Itumanaho rya Leta muri Reta zunze ubumwe za Amerika Itumanaho: amateka niterambere ryiterambere, inyenyeri

Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ubumwe “Itumanaho ryo mu kirere” (GP KS), eng. Isosiyete y’itumanaho ya Satelite y’Uburusiya (RSCC) ni ikigo cya Leta gikoresha itumanaho rya satellite, urubuga rwemewe https://www.rscc.ru/. Igikorwa mumyaka irenga 50:
Ifite inyenyeri nini nini ya satelite ya geostationary mugihugu – ibikoresho 12, hamwe nibigo 5 byitumanaho rishingiye kubutaka biri mubutaka butandukanye bwigihugu. Ibi bituma RSCC itanga amakuru ku isi yose kandi igatanga serivisi zose z’itumanaho rya satellite ku baguzi b’Uburusiya gusa, ariko no ku mashyirahamwe aturuka mu bihugu 58 by’amahanga.
Isosiyete y’itumanaho ya Satelite yo mu Burusiya [/ caption]

Amateka yiterambere

Amateka ya FSUE “Itumanaho ryo mu kirere” yatangiye mu 1957, hamwe n’icyogajuru cya mbere cy’Abasoviyeti mu isi. Mu myaka ya za 1960, itumanaho rya satellite ryateje imbere cyane muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Rero, mu 1965, icyogajuru cya Molniya-1 cyashyizwe mu cyerekezo cya elliptique cyane, hifashishijwe ibiganiro by’ubushakashatsi kuri gahunda za tereviziyo na telefone. Kandi nyuma yimyaka 2, sitasiyo 20 za Orbita zikoreraga mugihugu, ibyo bikaba byashobokaga gukora ibiganiro bya tereviziyo hakoreshejwe satelite bisanzwe.

Ku ya 4 Ugushyingo 1967 – umunsi wo gutangiza televiziyo ihoraho binyuze kuri sisitemu ya satelite “Orbita” – ifatwa nk’ivuka rya RSCC. Nubwo itegeko ryemewe ryo gushinga “Sitasiyo y’itumanaho mu kirere” ryatanzwe na Minisiteri y’itumanaho y’Abasoviyeti nyuma yumwaka. Kandi iryo shyirahamwe ryabonye status y’umushinga w’ubumwe bwa leta muri Mata 2001.

Ibihe byingenzi biva mumateka ya RSCC:

• 1976 – kohereza icyogajuru cya mbere cyogukwirakwiza kwisi “Ekran”;
• 1980 – gutegura ibiganiro byogukurikirana ibyogajuru byabereye i Moscou;
• 1998 – intangiriro yubufatanye n’uruganda rukora ikoranabuhanga mu kirere NPO PM hamwe n’isosiyete y’Abafaransa Alcatel mu gukora no gutanga imizigo kuri satelite yuburyo bushya bwa Express-A;
• 2000 – kohereza icyogajuru cya Express-A ebyiri muri orbit, intangiriro yo kuvugurura inyenyeri zo mu Burusiya;
• 2009 – mu nama mpuzamahanga yabereye i Paris ku itumanaho rya Satelite, RSCC yakiriye umwanya w’umukoresha wa satelite mwiza mu karere w’umwaka;
• 2014 – 2015 – kohereza satelite nshya ndwi za Express-A zikurikirana muri orbit, kongera umutungo w’inyenyeri zo mu gihugu imbere inshuro 2,5;
• 2017 – WTA yashyizemo FSUE “Space Systems” muri tereviziyo eshanu za mbere ziyongera cyane ku isi ndetse no muri TOP-20 y’abakoresha ibyogajuru binini ku isi.

