Antenna ya parabolike – ibyingenzi byo gusaba, guteranya no kwishyiriraho

Antenna ya parabolike ikomoka mubumenyi bwa siyanse irashobora kwitwa parabolike yerekana cyangwa antenne yerekana. Iki nigikoresho cyikoranabuhanga cyagenewe gukusanya ingufu. Kubigeraho, umuraba windege uhindurwamo uruziga kandi rwibanze kumurongo. Inzira yo guhinduka nayo irashoboka, mugihe imiraba ya serefegitura ihinduwe mumiraba yindege. Ibi bisaba ubwoko butandukanye nuburyo bwibikoresho, biterwa nintego yagenewe nubunini bwo gukoresha.

Porogaramu Rusange

Mu mvugo ikoreshwa, hamenyekanye imyumvire ya satelite na parabolike ya parabolike, ariko abahanga gusa ni bo bazi icyo aricyo n’impamvu igikoresho nkiki gikenewe, muburyo buke bw’umwuga. Hano hari ibikoresho bitandukanye byagenewe kwakira ikimenyetso kiva muri satelite nyinshi izenguruka Isi. Antenna ya parabolike ni ubwoko bumwe bwo kwakira ibikoresho bifite itandukaniro ryihariye. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_3294” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “691”]
Antenne ya parabolike ikunze guhuzwa na satelite [/ caption] Kuba bahari biterwa no gukenera televiziyo, amaradiyo cyangwa gutanga interineti. Imikorere irashobora kwibanda cyane cyangwa kwisi yose, gutanga itumanaho, ibigo byitumanaho byo mu kirere hamwe numuyoboro, byerekanwe nabi bikoreshwa mugukoresha ibyogajuru hamwe na terefone zisa.
Antenna ya parabolike [/ caption]

Amateka yinkomoko niterambere

G. Hertz yakoresheje parabolike yerekana imikorere ye. Mu mpera z’ikinyejana mbere ya nyuma, yahimbye antenne ifite uburebure burenga metero imwe, ikora kuri radiyo zisobanuwe neza. Yifashishije igikoresho cyakira kandi cyandikirwa na siyanse, yerekanye ko hariho imiraba ya electroniki ya magnetiki yahanuwe na Maxwell. Noneho igihe cyo kunoza no gushyira mubikorwa cyatangiye:

1. Mu gice cya gatatu cyambere cyikinyejana cya makumyabiri, G. Marconi, umuhimbyi ukomoka mu Butaliyani, yashoboye kohereza ikimenyetso mu bwato bureremba mu nyanja, ku ntera ndende y’inyanja.
2. Umwaka umwe, igikoresho gisa nacyo cyakoreshejwe mugushiraho itumanaho rya radio kumurongo mugari.
3. G. Grote yubatse PA nini ya mbere kandi abifashijwemo na we akora ubushakashatsi ku nyenyeri. Diameter yerekana ibintu ntiyigeze irenga metero icumi.
4. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, imirimo igamije yatangiye kunoza radar, itanga imbaraga zikomeye mu iterambere no guteza imbere ibikoresho, bituma havuka ubwoko bushya bwa antene ifite ibishushanyo mbonera.

Icyitonderwa! Mu myaka ya nyuma y’intambara, URSS na USA byateje imbere uburyo bushya bw’igikoresho, aho diameter y’indorerwamo yatangiye kugera kuri metero 60-100. Noneho zikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kohereza amakuru, gutera imbere guhoraho hamwe niterambere rishya ryabahanga byagabanije gukenera inyubako nini zigera kuri metero 1.5 cyangwa se santimetero icumi.

Ubwoko n’ibishushanyo mbonera

Antenne ya reflektor ntabwo yonyine, ahubwo ni ubwoko bwa antenne yerekana. Byakoreshejwe muburyo butandukanye kandi no muburyo butandukanye bwa sitasiyo. Ingano, igishushanyo nibikoresho byo gukora biterwa nimirimo nintego. Indorerwamo zikozwe mu byuma cyangwa aluminiyumu hamwe n’amashanyarazi.
Mu myaka yashize, byakozwe mubihimbano cyangwa na plastiki, ariko hagomba kubaho ubuso bugaragaza – nabwo burahinduka. Amashanyarazi cyangwa icyuma, irangi ryamashanyarazi rirashobora gukoreshwa. Hariho ubundi bwoko:

