Izixhumi ze-HDMI kunye neentambo kubo: iintlobo, i-pinout

Izixhumi zeHDMI kunye neentambo kubo – iintlobo kunye nokujonga. Nangona umdibaniso we-HDMI uzimise ngokuqinileyo njengomgangatho wokudibanisa i-electronics, kukho nabo abasebenzisi abangekabinaxesha lokuqonda izinto ezintsonkothileyo kunye neempawu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngolu jongano: malunga ne-HDMI izixhumi kunye neentlobo zentambo, indlela yokukhetha okulungileyo, kwaye uthethe malunga neenzuzo kunye nokungonakali.

Yintoni ikhonkco ye-HDMI – inkcazo ngokubanzi

I-HDMI ngumgangatho wokuhanjiswa ngaxeshanye zombini iividiyo kunye neempawu zomsindo. Inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokudlulisa idatha, ayicinezeli idatha, kwaye umfanekiso kunye nesandi zihanjiswa kumgangatho wazo wokuqala. Isetyenziselwa ukuqhagamshela iimonitha zikamabonwakude kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo, kodwa umxholo ovakalayo unokuhanjiswa ngokulula ngojongano. Namhlanje, inguqulo 2.1 ibalulekile kwi-HDMI. Ivele kwi-2017 kwaye yabizwa ngokuba yi-Ultra High Speed ​​​​HDMI Cable.

Intambo iyahambelana ne-interfaces yesizukulwana sangaphambili, eqinisweni, kuphela i-bandwidth ishintshile.

Iindidi ze-HDMI izixhumi

Namhlanje kwintengiso ungafumana iindidi ngeendidi zeentambo. Ubungakanani babo bunokuhluka ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya kwincinci (mini). Abanye banokuba ne-1 standard output (A) kunye ne-micro yesibini (C). Ezinjalo, umzekelo, zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhamera kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincinci kwilaptop okanye kwiTV. Ubungakanani babo alunampembelelo kwisantya sokuhanjiswa kweaudio okanye ividiyo. Iintlobo zeziqhagamshelo:

• Uhlobo lwe-A lubukhulu bomdibaniso oqhelekileyo, ofunyenwe kwiteknoloji enemilinganiselo emikhulu.
• Uhlobo D kunye no-C ziinguqulelo ezincinci zeentambo ze-HDMI. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwizixhobo ezincinci ezifana neelaptops, iilaptops ezincinci, iikhamera.
• Uhlobo lwe-B luyintambo eneshaneli yevidiyo eyandisiweyo ehambisa imifanekiso kumgangatho ophezulu kune-1080p, kodwa ayifane isetyenziswe ekusebenzeni.
• Uhlobo lwe-E ludibaniso olunesitshixo, owona msebenzi uphambili kukulungisa ngokukhuselekileyo ikhebula ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuqhawulwa. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwezinye izixhobo zemultimedia nakwiimoto.

Iintlobo zeentambo.

• I- HDMI 1.0-1.2 . Inokwakhiwa ukuba iqhube kwi-720p kunye ne-1080i kwaye ine-bandwidth ye-5Gbps.
• I-HDMI enikezelwe kwiimoto . Inamandla afanayo nowandulelayo, kodwa inokucinezela ukuphazamiseka kwiinkqubo zezithuthi zomntu wesithathu. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa abadlali beaudio kunye nezixhobo ezinomboniso wevidiyo.
• I-HDMI 1.3-1.4 . Ixhasa isisombululo se-4K kwi-30Hz, kunye noMbala onzulu kunye ne-3D. Izinga lokudlulisa lingafikelela kwi-10 Gbps.
• I-HDMI esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kwiimoto . Akukho nto yahlukileyo kuleyo yangaphambili, kodwa ngokulungiselela iimoto.
• I-HDMI2.0 . Le nguqulo yentambo inokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwisisombululo se-4K. Ixhasa i-60Hz, i-HDR kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwemibala. Ububanzi – 18 Gbps.
• I- HDMI 2.1 . Le nguqulo isebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwisisombululo se-8K kwi-120Hz, iphinde ixhase i-HDR, kwaye izinga lokudlulisa idatha yi-48Gbps. Akoyiki ukuphazamiseka okunokudala iinethiwekhi ezingenazintambo.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwiimonitha zokudlala ze-4K ezinezinga lokuhlaziya le-240 Hz, intambo ye-HDMI ayiyi kusebenza. Iya kukwazi ukusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwi-120 Hz, kwaye ukuze ufumane ireyithi yokuhlaziya ephezulu, kuya kufuneka uhlise isisombululo kwi-Full HD.

