Isgaadhsiinta Hawada Sare ee Ganacsiga Midaysan ee Dawlada Dhexe: taariikhda iyo rajada horumarka, ururinta dayax gacmeedka

Shirkad Midaysan ee Dawlada Dhexe “Isgaadhsiinta Hawada” (GP KS), Eng. Shirkadda Isgaarsiinta Satellite-ka ee Ruushka (RSCC) waa mareegaha isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedka ee ay dowladdu leedahay, website-ka rasmiga ah https://www.rscc.ru/. Dhaqdhaqaaqa in ka badan 50 sano:
Waxay leedahay kooxda ugu weyn ee dayax-gacmeedyada geostationary ee dalka – 12 qalab, iyo sidoo kale 5 xarumaha isgaarsiinta hawada dhulka ku salaysan oo ku yaalla gobollada kala duwan ee dalka. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa RSCC inay bixiso caymiska caalamiga ah oo ay bixiso dhammaan noocyada adeegyada isgaarsiinta satellite-ka ma aha oo kaliya macaamiisha Ruushka, laakiin sidoo kale ururada ka socda 58 waddan shisheeye.

Taariikhda horumarka

Taariikhda FSUE “Isgaarsiinta Space” waxay bilaabatay 1957, iyada oo la bilaabay dayax-gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay ee Soofiyeedka ee ku wareegay dhulka. Sannadihii 1960-aadkii, isgaadhsiinta dayax-gacmeedka ayaa si firfircoon loo horumariyay Midowga Soofiyeeti. Haddaba, sannadkii 1965-kii, dayax-gacmeedka Molniya-1 waxa loo diray wareeg aad u saraysa oo elliptical ah, iyadoo la kaashanayo baahinta tijaabada ah ee barnaamijyada talefishinada iyo fadhiyada telefoonnada. 2 sano ka dib, 20 xarumood oo Orbita ah ayaa ka shaqeynayay dalka, taas oo suurtagelisay in la sameeyo baahinta telefishinka iyada oo loo marayo dayax-gacmeedka caadiga ah.

Noofambar 4, 1967 – maalinta bilawga baahinta telefishinka joogtada ah ee nidaamka dayax-gacmeedka “Orbita” – waxaa loo tixgeliyaa dhalashada RSCC. Inkasta oo amarka rasmiga ah ee samaynta “Space Communications Station” ay soo saartay Wasaaradda Isgaadhsiinta Soofiyeedka sanad ka dib. Oo ururku wuxuu helay heerka shirkad federaali ah oo midaysan bishii Abriil 2001.

Waqtiyo muhiim ah oo laga soo bilaabo taariikhda RSCC:

• 1976 – wuxuu bilaabay dayax-gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay ee si toos ah loo baahiyo “Ekran”;
• 1980 – abaabulka baahinta dayax-gacmeedka Olombikada Moscow;
• 1998 – bilawga iskaashiga saaraha gudaha ee tiknoolajiyada hawada NPO PM iyo shirkadda Faransiiska ee Alcatel ee wax soo saarka iyo bixinta culeyska satalaytka ee qaabka cusub ee Express-A;
• 2000 – oo bilaabay laba dayax-gacmeed oo Express-A ah oo galay orbit, bilawga cusboonaysiinta kooxda dayax-gacmeedka ee Ruushka;
• 2009 – Shirweynihii caalamiga ahaa ee Paris ee Isgaarsiinta Satellite-ka, RSCC waxay heshay heerka ugu wanaagsan ee hawlwadeenka dayax-gacmeedka gobolka ee sanadka;
• 2014 – 2015 – furitaanka toddobo dayax-gacmeed oo cusub oo taxane ah oo taxane ah oo loo yaqaan ‘Express-A’ oo galay orbit, korodhka kheyraadka kooxda dayax-gacmeedka gudaha 2.5 jeer;
• 2017 – WTA waxaa ku daray FSUE “Space Systems” shanta ugu sareysa ee teleports ee u koraya ee ugu dhaqsaha badan adduunka iyo TOP-20 ee hawlwadeennada dayax-gacmeedka adduunka ugu weyn.

