Ungalufaka kanjani, ulungise futhi uxhume kanjani uhlelo lwe-Home Media Server njengeseva ye-DLNA?

I-Home Media Server (i-HMS, iseva yemidiya yasekhaya) isetshenziswa njengeseva ye-DLNA ukubuka okuqukethwe nokulalela umculo kwi-PC nekhompyutha ephathekayo ku-TV. Iseva Yezindaba Yasekhaya izifanele lezi zinhloso futhi inezilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene eziwusizo.

Iyini i-DLNA?

Ngesihumusho sesiNgisi i-Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) – izindinganiso ezithile, ngenxa yokuthi amadivaysi ahambisanayo angadlulisela futhi amukele okuqukethwe kwemidiya okuhlukahlukene ngenethiwekhi yasekhaya futhi akubonise ngesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa iziteshi ezinezintambo nezingenantambo. Ngenxa yalobu buchwepheshe, amakhompyutha asekhaya, amafoni omakhalekhukhwini, ama-electronics abathengi, ama-laptops ahlanganiswa abe yinethiwekhi eyodwa yedijithali. Uma usebenzisa amadivaysi asekela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-DLNA, ayamiswa ngokuzenzakalela futhi axhunywe kunethiwekhi nabasebenzisi.

Ngenxa yedivayisi yokudlulisa (iseva), ulwazi ludluliselwa ku-TV. I-PC, ifoni, ikhamera, ikhamera ingasebenza njengeseva. Ukuba khona kosekelo lwe-DLNA kungase kusho ukuthi idivayisi ingathola ividiyo.

Inethiwekhi enjalo enezintambo noma engenantambo inezinzuzo zayo:

1. Ikhono lokufinyelela ngokushesha izinto ezitholakala kuwo wonke amadivayisi asekhaya omsebenzisi. Ukubuka imuvi noma isithombe kungenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokulanda, ungalalela umculo esikhungweni somculo ngekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.
2. Ukuze kuxhunywe okungenantambo, asikho isidingo sokubhoboza izimbobo ezindongeni nasezicabheni.
3. Ngoxhumo olungenantambo nge-Wi-Fi, kungenzeka ukulanda wonke amafayela kumadivayisi afiswayo ukuze uwabuke ngokuqhubekayo.

Izinkinga ze-DLNA zihlanganisa:

1. Ukwenza uxhumano olunezintambo (isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa izindonga zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe ezivimbela isignali yomsakazo), kuyadingeka ukubhoboza izimbobo ezindongeni naseminyango, okuzothinta kabi ingaphakathi.
2. Ukuxhumeka okungenantambo kuthinteka kakhulu yizithiyo ezihlukahlukene ngendlela yokuqinisa insimbi noma izindonga eziqinile (zezitini).
3. Njenge-inthanethi, kunethuba lokuthi ifayela lokusakaza lizobambezeleka uma likhulu kakhulu noma uma isivinini sokuxhuma singasheshi ngokwanele.
4. Ukusebenzisa irutha ebuthaka kungathinta isivinini kanye nekhwalithi yokudluliswa kwedatha.
5. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zamafayela ezingadlalwa, futhi ukudluliswa kwevidiyo ye-HD kungase kube kwekhwalithi embi kakhulu.

Ifaka i-Home Media Server (HMS)

Ukufaka i-HMS (Iseva Yemidiya Yasekhaya) kwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

1. Landa isifaki seseva yemidiya yasekhaya, okungcono kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni .
2. Qalisa isifaki. Efasiteleni, ucelwa ukuba ukhethe uhla lwemibhalo lapho amafayela okufaka azokhishwa khona. Udinga ukukhetha umkhombandlela bese ucindezela inkinobho ethi “Run”.
3. Ngemva kokuqeda ukupakisha, ukufakwa kohlelo kuzoqala ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kunezilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene lapha. Kuleli windi, udinga ukukhetha inkomba yokufaka uhlelo lwe-Home Media Server (HMS) kanye ne-“Program Group” (ifolda kumenyu ethi “Qala”).
4. Ngemuva kokuthi ifolda yokufaka ikhethiwe, udinga ukuhlola “Dala isinqamuleli ukuze uqalise uhlelo kudeskithophu”, uma kunesidingo, bese ucindezela inkinobho ethi “Faka”.
5. Ekupheleni kokufakwa, okungapheli isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu (kuye ngokuthi i-hardware), ucelwa ukuthi uqale i-HMS ngokushesha. Inqubo yokufaka iphelile.