I-Pinout

Iintambo ze-HDMI zihlala zisebenzisa izikhonkwane ze-19, amaqela e-5 e-3 cores, kunye ne-4 ngaphezulu iza ngokwahlukileyo. Ngamnye wabelwa inani. Abayi-9 bokuqala banoxanduva lomqondiso wevidiyo, emva koko kukho abafowunelwa aba-3 abanoxanduva lwefrikhwensi yewotshi yesikrini (Hz). Izikhonkwane ze-13, i-14 kunye ne-15 zizikhonkwane zenkonzo, kwaye ezi-3 eziseleyo ziyi-detector yokudibanisa kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla. Akukho kuphawulwa kombala okwamkelwe ngokubanzi kwiicores, ngoko ke abavelisi banokusebenzisa eyabo. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ezona ziphambili zihlulwe zibe ngamaqela ama-3 kulo myalelo: obomvu, oluhlaza kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ucingo lokuqala lupeyintwe mhlophe ukuze kuncitshiswe ithuba leempazamo zeengcingo.

Waphila	Umqondiso	Iqela
1	Idatha ye-TMDS2+	Bomvu (A)
2	Isikrini se-TMDS Data2
3	Idatha ye-TMDS2 –
ezine	Idatha ye-TMDS1+	Luhlaza (B)
Ntlanu	TMDS Data1 Isikrini
6	Idatha ye-TMDS1 –
7	Idatha ye-TMDS0+	Bulu (C)
8	TMDS Data0 Isikrini
Thoba	Idatha ye-TMDS0 –
10	TMDS Clock+	Brown (D)
Shumi elinanye	TMDS Clock Screen
12	Ikloko ye-TMDS-
13	I-CEC	–
Shumi elinane	Uncedo/HEAC+	Mthubi (E)
15	I-SCL	–
Shumi elinesthandathu	SDA	–
17	I-DDC / CEC Umhlaba	Mthubi (E)
Shumi elinesibhozo	Amandla (+5V)	–
Shumi elinethoba	Iplagi eshushu ifunyenwe	Mthubi (E)

Kwitheyibhile unokubona ukuba loluphi unxibelelwano olunoxanduva lwantoni. Imibala yabafowunelwa abancinci idla ngokushiywa ingatshintshwanga.

Izinto ezilungileyo kunye nezingeloncedo kwi-HDMI interface xa udibanisa iTV

Phantse yonke iTV yanamhlanje kunye ne-receiver ine-interface ye-HDMI. Abasebenzisi bakhetha ukuyisebenzisa njengendlela yabo yokuqala yoqhagamshelwano. Iinzuzo zayo eziphambili ziquka:

• akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa iingcingo ezininzi, ekubeni zombini isandi kunye nevidiyo zithunyelwa ngentambo enye;
• I-HDMI ifanelekile kwaye ilula;
• umgangatho ophezulu wokuhanjiswa kwedatha;
• ukukwazi ukudibanisa izixhobo ezininzi ngentambo enye.

Le ndlela ayinayo imiqobo, kodwa kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kubude kunye nohlobo lwentambo. Ukuba ufuna ikhebula elide kuneemitha ezili-10, kuya kufuneka usebenzise i-amplifiers, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwevidiyo ye-4K udinga i-HDMI version 2.0 okanye i-2.1. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo xa uqhagamshela kwiTV kukukwazi ukutshintsha isixhobo sokukhupha ngaphandle kokuqhawula intambo. Ngokomzekelo, i-TV isebenza kunye nesitya sesathelayithi, kodwa ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungasebenzisa ucingo olufanayo ukudibanisa esinye isixhobo esiphumayo.