Hadda, GP KS wuxuu horey ugu jiraa TOP-10 hawl wadeennada ugu waaweyn adduunka. Maamulka shirkadda ayaa sheegay in hadafkeeda istiraatijiyadeed uu yahay inay ku faanto inay ka mid noqoto shanta shirkadood ee ugu sarreeya shirkadaha dayax-gacmeedka ee adduunka. Hadafkani waa mid la gaari karo, tan iyo maanta FSUE “Space Systems” waa bixiyaha adeegga isgaarsiinta satellite-ka ee 58 waddan oo kala duwan oo adduunka ah. Soo deji FSUE Nidaamka Horumarinta Hal-abuurka leh ee Nidaamyada Hawada Sare : FSUE Barnaamijka Horumarinta Isgaarsiinta Hawada

Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ee ku saabsan shirkadda

Ganacsiga Dawlada Dhexe ee Dawlada Dhexe “Isgaarsiinta Space” waxay ku shaqeysaa ku saleysan shatiyada gobolka:

• No. 928K – hirgelinta hawlaha meel bannaan;
• 181604 – bixinta adeegyada isgaarsiinta ee dhulka ee Ruushka;
• 140430 – bixinta adeegyada isgaarsiinta ee hawada hawada ee dhulka Federation Ruush.

By the way! Liiska buuxa ee shatiyada saxda ah ee ururka waxaa laga heli karaa shabakadeeda rasmiga ah, qaybta “Shirkadda” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#documents.

Si loo joogteeyo shaqada saldhigyada dhulka iyo dhismaha tas-hiilaadka cusub, RSCC waxay sidoo kale fulisaa shaqada dhismaha iyo naqshadeynta. Si taas loo gaaro, shirkaddu waxay ku biirtay darajooyinka ururada is-xakamaynta NP ProektSvyaz Telecom iyo NP StroySvyaz Telecom. Hay’adahani waxay heystaan ​​ogolaanshaha lagama maarmaanka u ah naqshadeynta iyo dhismaha raasamaalka.

Muhiim! Caasimada la oggolaaday ee FSUE “Space Systems” waa 100,097,000 rubles.

Xafiiska madaxa ee GP KS wuxuu ku yaalaa Moscow ciwaanka Nikoloyamsky per., 3a, dhismaha 1. Intaa waxaa dheer, shirkadu waxay leedahay 5 laamood (waxay sidoo kale yihiin xarumaha isgaarsiinta hawada) iyo xarun farsamo. Cinwaanadooda:

• xarunta farsamada Shabolovka – Moscow, st. Shabolovka, 37 dhismaha 6;
• CKS Dubna – Gobolka Moscow, Dubna, st. Alexandrovka, 43;
• CKS Zheleznogorsk – Krasnoyarsk Territory, Zheleznogorsk, st. Krasnoyarskaya, d. 4A;
• CKS Bear Lakes – Gobolka Moscow, degmada Schelkovsky, tuulada. Harooyinka Bear, p / o “Hooyinka Bear”;
• CKS Skolkovo – Gobolka Moscow, degmada Odintsovo, tuulada. Marfino, Skolkovskoe shosse, 1;
• CKS Khabarovsk – Khabarovsk Territory, degmada Khabarovsk, oo leh. Sergeevka, oo 21-km u jirta waddada weyn ee Sarapul, No. 7.

By the way! Waxaad ka hubin kartaa lambarada taleefanka ee laamaha RSCC iyo qayb-hoosaadyada ururka boggeeda rasmiga ah, qaybta “Xiriirka” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#contacts.

Laga soo bilaabo Juun 2021, Aleksey Konstantinovich Volin wuxuu ahaa maamulaha FSUE Kosmicheskaya Svyaz. Ka hor inta aan loo magacaabin, waxa uu dowladda Ruushka ka soo shaqeeyay ilaa 10 sano oo uu soo noqday Wasiir ku xigeenka Wasaaradda Horumarinta Dijital ah iyo Isgaarsiinta iyo Warbaahinta. Hawsha ugu weyn ee Volin inta lagu guda jiro muddadan waxay ahayd wareejinta baahinta telefishinka Ruushka laga bilaabo analoogga loona wareejiyo qaab dijital ah.
Golaha maamulka ee ururka waxa kale oo ka mid ah:

• Ku xigeenka koowaad ee agaasimaha guud – Yury Valentinovich Prokhorov;
• Ku xigeenka koowaad ee agaasimaha guud – Ganin Alexander Anatolyevich;
• Ku-xigeenka Agaasimaha Guud ee Horumarinta iyo Hawlaha Nidaamyada Isgaarsiinta – Evgeniy Buidinov;
• agaasimaha hawlgalka kooxda orbital – Gruzintsev Evgeny Vladimirovich;
• Agaasimaha xarunta ganacsiga Shabolovka – Yakovlev Alexander Viktorovich;
• agaasimaha CKS Dubna – Duka Alexander Petrovich;
• Agaasimaha CSK Bear Lakes – Artemyev Valery Ivanovich;
• Agaasimaha CKS Khabarovsk – Kovalenko Viktor Vasilyevich;
• Agaasimaha CKS Skolkovo – Krylov Alexander Mikhailovich;
• Agaasimaha CKS Zheleznogorsk – Muratov Rais Vasilyevich.

Inta badan wakiilada shaqaalaha sare ee RSCC waxay leeyihiin waxbarasho gaar ah iyo khibrad dheer oo dhanka isgaarsiinta ah iyo isgaarsiinta satellite-ka, abaal-marinaha dowladda iyo shahaadooyinka tacliinta. Soo deji jaantuska Isgaarsiinta Isgaarsiineed ee Ganacsiga Mideysan ee Gobolka Federaalka: Axdiga GP KS

Liiska adeegyada ay bixiso FSUE “Space Systems”

Liiska adeegyada FSUE “Space Systems” waxaa ka mid ah:

• baahinta telefishinka dhijitaalka ah iyo baahinta raadiyaha – baahinta tooska ah ee federaalka iyo tan tooska ah, abaabulka daalacashada TV-ga, bixinta madal tignoolajiyadeed ee wariyeyaasha;
• adeegyada isgaarsiinta – bixinta kheyraadka dayax-gacmeedka, oo ay ku jiraan gelitaanka satalaytka broadband, kireynta satalaytka iyo kanaalada isgaarsiinta dhulka, shabakadda VSAT, adeegyada isgaarsiinta ee maraakiibta;
• xakamaynta iyo maaraynta dayax-gacmeedyada ;
• abaabulka helitaanka Internet ballaaran .

Awoodaha dayax-gacmeedka ee shirkadu waxay u ogolaataa inay bixiso adeegyo maaha kaliya Ruushka oo dhan, laakiin sidoo kale wadamada kale ee adduunka. Shabakadda VSAT ee ay dhistay RSCC waxay si buuxda u dabooshaa biyaha badda Arctic iyo Atlantic, Mediterranean-ka, Waqooyiga, Japan, Caspian, Baltic, Okhotsk iyo dhammaan badaha waqooyiga ee lagu dhaqo Ruushka, oo ay ku jiraan Waqooyiga Badda.

xiddigaha dayax-gacmeedka

Shirkadda Unitary State Federal “Space Systems” waxay leedahay kooxda ugu weyn ee dayax-gacmeedka ee Ruushka, oo ka kooban 12 baabuur. Dayax gacmeedyada juqraafiyeed ee RSCC waxay ka shaqeeyaan kooxaha C, Ku, Ka iyo L. ilaa 140 ° E, taas oo u oggolaanaysa inay daboolaan dhammaan dhulka Ruushka, iyo sidoo kale wadamada CIS, Bariga Dhexe, Yurub, Aasiya-Baasifigga, Afrika, Australia iyo Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Ameerika.

Kaabayaasha dhulka

FSUE “Space Systems” waxay leedahay kaabayaasha dhulka oo ballaaran, oo ay ku jiraan 5 xarumood oo isgaarsiineed iyo hal saldhig dayax-gacmeed. Qaybta dhexe ee nidaamkani waa xarunta farsamada ee Shabolovka, taas oo isku xirta CKS iyo saldhigga isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedka ee xarumaha beddelka ee Ruushka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee Moscow. Hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee xarunta Shabolovka :

• samaynta, abaabulka, habaynta, habaynta iyo beddelka kanaalada dhijitaalka ah iyo waddooyinka;
• dayactirka qaybta dhulka ee isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedka;
• dayactirka shabakadaha isgaarsiinta SE CC;
• dayactirka iyo maamulka shabakadaha shirkadda;
• isku xirka isticmaalayaasha adeegyada isgaarsiinta.