Ngemuva kokuthi ukufakwa kuqediwe, kungcono ukususa amafayela okukhipha ngesandla, ngoba awasuswa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukusethwa okujwayelekile kwe-HMS (iseva yemidiya yasekhaya) njengeseva ye-DLNA

Iseva ye-DLNA efakiwe ekuqaleni izokwazisa umsebenzisi ukuthi aqhubeke nenqubo yokumisa:

1. Ekuqaleni, iwindi elinezilungiselelo zokuqala lizovela. Izokwazisa ukuthi ukhethe idivayisi yokusakaza okuqukethwe kwemidiya. Uhlu oluhlongozwayo luzofaka izifanekiso eziningi ezinamadivaysi. Uma eyakho noma idivayisi efanayo ingatholakalanga, kuzomele ume ku-DLNA Device evamile. Ngemva kokwenza ukukhetha, udinga ukuqhubekela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
2. Khetha amafolda ozokhipha kuwo okuqukethwe kwemidiya. Ukukhethwa kwamafolda anokuqukethwe kwemidiya kungenziwa kulesi sigaba noma kwengezwe kamuva. Ngemuva kokukhetha amafolda, udinga ukuchofoza inkinobho ethi “Qeda”.
3. Ngemva kokwenza izilungiselelo zokuqala, uzocelwa ukuthi udale ikhophi eyisipele enezilungiselelo, inqolobane yezithombe kanye nesizindalwazi. Uzophinde utshelwe ukuthi usethe ishejuli yokwenza isipele ngokuzenzakalelayo. Bese icindezelwa inkinobho ethi “Vala”.
4. Iwindi elikhulu lohlelo lizovela. Lapha kufanelekile ukunaka izilungiselelo ezithile ezibalulekile. Ngakwesobunxele, izinhlobo zezilungiselelo zizofakwa ohlwini, futhi ngakwesokudla, kunezigaba ezinezilungiselelo ezithile.
5. Ngakwesokunxele, udinga ukuya kuzilungiselelo ezengeziwe bese usetha ukulayisha okuzenzakalelayo kweseva ye-DLNA ngekhompyutha evuliwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha amaphuzu esibili nawesithathu.
6. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuya kuthebhu “Iseva” futhi ucacise iseva yakho ye-DLNA njengoba izoba kunethiwekhi.
7. Ngemva kokushintsha igama, udinga ukubuyela ekwengezeni amafolda (uma lokhu kungakaze kwenziwe ngaphambili noma lapho wengeza amanye amafolda). Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza inkinobho ethi “Engeza”, bese ukhetha ifolda ozoyengeza. Okulandelayo, udinga ukwenza “Skena” ukuze uthole amafayela ukusuka kumafolda ukuya kuseva.
8. Uma izenzo zenziwe ngendlela efanele, uhlu lwalawa mafayela luzoba ngakwesokudla kwesikrini. Uma lolu hlu luqukethe amafayela adingekayo, okusele nje ukuqalisa nokuqala ukusebenzisa uhlelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cindezela inkinobho “Qala”.
9. Endabeni ye-“Windows Firewall” enikwe amandla, uhlelo luzocelwa ukuthi luvumele ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi. Kufanele ukhethe ukuthi imaphi amanethiwekhi azovunyelwa ukufinyelela kuwo, bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi “Vumela ukufinyelela”.

https://youtu.be/WI2mqYybFhA

Ukuxhuma nokubuka okuqukethwe kwemidiya

Ngemva kokuqala uhlelo, vula i-TV. Uma ixhumeke kahle, izoba kokuthi “Iseva Yemidiya Yasekhaya”.