Indlela yokukhetha intambo ye-HDMI efanelekileyo

Njengomthetho, umgangatho wentambo ye-HDMI ayixhomekanga kuphela kwinguqulo, kodwa nakwizinto ezisetyenziswa kuyo. Umenzi ubaluleke ngokufanayo, ekubeni umsebenzisi akakwazi ukuvavanya ikhebula ngexesha lokuthenga. Ukuba uthenga iinketho zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokuqhuba kwimpahla ephantsi. Kufuneka uqale ngokumisela isinxibelelanisi ofuna intambo kuso. Umzekelo, iiTV ziphantse zisebenzisa i-HDMI isidibanisi esiqhelekileyo, ngelixa izixhobo eziphathwayo zisebenzisa i-D okanye i-C.
Okulandelayo, kufuneka ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi na inguqulelo yeHDMI isixhobo esixhasayo. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna intambo yekhompyutha yakho, ungajonga iinkcukacha zekhadi lakho lemifanekiso okanye iprosesa. Ngokuqhelekileyo babonisa ukuba yeyiphi isisombululo esiphezulu kunye ne-hertz abanokubonisa umfanekiso. Ngaso nasiphi na esinye isixhobo, ibali liyafana, unokuhlala ufumana iimpawu zezixhumanisi zemodeli ethile. Kwakhona, abavelisi bavame ukubonisa inguqu exhaswayo kwibhokisi yemveliso, ngakumbi ukuba iTV okanye ikhamera isekela isizukulwana samva nje se-HDMI. Kodwa ikhebula ngokwayo linokuthengwa kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elizayo. Inyani yeyokuba iintambo ezininzi zale mihla zinokusebenza kunye nojongano oluphelelwe lixesha. Ngoko ke, awukwazi ukukhangela ulwazi malunga nesixhobo, kodwa uthenge nje i-HDMI 2.1. Kodwa akufanele uthembele kumgangatho ophezulu womfanekiso usebenzisa intambo yakudala. Imigaqo esisiseko xa ukhetha intambo yeHDMI:

1. Isidibanisi kwintambo kunye nesixhobo kufuneka sihambelane.
2. Intambo kufuneka ingaxinzeki ngexesha lokusebenza, ngoko kufuneka ithengwe ngobude obaneleyo.
3. Ixabiso alikho isalathisi somgangatho. Kungcono ukufunda ukuphononongwa kwabathengi malunga nemveliso yomenzi othile, ngokufanelekileyo, funda isatifikethi, esibonisa zombini iimeko zokusebenza kunye nobuchule bobugcisa.
4. Iintambo ze-HDMI inguqulo ye-2.0 kunye ne-2.1 zibiza kakhulu kunabo bangaphambili. Oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa ukhetha.
5. Okukhona intambo ingqindilili, kokukhona ngcono. Konke malunga ne-sheath yokukhusela, kuya kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuphazamiseka, kwaye kuya kusebenza njengesiqinisekiso sokuba ucingo aluyi konakala ngokwasemzimbeni.
6. Iiconductors zentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium ayilona khetho lungcono kwintambo ye-HDMI. Kungcono ukhethe ubhedu, uqhuba umqondiso kakuhle kwaye awubizi kakhulu.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho iingcingo ezinesilivere okanye igolide, kodwa akukho sizathu sokuhlawula ngaphezulu. Ukuba ukuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo kunyuka, ngoko ukunyuka akunanto. Ukufakwa kwegolide kunengqiqo kuphela kubafowunelwa njengoko kunokwandisa ubomi bentambo. Kungcono ukuba uziqhelanise kwangaphambili ngeengxaki ezinokwenzeka xa uqhagamshela isixhobo nge-HDMI. Nangona yonke into ilula kakhulu apho, abaqalayo banokudibana nezona ngxaki zingabonakaliyo.

Iinzuzo kunye neengozi ze-HDMI interface

Namhlanje, phantse zonke izixhobo zokudlala ividiyo ziqhagamshelwe ngeHDMI. Ifomathi imiliselwe ngokuqinileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje kangangokuba akukho mfuneko yokuphuhlisa iindlela zokuxolelwa komntu wesithathu. Izixhobo ezidityaniswe nentambo ye-HDMI zinokuskena amandla azo ukuseta ngokuzenzekelayo izicwangciso ezifunekayo. IiTV ze-Smart, umzekelo, zilungelelanise isisombululo kunye nobukhulu bomfanekiso ngokwabo ukuze i-TV ibonise umfanekiso kumgangatho ongcono kakhulu.
Iinzuzo eziphambili ze-HDMI interface:

• Inye kuphela intambo efunekayo ukudlulisa umxholo weaudio kunye nevidiyo. Abanye bayakwazi nokusasaza uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi.
• Iinguqulelo ezintsha zihambelana ngokupheleleyo neenkcukacha zangaphambili
• I-bandwidth ephezulu yeentambo ze-HDMI zanamhlanje zidlula i-48 Gbps.
• Ikhebula yindawo yonke, ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kulungeleka kakhulu ukuba indlu inezixhobo ezininzi ezine-HDMI interface.
• Umdibaniso uxhasa i-HDR, i-HDTV, i-3D kunye noMbala onzulu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukonwabele umfanekiso okumgangatho ophezulu kuso nasiphi na isixhobo.
• Inokudluliselwa kwisignali ye-4K, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-amplifiers, umgama wanda kakhulu.
• Iintambo zeHDMI zinexabiso elingaphantsi kakhulu kuneyona ndlela ikufutshane, iDisplayPort.