CKS Dubna waxaa la aasaasay 1980, maantana waa talefoonka ugu weyn ee Ruushka waxaana lagu daray TOP Yurub ee isgaarsiinta ugu weyn. Lagu qalabeeyay:

• 24 saldhigyada dhulka transceiver leh anteenooyinkooda 2.4 ilaa 32 mitir oo loogu talagalay abaabulka kanaalada isgaarsiinta;
• 27 saldhigyada dhulka transceiver ee kantaroolka hawada sare iyo telemetry;
• 11 xarumaha cabbiraadda iyo kormeerka;
• 2 khadadka isgaarsiinta fiber optic madax-bannaan ee 20 Gbps;
• 4 feederayaal danab sare leh.

ZKS Zheleznogorsk wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii meel adag oo ka mid ah qaybta bari ee FSUE “Space Systems” dayax-gacmeedka. Shaqadiisu waxay bilaabatay 2004tii. MCC-du waxay xakameysaa oo ilaalisaa satalaytka ku yaal 32° ilaa 154° E. Lagu qalabeeyay:

• 10 saldhigyada cabbiraadda talisyada iyo telemetry ee helitaanka telemetry, go’aaminta goobta hawada sare iyo xakamaynta iyaga;
• 7 xarumaha cabbiraadda iyo kormeerka;
• 3 saldhigyada dhulka transceiver si ay u bixiyaan isgaarsiinta ka dhexeeya MCCs;
• 4 Kaydinta helitaanka iyo soo gudbinta idaacadaha ee abaabulka baahinta telefishanka iyo raadiyaha ee Siberiya iyo Bariga Fog;
• 5 helida iyo ka-qaadista xarumaha gudbinta si ay u siiyaan adeegyada isgaarsiinta macaamiisha;
• 2 khadadka isgaarsiinta fiber optic;
• 2 feeders danab sare.

CKS Bear Lakes waxaa la aasaasay 1967. Maanta waxay u shaqeysaa sidii madal loogu talagalay bixinta adeegyada telefishinka iyo isgaarsiinta ee macaamiisha SE CU. Sidoo kale dhulka xarunta waxaa ku yaal xarun isku-duubni ah, oo hawsheedu ay tahay in la hubiyo sii wadida baahinta telefishinka haddii ay dhacdo in qalabku xumaado Shabolovka.
CKS Skolkovo waxaa la aasaasay bishii December 2003. Shaqadeeda ugu weyn waa in ay hubiso hawlgalka goobaha ganacsiga ee dayax-gacmeedka, iyo sidoo kale soo dhaweynta xogta satalaytka ee arc ka 27 ° W. ilaa 102°E Si taas loo sameeyo, xaruntu waxay leedahay:

• 8 xarumo-gudbiyeyaal badan oo foosto ah;
• 33 anteenooyinkooda oo go’an oo dib loo celin karo laga bilaabo 2.5 ilaa 6.3 mitir;
• Xarunta xakamaynta kaydka ee dayax gacmeedka;
• 2 madax-banaan khadadka isgaarsiinta fiber optic.

TsKS Khabarovsk – isgaarsiinta ugu weyn ee Bariga Fog – waxaa la aasaasay 2004. Shaqadeeda waxaa ka mid ah abaabulka kanaalada isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedka, taageerada telefishanka iyo baahinta raadiyaha iyo shabakadaha VSAT. Si taas loo gaaro, dhismuhu wuxuu ku qalabeysan yahay 20 xarumood oo isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedka ah oo leh anteenooyinkooda 2.4 ilaa 9 mitir, iyo sidoo kale qalabka telemetry, tijaabooyinka orbital, xakamaynta transponder satellite-ka. Saldhigga isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedka Vladimir sanadkii 1971, iyo 2009kii wuxuu hoos maray awoodda GP-ga KS. Loo isticmaalo in lagu qabto hawlaha soo socda:

• bixinta adeegyada isgaarsiinta satellite-ka ee C-, Ku- iyo L-bands;
• bixinta isgaarsiinta telefoonka;
• taageerada TV-ga iyo kanaalada raadiyaha;
• bixinta isgaarsiinta dowladda guurguura;
• xakamaynta iyo xakamaynta telemetric ee satalaytka taxanaha Express-AM meel ka 20° W. ilaa 103°E

Sidaa darteed, kaabayaasha dhulka ee FSUE “Space Systems”, oo ay weheliso awoodaha satalaytkeeda, waxay u ogolaataa shirkadda inay bixiso adeegyada isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedka kaliya maahan macaamiisha Ruushka ee dalka oo dhan, laakiin sidoo kale macaamiisha ajnabiga ah.