Parabolic antenna – mabhesi ekushandisa, kusangana uye kuisirwa

Parabolic antenna mune zvesainzi masosi inogona kunzi parabolic reflector kana reflector antenna. Ichi chigadzirwa chemichina chakagadzirirwa kuunganidza simba. Kukwira pairi, ndege isaisa inoshandurwa kuita denderedzwa uye inonangidzirwa panzvimbo yepakati. Reverse process inogonekawo, kana masaisai akatenderera achishandurwa kuita masaisai endege. Izvi zvinoda mhando dzakasiyana uye mafomu echishandiso, zvinoenderana nechinangwa chakatarwa uye chiyero chekushandiswa.

Common Applications

Mukutaura kwecolloquial, pfungwa dzesatellite uye parabolic antennas dzinozivikanwa, asi nyanzvi chete dzinoziva kuti chii uye nei mudziyo wakadaro uchidikanwa, mune nhete yehunyanzvi. Pane michina yakasiyana-siyana yakagadzirirwa kugamuchira chiratidzo kubva kune imwe yemasatelliti akawanda anotenderera Pasi. Parabolic antenna imwe yemhando yekugamuchira mudziyo ine yayo yakasiyana misiyano.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva nebudiriro

G. Hertz akashandisa parabolic reflectors mubasa rake rekuedza. Pakupera kwezana ramakore risati rapfuura, akagadzira antenna ine aperture inodarika mita, ichishanda pamafafitera akanyatsotsanangurwa. Nemuchina wekugamuchira uye wekutumira waishandiswa nemusayendisiti, akaratidza kuvapo kwemafungu emagetsi emagetsi akafanotaurwa naMaxwell. Ipapo nguva yekuvandudza uye inoshanda yekushandisa yakatanga:

1. Muchikamu chekutanga chechitatu chezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, G. Marconi, muvambi wokuItaly, akakwanisa kutumira chiratidzo kuchikepe chaiyangarara mugungwa, chinhambwe chakati kuti kubva kumhenderekedzo yegungwa.
2. Kwapera gore, mudziyo wakafanana wakashandiswa kumisikidza kufambiswa kwemashoko neredhiyo mhiri kwakafara strait.
3. G. Grote akavaka PA hombe yekutanga uye nerubatsiro rwayo aiita chidzidzo chenyeredzi. The reflector diameter haina kana kudarika gumi mamita.
4. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, basa rakanangwa rakatanga pakuvandudza radar, izvo zvakapa simba rakasimba mukuvandudza nekuvandudzwa kwemidziyo, zvakakonzera kubuda kwerudzi rutsva rweantenna yakashongedzerwa nemadhizaini echikamu.

Cherechedza! Mumakore ekupedzisira kwehondo, USSR neU.SA vakagadzira nzira itsva dzechigadzirwa, umo hupamhi hwegirazi hwakatanga kusvika 60-100 mamita. Iye zvino anoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekufambisa data, kuvandudzwa kwechigarire uye kuvandudzwa kutsva kwesainzi kwakaderedza kudiwa kwezvivakwa zvakakura kusvika pamamita 1.5 kana kunyange makumi emasendimita.

Mhando uye maitiro ekugadzira

Reflector antennas haisiriyo yega, asi yakajairika mhando yeanotungamira antenna. Iwo anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye pamhando dzakasiyana dzezviteshi. Saizi, dhizaini uye zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinoenderana nemabasa uye chinangwa. Mirrors yakagadzirwa nesimbi kana aluminium alloys ane magetsi conductivity.
Mumakore achangopfuura, akagadzirwa kubva kucomposites kana kunyange mapurasitiki, asi pachine panofanirwa kuve neinotaridzika pamusoro – inosiyanawo. Metal mesh kana foil, magetsi conductive pendi inogona kushandiswa. Kune dzimwe mhando:

• axisymmetric , ine imwe kana maviri magirazi, symmetrical kana ne-counter-reflector, ring focus;
• offset , iyo inochekwa kubva mugirazi reparabolic, ine chinja chemwaranzi maitiro;
• HEADLIGHTS, kana nhanho dzeantenna arrays , kubva kune akati wandei emitters, nemhando dzakasiyana dzeantenna (strip, thrust kana slot);
• isina kusimba , iine mwaranzi yakafara pateni, kunyangwe paine zvikanganiso, kushanda nemasatellite akaonekwa uye asingade imwe nhungamiro;
• kufamba mafungu – anovandudzwa (kana achienzaniswa neasina-directional, asi anoshanda mumamita kana decimeter renji).