Kugeza ubu, GP KS isanzwe muri TOP-10 ikora cyane ku isi. Ubuyobozi bw’uru ruganda buvuga ko intego nyamukuru ari ugushimira umwanya mu masosiyete atanu ya mbere y’icyogajuru. Kandi iyi ntego iragerwaho rwose, kuva uyumunsi FSUE “Space Systems” itanga serivise zitumanaho rya satelite mubihugu 58 bitandukanye kwisi. Kuramo FSUE Umwanya Sisitemu Yiterambere Rishya: Gahunda yo Guteza Imbere Itumanaho rya FSUE

Amakuru y’ibanze yerekeye sosiyete

Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ubumwe “Itumanaho mu kirere” gikora hashingiwe ku mpushya za Leta:

• No 928K – yo gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa byumwanya;
• 181604 – gutanga serivisi zitumanaho kubutaka bwUburusiya;
• 140430 – kubwo gutanga serivisi zitumanaho kubiganiro kuri radiyo kubutaka bwUburusiya.

By the way! Urutonde rwuzuye rwimpushya zemewe n’umuryango urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwemewe, mu gice cya “Isosiyete” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#documents.

Gukomeza imikorere ya sitasiyo zubutaka no kubaka ibikoresho bishya, RSCC nayo ikora imirimo yo kubaka no gushushanya. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, isosiyete yinjiye mu rwego rw’imiryango yigenga NP ProektSvyaz Telecom na NP StroySvyaz Telecom. Aya mashyirahamwe afite ibyangombwa nkenerwa byo gushushanya no gushora imari.

Ni ngombwa! Umurwa mukuru wemewe wa FSUE “Sisitemu Yumwanya” ni 100.097.000.

Ibiro bikuru bya GP KS biherereye i Moscou kuri aderesi Nikoloyamsky kuri., 3a, inyubako 1. Usibye, isosiyete ifite amashami 5 (ni n’ikigo cy’itumanaho mu kirere) n’ikigo cya tekiniki. Aderesi zabo:

• ikigo cya tekinike Shabolovka – Moscou, st. Shabolovka, inyubako 37;
• CKS Dubna – Akarere ka Moscou, Dubna, st. Alexandrovka, 43;
• CKS Zheleznogorsk – Intara ya Krasnoyarsk, Zheleznogorsk, st. Krasnoyarskaya, d. 4A;
• Ibiyaga bya CKS – Akarere ka Moscou, akarere ka Schelkovsky, umudugudu. Ibiyaga by’idubu, p / o “Ibiyaga by’idubu”;
• CKS Skolkovo – akarere ka Moscou, akarere ka Odintsovo, umudugudu. Marfino, Skolkovskoe shosse, 1;
• CKS Khabarovsk – Intara ya Khabarovsk, akarere ka Khabarovsk, hamwe. Sergeevka, km 21 z’umuhanda wa Sarapul, No 7.

Ibigo by’itumanaho bya FSUE [/ caption]

By the way! Urashobora kugenzura nimero za terefone zishami rya RSCC nuduce tw’umuryango kurubuga rwayo rwa interineti, mu gice cya “Contacts” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#contacts.

Kuva muri Kamena 2021, Aleksey Konstantinovich Volin yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa FSUE Kosmicheskaya Svyaz. Mbere yo gushyirwaho, yakoraga muri guverinoma y’Uburusiya imyaka igera ku 10 ari Minisitiri wungirije ushinzwe iterambere ry’itumanaho n’itumanaho n’itangazamakuru. Inshingano nyamukuru ya Volin muri iki gihe ni ihererekanyabubasha rya tereviziyo y’Uburusiya riva mu buryo bwa digitale.
Inteko nyobozi y’umuryango nayo ikubiyemo:

• Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa mbere – Yury Valentinovich Prokhorov;
• Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa mbere – Ganin Alexander Anatolyevich;
• Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe iterambere no gukoresha sisitemu yitumanaho – Evgeniy Buidinov;
• umuyobozi ushinzwe imikorere yinyenyeri – Gruzintsev Evgeny Vladimirovich;
• umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi Shabolovka – Yakovlev Alexander Viktorovich;
• umuyobozi wa CKS Dubna – Duka Alexander Petrovich;
• Umuyobozi wa CSK Bear Lakes – Artemyev Valery Ivanovich;
• umuyobozi wa CKS Khabarovsk – Kovalenko Viktor Vasilyevich;
• umuyobozi wa CKS Skolkovo – Krylov Alexander Mikhailovich;
• Umuyobozi wa CKS Zheleznogorsk – Muratov Rais Vasilyevich.

