chomwe chimayambitsa kusayenda bwino kwa mabwalo ndi matabwa, choyamba muyenera kuyang’ana:

• kulumikiza chingwe chomwe chimatulutsa chithunzicho – ndi cholumikizira chodetsedwa;
• zoikamo pa TV palokha pogwiritsa ntchito zoikamo chithunzi basi.

Ngati musunga zingwe pazenera pambuyo pakusintha, muyenera kuganizira za kukonza kwakukulu. Monga taonera kale, zifukwa maonekedwe a magulu osiyanasiyana makamaka chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito bwino:

• kulumikizana kwa matrix loop;
• matrix palokha;
• zinthu za matabwa ndi microcircuits.

Nkhanizi zitha kukonzedwa, koma nthawi zina kugula TV yatsopano ndikwabwino kuposa kuyikonzanso. Zina zosinthira ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, kupatulapo, palibe chitsimikizo kuti posintha magawo ndi mabwalo, TV idzagwira ntchito moyenera.

Tidzasanthula njira zomwe zingathetsere zovuta izi ndi zina.

Kuvula cholumikizira cha chingwe cha matrix

Mavuto okhudzana amatha kuchitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika chipangizocho kapena kusanja bwino, kuchisamalira, mwachitsanzo, kuyeretsa chophimba. Kuyang’ana kosavuta popanda kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsa nthawi zina kumakhala kokwanira kuti muwonetsetse kuti simukukhudzana bwino. Sizovuta kukonza vutoli ndi ma oxidized contacts, makamaka ndi malo ang’onoang’ono owonongeka. Mudzafunika tsamba lokhazikika kapena mpeni kuti muyeretse zolengeza. Mukachotsa zolengeza, onetsetsani kuti mwayang’ana voteji polira ndi multimeter. Chitsanzo cha kuyeretsa kunyumba kwa olumikizana ndi chingwe cha LCD TV chikuwonetsedwa muvidiyo ili pansipa: https://youtu.be/3hb0Iao0An8?t=101 Chifukwa cha kusalumikizana bwino kungakhalenso kulumikizidwa kolakwika kwa zingwezo. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusagwirizana malupu onse, ndiyeno kulumikiza iwo molondola.

Kuchotsa kupuma kwa matrix loop

Choyamba, muyenera kutsimikizira kulondola kwa zomwe akuti zawonongeka posuntha kapena kukanikiza chingwe. Ngati mikwingwirima yatha, ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kumayikidwa bwino. Kenako muyenera kudzikonzekeretsa ndi microscope yolumikizira ndikupeza mawaya owonongeka. Ntchitoyi imafuna kupirira ndi zodzikongoletsera molondola, komanso luso ndi zipangizo zofunika. Malo osokonekera amabwezeretsedwa ndi varnish ya conductive. Mukhozanso kutenthetsa zoyankhulirana ndi kutentha kovomerezeka, koma palibe chifukwa chololedwa kutenthedwa, apo ayi, m’malo mokonzanso, mavuto ena akhoza kupezeka.

Njirayi ndi yovuta, nthawi zambiri ambuye samachita.

Kusintha chingwe

Zikapezeka kuti chingwecho chalephera, muyenera kusintha ndi china chatsopano, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito yomwe ili yoyenera pa TV iyi.

Mapangidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma TV ndikuti wopanga aliyense ali ndi yake, payekhapayekha, choncho werengani malangizowo musanapitirize kukonza.

Chingwecho chili pamlandu wa TV, kotero muyenera kumasula zomangira zolumikiza kumbuyo. Ngati alolera movutikira, musayese kuwamasula molunjika: monga lamulo, mabawuti onse amachotsedwa. M’pofunika kusamala kwambiri pochotsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chingwe chimakhala pachivundikiro chokha – izi zidzateteza kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu. Sikoyenera kugulitsa mawaya – zinthu zolumikizira zimakhala ndi zolumikizira. Kuti muchotse chingwe, muyenera kukanikiza pa latch yapadera. Chingwe chosweka, ndithudi, chingasinthidwe popanda msonkhano, sizovuta.

Momwe mungachotsere zingwe zamapangidwe osiyanasiyana kuti zilowe m’malo mwawo zikuwonetsedwa mu kanema pansipa: https://youtu.be/_o-lQ-FA3dM Ngati mukufuna kusintha paokha zigawo kapena matrix omwewo, muyenera kuganizira izi:

• nthawi zambiri, owongolera amakhala ndi mainchesi ochepa, chifukwa chake, kuti apewe kuwonongeka, amayenera kusamaliridwa mosamala kwambiri;
• Kuti mubwezeretse magawo, simuyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso pankhaniyi, komanso kusungira zida zabwino: maikulosikopu, malo otsetsereka a infuraredi, zida zogwirira ntchito zabwino ndi matabwa, ndi zina zambiri.

Momwe mungachotsere mikwingwirima pazithunzi za Samsung TV: https://youtu.be/kJNOy0k5_CM Kuchotsa chingwe cha matrix – ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta. Kawirikawiri, ambuye amapereka m’malo mwa matrix onse kuti asavutike ndi soldering chingwe. Musanayambe kukonza koopsa koteroko, ndi bwino kuphunzira kuchokera kuzinthu zoseketsa kapena ma TV osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, kukonzanso koteroko kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kuchitidwe mu malo ochitira utumiki. Tsoka ilo, likhoza kuwononga pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu a mtengo wa TV, kotero muyenera choyamba kupeza mtengo wa utumiki, ndiyeno pokhapo kupanga chisankho chomaliza. https://youtu.be/speMUzLe3rs Mikwingwirima yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe, ma ripples, mikwingwirima ndi zolakwika zina zofananira zitha kuwoneka pa TV osati chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kochepa, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Sikuti nthawi zonse amatha kudziletsa: nthawi zina muyenera kulumikizana ndi malo othandizira, kulipira kukonzanso kwamtengo wapatali ndikusintha magawo.