Attention! Sarudzo yedhishi yesatiraiti yekugamuchira masaini eTV inofanirwa kuverengerwa nekufunga kwakati wandei – zvinhu (kupokana nekunze pesvedzero, kana yaiswa mumhepo), rudzi rwekuratidzira uye hunhu hwayo, nhamba yevashanduri uye mabatirwo avakaitwa. Mamiriro akakosha emhando, simba uye kushorwa nekuora.

Kushandisa uye kubatanidza

Chero redhiyo engineering mudziyo unoshandiswa seemitter kana inogamuchira i organic chikamu cheiyo system uye chimwe chezvinhu zvayo zvakakosha. Ita-iwe-iwe pachako mirairo inoenderana nerudzi rwakasarudzwa, saizi uye chinangwa chinangwa. Iyo girazi antenna ine zvakakosha zvakakosha – inoshanda mumhando dzakasiyana. Midziyo yakadaro ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye tembiricha yakadzika ruzha. Parabolic – yavo yakajairika mumiriri. Izvo zviri nyore zvechigadzirwa hazvirevi kuti kana uchizviita iwe pachako, haufaniri kufunga nezvezvinodiwa zvekuraira kwega. Ruzivo rwakanyanya rwuri muvhidhiyo iri pazasi: https://youtu.be/6Cku8eGomec Iyo dhayamita yeplate iri mumhando inotengeswa inobva pa55 cm kusvika 80, uye iyi haisi iyo yakachipa yemafaro. Mhizha dzepamba dzinopa mirairo yakawanda yakadzama yekugadzira antenna, pamwe nekuisa uye kugadzirisa: kubva pakusarudza saiti, kuverenga kusvika kumisikidzwa yekupedzisira. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinoratidzwa kuti chero kititi inofanira kuva nezvikamu zvakawanda. Zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kugadzirwa mumini-workshop, kutengwa zvakasiyana muchitoro chakakosha, kana kutengwa sekiti (kwete zvese zvinogona kugutsikana ipapo maererano nemhando kana zvivakwa, asi zvinobuda zvakachipa nenzira iyi, uye zvese zvinobva. mumwe mugadziri). inotengwa muchitoro chakakosha zvakasiyana kana kutengwa seti (ikoko, hazvisi zvese zvinogona kukukodzera maererano nemhando kana zvivakwa, asi zvinobuda zvakachipa nenzira iyi, uye zvese zvinobva kune mumwe mugadziri). inotengwa muchitoro chakakosha zvakasiyana kana kutengwa seti (ikoko, hazvisi zvese zvinogona kukukodzera maererano nemhando kana zvivakwa, asi zvinobuda zvakachipa nenzira iyi, uye zvese zvinobva kune mumwe mugadziri).
Simba rinoenderana sei nehupamhi hweantenna [/ Caption]

Zvakakosha! Iyo seti inosanganisira ndiro yegirazi, inogamuchira (rudzi rwayo rwunoenderana nezvinangwa zvinoteedzerwa), asi chinangwa chikuru ndechekugamuchira uye kushandura chiratidzo kubva kune satellite kuenda kuTV skrini, muchimiro chemufananidzo, matatu anoshandura anopa panguva imwe chete. kugamuchira kubva kumasetelliti matatu, zvisungo (zvinowanzoonekwa mune tsananguro, senge multifeed), tambo , zvibatanidza zvekubatanidza uye iyo chaiyo antenna gomo.

Pakusarudza nzvimbo yekuisa antenna yakadaro, sarudzo inopiwa kumaodzanyemba kana kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti ese masatellite anowanikwa mune geostationary orbit kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Kana pasina mahwindo akatarisa kumaodzanyemba, saka sarudzo chete yasara ndeyekuisa padenga.