• axisymmetric , hamwe nindorerwamo imwe cyangwa ebyiri, zisa cyangwa hamwe na reta-yerekana, impeta yibanze;
• offset , yaciwe mu ndorerwamo ya parabolike, hamwe nimirasire ihindagurika;
• UMUTWE, cyangwa antenne yicyiciro , uhereye kubisohoka byinshi, hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa antene (umurongo, gutera cyangwa ahantu);
• icyerekezo gike , hamwe nimirasire yagutse, nubwo hari ibitagenda neza, gukorana na satelite igaragara kandi ntibisaba ubundi buyobozi;
• ingendo y’urugendo – yazamuye (iyo ugereranije n’icyerekezo, ariko ikorera muri metero cyangwa decimeter).

Itondere! Guhitamo ibyokurya bya satelite kugirango byakire ibimenyetso bya TV bigomba gutegekwa nibitekerezo byinshi – ibikoresho (kurwanya ingaruka zituruka hanze, iyo bishyizwe mukirere), ubwoko bwumucyo nubwiza bwabyo, umubare wabahindura nuburyo bifatanye. Ikintu cyingenzi nuburyo bwiza, imbaraga no kurwanya ruswa.

Ubwoko bwa antene ya parabola [/ caption]

Gusaba no guterana

Igikoresho cyose cya radiyo yubukorikori ikoreshwa nka emitter cyangwa iyakira ni igice kama cya sisitemu kandi nikimwe mubintu byibanze. Kora-wenyine-amabwiriza biterwa n’ubwoko bwatoranijwe, ingano n’intego igenewe. Indorerwamo antenna ifite ibyiza byingenzi – ikora mubice bitandukanye. Ibikoresho nkibi bifite ubushobozi buke ugereranije nubushyuhe buke bwurusaku. Parabolike – abahagarariye cyane. Ubworoherane bwibikoresho ntibisobanura ko mugihe ubikoze wenyine, ntukeneye kuzirikana ibisabwa byihariye byateganijwe. Amakuru rusange muri rusange ari muri videwo ikurikira: https://youtu.be/6Cku8eGomec Diameter yisahani murwego rwagurishijwe kuva kuri cm 55 kugeza kuri 80, kandi ntabwo aribyo bihendutse mubyishimo. Abanyabukorikori bo murugo batanga amabwiriza menshi arambuye yo gukora antene, kimwe nuburyo bwo gushiraho no kugena: kuva guhitamo urubuga, kubara kugeza kumurongo wanyuma. Igihe kimwe, herekanwa ko ibikoresho byose bigomba kuba bigizwe nibice byinshi. Bimwe muribi birashobora gukorwa mumahugurwa mato, kugurwa ukundi mububiko bwihariye, cyangwa kugurwa nkigikoresho (ntabwo ibintu byose bishobora guhazwa hariya mubiranga ubwiza cyangwa imitungo, ariko bisohoka bihendutse murubu buryo, kandi ibintu byose biva uruganda rumwe). [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_3289” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “585”] yaguzwe mububiko bwihariye butandukanye cyangwa bwaguzwe nkurutonde (ngaho, ntabwo ibintu byose bishobora kuguhuza ukurikije ubuziranenge cyangwa imitungo, ariko biza bihendutse murubu buryo, kandi byose biva mubukora umwe). [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_3289” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “585”] yaguzwe mububiko bwihariye butandukanye cyangwa bwaguzwe nkurutonde (ngaho, ntabwo ibintu byose bishobora kuguhuza ukurikije ubuziranenge cyangwa imitungo, ariko biza bihendutse murubu buryo, kandi byose biva mubukora umwe). [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_3289” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “585”]
Nigute imbaraga ziterwa na diameter ya antenne [/ caption]

Ni ngombwa! Igice kirimo isahani yindorerwamo, iyakira (ubwoko bwayo biterwa nintego zikurikiranwa), ariko intego nyamukuru nukwakira no guhindura ikimenyetso kiva kuri satelite kijya kuri televiziyo, muburyo bwishusho, abahindura batatu batanga icyarimwe kwakirwa na satelite eshatu, kwizirika (bikunze kugaragara mubisobanuro, nka byinshi),
umugozi , umuhuza wo guhuza hamwe na antenna nyirizina.