Ukungalungi, mhlawumbi, kubandakanya kuphela uluhlu lokuhambisa umqondiso kunye neenguqulelo ezininzi zekhebula. Uluhlu luyi-plus kunye ne-minus, kuba i-10 yeemitha ayisoloko yanele ukuququzelela i-theater enkulu yasekhaya. Kwaye kwinani leenguqulelo, unokudideka ngokulula, okuya kubangela iingxaki ngaphandle kweblue.

Ukusebenzisa i-HDMI xa uqhagamshela i-TV

Ukusebenzisa umzekelo wokudibanisa i-TV esuka kwi-Samsung, unokubona indlela yokusebenzisa intambo ye-HDMI. Phantse zonke iiTV zanamhlanje zeSamsung zixhasa itekhnoloji yeAudio Return Channel. Lo ngumgangatho ofanayo we-HDMI, onceda ukusebenzisa intambo enye ukuhambisa isandi kunye nevidiyo, kodwa kwi-Samsung TVs, umqondiso uhanjiswa kumacala amabini. Oku kunciphisa ukulibaziseka okuncinci esele kuncinci, kwaye kwakhona akusiphazamisi isandi. https://cxcvb.com/texnika/televizor/texnology/hdmi-arc.html Ukubeka ngokulula, ukudibanisa, umzekelo, i-theater yasekhaya, akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa ikhebula le-audio yomntu wesithathu. Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-HDMI ARC, udinga intambo enoguqulelo lwe-1.4 ubuncinane. Kufuneka kwakhona uqhagamshele intambo kwisidibanisi esikhethekileyo okanye ibhloko ye-One Connect.
Ukuba izixhobo zokudlala zangaphandle zisetyenzisiwe, kufuneka kwakhona zixhase iteknoloji ye-ARC. Izixhobo zeaudio zinokudinga ukucwangciswa ukuze zisebenze nalo mgangatho. Iifomati zomsindo ezixhaswayo yitekhnoloji ye-ARC:

• I-Dolby Digital enezithethi ezi-5 kunye ne-1 subwoofer;
• I-DTS Digital Surround kunye nezithethi ezi-5 kunye ne-1 subwoofer;
• I-PCM kwimodi yamajelo amabini (ifomathi ephelelwe lixesha, ixhaswa yimizekelo ekhutshwe ngaphambi kokuba i-2018 ibandakanye).

Iadaptha yeHDMI kwiitulips: https://youtu.be/jaWa1XnDXJY

Uqhagamshelwano

Ukuqhagamshela iTV kunye nenkxaso ye-Smart TV, kufuneka wenze ezi nkohliso zilandelayo:

• lungiselela ikhebula le-HDMI eliguqulelwe liphezulu kune-1.4;
• fumana ikhonkco kwiTV ephawulwe yi-ARC kwaye uqhagamshele intambo kuyo;
• qhagamshela intambo kwisixhobo esiphumayo esifana nomamkeli okanye ikhompyutha;
• Ukuba kukho izithethi eziqhagamshelwe kwiTV, isandi siya kudlalwa ngazo.

Indlela yokukhetha intambo yeHDMI ukuqhagamshela iTV yakho: https://youtu.be/_5EEewodrl4

Ukulungisa ingxaki

Ukuba uneengxaki zokuqhagamshela okanye usebenzisa iteknoloji ye-ARC, kufuneka uzame ezi nkohliso zilandelayo:

• qhawula zonke izixhobo kunikezelo lwamandla, uze uqhagamshele kwakhona;
• zama ukutshintsha igalelo kunye nemveliso yentambo;

Ezinye izixhobo zinokungahambelani nemigangatho ye-HDMI, oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwizithethi. Kwakhona, esona sizathu siqhelekileyo kukusetyenziswa kweentambo zoguqulelo olungaphantsi kwe-1.4. Ungazama ukuyibuyisela.