Benshi mu bahagarariye abakozi bakuru ba RSCC bafite uburezi bwihariye nuburambe bunini mubijyanye n’itumanaho n’itumanaho rya satellite, ibihembo bya leta n’impamyabumenyi. Kuramo igitabo cya Leta nkuru y’ubumwe bw’ibigo by’itumanaho: Amasezerano ya GP KS

Urutonde rwa serivisi zitangwa na FSUE “Sisitemu Yumwanya”

Urutonde rwa serivisi za FSUE “Umwanya wa sisitemu” zirimo:

• tereviziyo ya radiyo na radiyo – gutangaza amakuru kuri federasiyo no mu buryo butaziguye, gutunganya imiyoboro ya televiziyo, gutanga urubuga rw’ikoranabuhanga ku batanga amakuru;
• serivisi z’itumanaho – gutanga ibikoresho bya satelite, harimo umurongo mugari wa enterineti, gukodesha imiyoboro y’itumanaho hamwe n’itumanaho ku isi, umuyoboro wa VSAT, serivisi z’itumanaho ku mato;
• kugenzura no gucunga ibyogajuru ;
• ishyirahamwe ryo kubona umurongo mugari wa interineti .

Ubushobozi bwa sosiyete ikora ibyogajuru butuma itanga serivisi atari muburusiya gusa, ahubwo no mubindi bihugu byisi. Umuyoboro wa VSAT wubatswe na RSCC ukubiyemo byuzuye amazi yinyanja ya Arctique na Atlantike, Mediterane, Amajyaruguru, Ubuyapani, Kaspiya, Baltique, Okhotsk ninyanja zose zo mumajyaruguru zoza Uburusiya, harimo n’inzira y’amajyaruguru.
Ibikoresho by’itumanaho [/ caption]

inyenyeri

Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ubumwe “Space Systems” gifite inyenyeri nini nini mu Burusiya, igizwe n’imodoka 12. Satelite ya geostationary ya RSCC ikorera mumatsinda ya C, Ku, Ka na L. kugeza kuri 140 ° E, ibemerera gukwirakwiza ku butaka bwose bw’Uburusiya, ndetse n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, Uburayi, akarere ka Aziya-Pasifika, Afurika, Ositaraliya na Amerika y’Amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo.

Satelite hamwe na sitasiyo y’ubutaka [/ caption]

Ibikorwa remezo

FSUE “Sisitemu Sisitemu” ifite ibikorwa remezo binini byubutaka, birimo ibigo 5 byitumanaho hamwe na sitasiyo imwe. Ikintu nyamukuru cyiyi sisitemu ni ikigo cya tekiniki Shabolovka, gihuza CKS hamwe n’itumanaho ry’itumanaho hamwe n’ibigo by’Uburusiya n’amahanga bihinduranya i Moscou. Imirimo nyamukuru yikigo cya Shabolovka :

• gushiraho, ishyirahamwe, iboneza, guhuza no guhinduranya imiyoboro ya digitale n’inzira;
• kubungabunga igice cyo ku isi cyitumanaho rya satelite;
• kubungabunga imiyoboro y’itumanaho ya SE CC;
• gufata neza no gucunga imiyoboro ya sosiyete;
• guhuza abakoresha serivisi zitumanaho.

CKS Dubna yashinzwe mu 1980, none uyumunsi ni teleport nini muri Federasiyo yUburusiya kandi ishyirwa muri TOP yu Burayi ya tereviziyo nini. Bifite ibikoresho:

• Sitasiyo 24 ya transceiver yisi hamwe na antene kuva kuri metero 2,4 kugeza kuri 32 zo gutegura imiyoboro yitumanaho;
• Sitasiyo yisi 27 yo kugenzura ibyogajuru hamwe na telemetrie;
• Sitasiyo 11 yo gupima no gukurikirana;
• Imiyoboro 2 yigenga ya fibre optique ya 20 Gbps;
• Ibiryo 4 byumuvuduko mwinshi.