Mugihe uhisemo ahantu washyira antene nkiyi, hitabwa kuruhande rwamajyepfo cyangwa amajyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba. Ibi ni ngombwa kuko satelite yose iherereye muri orbit ya geostationary kuva mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba kugera mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba. Niba nta Windows ireba amajyepfo, noneho inzira isigaye ni ugushiraho hejuru.

Birabujijwe gushyira antenne munsi yinzu yinzu.

Antenne yashizwe kumurongo wa 25 °, ni ukuvuga, irasa hepfo gato, nkuko bigaragara ku ifoto:
Iyo ushyizeho antene, azimuti ibarwa neza izafasha cyane. Kugirango umenye azimuth, koresha magnetiki. Ihujwe nubutaka kugirango ishyireho icyerekezo cyamajyaruguru. Birakenewe rero guhitamo ikintu icyo aricyo cyose cyerekanwe. Impamyabumenyi ibarwa ukurikije ibice bigabanijwe ku isaha (kuva kuri zeru, kugeza ku murongo uhuza n’ikintu cyatoranijwe). Nuburyo magnetiki azimuth ibarwa. Kugabanuka kwa magneti mukarere runaka byongeweho cyangwa bikururwa kubisubizo byabonetse. Kuringaniza antene, koresha verisiyo idasanzwe ya gahunda ya SATTV.
Nyuma yo kuyishyira munzira C: \ Porogaramu Idosiye \ SATTV 2.0 \ Zone, ibirindiro byayo bizaba birimo inzira zigana ahantu hakwirakwizwa. Kwinjiza ibikoresho byarangiye nibyiza gukorwa ukurikije amabwiriza yometse. Mubisanzwe isahani irateranijwe rwose, kandi nyuma yibyo bakomeza kwishyiriraho. Birasabwa gukoresha ibyuma bihamye bihagaritse ibyuma, bizagufasha kudashingira kumiterere yikirere no kudatakaza ubwiza bwibishusho. Kuringaniza neza imitwe no guhuza kwukuri kuri switch birakenewe kugirango uhuze igenamiterere rya tuner hamwe na antenna. Guteranya, gushiraho no gushiraho antenne ya parabolike yo kwakira ikimenyetso cya satelite: https://youtu.be/XNk-KTjEgEY

Ibiranga antenne yerekana

Gukoresha antene ya parabolike yabagize ikintu cy’ingenzi kitari mu mijyi gusa, ahubwo no mu cyaro. Ariko ibi ntibiterwa no gukwirakwiza televiziyo gusa. Zikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya radar, kubitumanaho bidafite umugozi, radiyo yerekana, icyogajuru hamwe n’ikirere, bikoreshwa mubikorwa bya telesikopi ya radio. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga igikoresho cyingirakamaro nubugari bwimiterere yimirasire, imiterere, imikorere ninyungu, ahantu heza, nibindi. Suzuma ibyingenzi:

• irradiator (1 cyangwa irenga), ikora icyitegererezo;
• ubugari bwa beam bugenwa nigikorwa nyamukuru – kwakira cyangwa guhererekanya, hariho formula zidasanzwe zibi;
• Imikorere irashobora guterwa nibishushanyo mbonera (indorerwamo idakomeye, mesh ikoreshwa kugirango yorohereze ibiro cyangwa igabanye guhangana nikirere).

[ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_3288” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “572”]
Antenna yibanze ya parabolike ndetse no mu nsinga. Muri videwo, shobuja ahishura amabanga yo gukora ibiryo bya satelite n’amaboko ye: https://youtu.be/HBkfdb6rK2E Mubyukuri bigaragara ko byoroshye mubisobanuro byabanyabukorikori, mubyukuri, bisaba ubuhanga bwakazi, ibikoresho nigihe cyubusa. Ibikoresho byakorewe murugo bihendutse, ariko ubwiza bwishusho kuri ecran ya TV ntabwo buri gihe bugera kurwego rwifuzwa. Mugihe uguze ibikoresho byateguwe, ugomba gusobanura neza aho biherereye gusa, ariko kandi nibipimo. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe two mu Burusiya, diameter ntarengwa irahagije kugira ngo yakire imiyoboro imwe,