Zvinorambidzwa kuisa antenna pasi pebb yedenga.

Iyo antenna yakaiswa pakona ye25 °, ndiko kuti, inotarisa zvishoma pasi, sepamufananidzo:
Pakumisa antenna, azimuth yakanyatso kuverengwa ichabatsira zvikuru. Kuti uone azimuth, shandisa magnetic kambasi. Yakarongedzerwa yakaenzana nepasi kuti igadzire nzira yekuchamhembe. Saka zvinodikanwa kusarudza chero chinhu kune referenzi point. Dhigirii rinoverengwa zvichienderana nezvikamu zvekambasi newachi (kubva pazero, kusvika kumutsara unobatanidza nechinhu chakasarudzwa). Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo magnetic azimuth inoverengwa. Iyo magnetic declination yeimwe dunhu inowedzerwa kana kubviswa kune mhedzisiro yakawanikwa. Kuti uise antenna, shandisa shanduro yakakosha yeSATTV chirongwa.
Mushure mekuimisa munzira C:\Program Files\SATTV 2.0\Zone, zvigadziko zvayo zvichange zvine nzira dzekuenda kunzvimbo dzekuvharira satellite. Kuiswa kwekiti yakapedzwa kunonyanya kuitwa maererano nemirairo yakabatanidzwa. Kazhinji ndiro inounganidzwa zvachose, uye chete mushure mezvo vanoenderera mberi nekuiswa. Inokurudzirwa kushandisa yakasimba yakagadzika vertical metal bracket, iyo ichakubvumidza kuti urege kuvimba nemamiriro ekunze uye usarasikirwa nemhando yemufananidzo. Kunyatso gadzirisa misoro uye kubatana kwavo kwakaringana kune switch kunodiwa kuti uenderane netuner marongero uye zvinongedzo muantenna. Kuunganidza, kuisa uye kugadzirisa parabolic antenna yekugamuchira satellite chiratidzo: https://youtu.be/XNk-KTjEgEY

Hunhu hwe reflector antennas

Kushandiswa kweparabolic antennas kwakavaita chinhu chakakosha kwete chemudhorobha chete, asiwo chekumaruwa. Asi izvi zvinokonzerwa kwete chete nekupararira kweterevhizheni yesatellite. Iwo anoshandiswa mune radar masisitimu, kune isina waya yekutaurirana, redhiyo relay, setiraiti uye interspace, anoshandiswa mumabasa eredhiyo teresikopu. Hunhu hukuru hwechishandiso chinobatsira hupamhi hweiyo radiation pateni, chimiro chayo, kugona uye kuwana, nzvimbo inoshanda, zvichingodaro. Funga izvo zvikuru:

• irradiator (1 kana kupfuura), inoumba muenzaniso;
• hupamhi hwedanda hunotarirwa nebasa guru – kugamuchira kana kutumira, kune maitiro anokosha eizvi;
• Kubudirira kunogona kuenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira (isina-solid girazi, mesh inoshandiswa kurerutsa huremu kana kuderedza kuramba kwemamiriro ekunze).

Parabolic antenna tarisiro [/ Caption] Imba yakagadzirwa setiraiti dish inogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakawanda – kunama nekongiri base, kubva kune yakare amburera uye aluminium foil (amplifier ine magetsi inodiwa), kubva kune yakatetepa simbi sheet, kubva kuplexiglass. uye kunyange kubva pawaya. Muvhidhiyo, tenzi anoratidza zvakavanzika zvekugadzira satellite dish nemaoko ake pachake: https://youtu.be/HBkfdb6rK2E Inoratidzika seyo nyore mukutsanangurwa kwemhizha, chaizvoizvo, inoda humwe unyanzvi hwebasa, zvishandiso uye nguva yekusununguka. Zvishandiso zvinogadzirwa pamba zvakachipa, asi mhando yemufananidzo paTV skrini haisvike padanho raunoda. Paunenge uchitenga kititi chakagadzirirwa, iwe unofanirwa kutsanangura zvakajeka kwete chete nzvimbo, asiwo ma parameter. Mune mamwe matunhu eRussia, dhayamita shoma inokwana kugamuchira chiteshi chega,