ZKS Zheleznogorsk ikora nkikintu gikomeye cyiburasirazuba bwibice bya FSUE “Space Systems” inyenyeri. Ibikorwa bye byatangiye mu 2004. MCC igenzura kandi ikurikirana satelite iri hagati ya 32 ° na 154 ° E. Bifite ibikoresho:

• Sitasiyo 10 yo gupima na telemetrie yo kwakira telemetrie, kumenya aho icyogajuru giherereye no kubigenzura;
• Sitasiyo 7 yo gupima no gukurikirana;
• Sitasiyo 3 yisi kugirango itange itumanaho hagati ya MCCs;
• Ibigega 4 byakira no kwakira-gutambutsa sitasiyo ya tereviziyo na radiyo muri Siberiya no mu burasirazuba bwa kure;
• 5 kwakira no kwakira-sitasiyo yo gutanga serivisi zitumanaho kubakoresha;
• Imirongo 2 y’itumanaho rya fibre optique;
• Ibiryo 2 byumuvuduko mwinshi.

CKS Bear Lakes yashinzwe mu 1967. Uyu munsi ikora nk’urubuga rwo gutanga serivisi za tereviziyo n’itumanaho kubakiriya ba SE CU. Ku ifasi yikigo hari ikigo cyo gusubiza inyuma, kikaba gifite inshingano zo kureba niba ibiganiro bya tereviziyo bikomeza mu gihe ibikoresho byabuze i Shabolovka.
CKS Skolkovo yashinzwe mu Kuboza 2003. Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru ni ukureba niba ibikorwa byubucuruzi bwa satelite byubucuruzi, kimwe no kwakira amakuru aturuka kuri satelite muri arc kuva kuri 27 ° W. gushika kuri 102 ° E. Kugirango ukore ibi, ikigo gifite:

• Sitasiyo 8 yakira-itanga sitasiyo;
• 33 ihamye kandi isubirwamo yakira antene kuva kuri metero 2,5 kugeza kuri 6.3;
• Sitasiyo yo kugenzura icyogajuru;
• Imirongo 2 yigenga ya fibre optique.

TsKS Khabarovsk – teleport nini mu burasirazuba bwa kure – yashinzwe mu 2004. Mu nshingano zayo harimo gutunganya imiyoboro y’itumanaho rya satelite, inkunga kuri tereviziyo na radiyo isakaza imiyoboro ya VSAT. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, uru ruganda rufite ibikoresho 20 byohereza itumanaho rya satellite hamwe na antene kuva kuri metero 2,4 kugeza kuri 9, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gupima telemetrie, ibizamini bya orbital, kugenzura imitwaro ya transponder. Sitasiyo y’itumanaho ya Satelite Vladimir mu 1971, naho muri 2009 inyura mu bubasha bwa GP KS. Byakoreshejwe gukora imirimo ikurikira:

• gutanga serivisi zitumanaho rya satelite muri C-, Ku- na L-band;
• gutanga itumanaho rya terefone;
• inkunga kumiyoboro ya TV na radio;
• gutanga itumanaho rya leta igendanwa;
• kugenzura no kugenzura telemetrike ya satelite ya seriveri ya Express-AM mumwanya uva kuri 20 ° W. gushika kuri 103 ° E.

Niyo mpamvu, ibikorwa remezo byubutaka bwa FSUE “Space Systems”, bifatanije nubushobozi bw’inyenyeri y’icyogajuru, bituma iyi sosiyete itanga serivisi z’itumanaho rya satellite ku baguzi b’Uburusiya gusa mu gihugu hose, ariko no ku bakiriya b’amahanga.