Ukubuka nge-LG TV njengesibonelo

Isibonelo, okuhlukile kokusebenza kwesamukeli se-LG LN655V TV esineseva ye-DLNA kuvezwa. Kumenyu enkulu ye-Smart TV, udinga ukuya entweni
LG SmartShare . Ukuxhumana kokuqala:

1. Uma uxhuma iyunithi ku-TV okokuqala ngqa, sicela ubhekisele “Kumhlahlandlela Wokuxhumana” otholakala ngezansi kwesokudla.
2. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuya kuthebhu “Ukuxhumana kwe-PC” bese uchofoza “Okulandelayo”.
3. Okulandelayo, kuzoba namafasitela amabili ngaphezulu, lapho futhi udinga ukukhetha “Okulandelayo”. Uma kungekho lutho olusethwa ngokuzenzakalelayo efasiteleni lokukhetha ikheli le-IP, bese ukhetha inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya (intambo noma engenantambo, ngokuya ngokuthi i-TV ixhumeke kanjani).
4. Emshinini wesine, ikhompuyutha yomnikazi kufanele ibonakale. Uma ingekho, kufanele uqale kabusha iseva.

Ngemva kokuxhumana kokuqala, idivayisi izoboniswa ekupheleni kwe-LG SmartShare “Amadivayisi Axhunyiwe”. Uma ingekho, udinga ukuqala kabusha iseva kukhompyutha. Isibonelo, kumamuvi, ifolda ene-“Movies” iyakhethwa, bese kuthi “Ikhathalogi yezinsiza zemidiya”.
Uhlu lwamafolda engezwe kuzilungiselelo ze-HMS luzovela. Ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi ifolda ukuze uqale imuvi.

Isetha iseva yemidiya yasekhaya esibonelweni se-SONY Bravia TV

Kulokhu, i-KDL-46XBR9 TV isetshenzisiwe. I-algorithm yesenzo:

1. Uhlelo lwe-Home Media Server lufakiwe futhi lwethulwa kukhompuyutha. Ukuze uye kuzilungiselelo, sebenzisa ukhiye ohambelanayo.
2. Ngakwesokudla ungabona inkinobho ethi “Engeza”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukukhetha ifayela ukuze liskenwe ngesikhathi sokuqala kohlelo. Ukuskena kuyadingeka uma umsebenzisi eguqule okuqukethwe kwalolu hlu lwemibhalo. Umbuthano oluhlaza ukhombisa ukuskena.
3. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuchofoza inkinobho enezinhlobo zamafayela ngakwesokudla. Amafayela evidiyo e-PAL awakwazi ukudlalwa kuma-TV athile. I-“NTSC” kufanele ifakwe ukuze kunikwe amandla ukubonwa kokuqukethwe (isb i-MPEG-PS_PAL_NTSC ye-avi).
4. Esiqukathi se-mkv, kufanele ukhethe i-transcoding (Core AVC). Ku-DLNA, udinga ukubhala i-MPEG-PS_PAL noma i-MPEG-PS_NTSC (kuya nge-TV).
5. Bese udinga ukuya “Izigaba”, bese ukhetha “Idivayisi”. Lapho udinga ukukhetha uhlobo nokulungiswa kwe-TV. Khetha i-DLNA1 noma i-DLNA1.5. Iyiphi inguqulo esekelwayo, ungathola emiyalweni noma ngokuvakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni.
6. Misa ukufinyelela kweWebhu kwiseva, okudingeka uye kuyo entweni elandelayo ezigabeni.
7. Kufanele wengeze i-TV yakho kumadivayisi eklayenti. Uma uchofoza isithonjana esine-lifebuoy, uhlelo luzonquma ngokuzenzakalelayo igama lekhompyutha, futhi luzongezwa engxenyeni ethi “Iseva”, inkambu ethi “Igama”. Ukuze uhlonze amadivaysi kunethiwekhi asekela ubuchwepheshe be-DLNA, udinga ukusebenzisa “Sesha”. Udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isethi ye-TV ivuliwe futhi ixhunywe kumanethiwekhi angenantambo noma anezintambo. Ngemva kokuthi inethiwekhi iskeniwe, uhlelo luzongeza amaklayenti enethiwekhi (i-TV nekhompyutha).
8. Udinga ukuya kuzilungiselelo ngazinye ze-TV bese ufaka idatha engenhla ukuze usethe.
9. Ukhiye othi “Izinhlobo Zefayela” uzokusa kuzilungiselelo zokubhalisa ukuze uthole izilungiso eziphakanyisiwe.
10. Kufanele ubuyele efasiteleni lezilungiselelo eziyinhloko futhi uye entweni yesigaba “Transcoder”. Esigabeni esithi “Ifomethi Yefayela”, udinga ukucacisa “i-MPEG (DVD)”. Esigabeni esithi “Ividiyo”, khetha ukucindezela kwe-MPEG2, ikhwalithi engu-6000000. Esigabeni esithi “Umsindo”, khetha i-AC3, 448000, “Usayizi wozimele” – 1280×720, 16:9. Ukushintsha usayizi wozimele wokuqala – njalo. Faka ithikhi kokuthi “Qedela umbala kusayizi wozimele” nakuwo wonke amabhokisi ohlwini olungezansi.
11. Iya kuthebhu engezansi “Amakhodi, Uzimele”. Ku-“Umsindo – Ithrekhi yomsindo yoqobo, uma ukucindezela kufana”, uma ususa ukumaka leli bhokisi, ungakwazi ukuqeda ukulahlekelwa kwethrekhi yesiRashiya ngesikhathi sokudlala ividiyo.
12. Okulandelayo, yiya kuthebhu enemibhalo engezansi. Lapha ungenza ngendlela oyifisayo isitayela sesithombe sombhalo ongezansi ngokuya ngokuncamelayo kanye neminye imingcele edingekayo ukuze iboniswe kahle.
13. Esigabeni sokugcina esithi “Okuthuthukile”, hlola ibhokisi elithi “Faka isevisi ye-Windows Home Media Server (UPnP)”. Lokhu kuzokwenza lula ukulayishwa okuzenzakalelayo kohlelo lapho uvula i-PC njengesevisi.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona (amaphutha) lapho usetha futhi usebenzisa i-HMS nesixazululo sayo

Izinkinga eziba khona lapho usetha i-Home Media Server njengeseva ye-DLNA zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Iseva itholakele kodwa ayivuli kumadivayisi emidiya . Ukwenza izilungiselelo ku-“Home Media Server (UPnP)” kuzosiza ukuqeda lokhu kuphazamiseka. Ukusetha izilungiselelo “kudivayisi” (chaza inguqulo endala nentsha yemodeli): “Isevisi yokugunyazwa” – “Amagama wesiRashiya wamafolda amakhulu” – esigabeni “Iseva”, cacisa imbobo ehlala njalo (kusuka ku-1024 kuya ku-65535 ).
2. Kuyenzeka amaphutha, yima, yehlisa ijubane uma udlala . Udinga ukukhetha u-“Transcode” ukuze uthole usayizi wozimele omncane kanye nekhwalithi yokuqukethwe kwevidiyo, bese uyeka ukubuka i-movie ukuze kukhiqizwe inani elanele lefayela elishintshiwe, bese usetha ukugcinwa kwamafayela e-transcoding esikhashana kudiski ehlukile kunaleyo esetshenzisiwe. okwefayela lokushintshisana. Udinga futhi nokwandisa uhlelo lonke (ukuhlukaniswa kwediski, uhlu lwezinhlelo ezilayishwe ngokuzenzakalelayo).
3. Kwezinye izimo, umbhalo ungase uvele esikrinini wokuthi uhlobo lwefayela alusekelwe . Ngemuva kokuqala kabusha okubili noma kathathu, konke kufanele kulungiswe.

Ubuchwepheshe be-DLNA benza kube lula ukudlulisa amafayela phakathi kwamadivaysi axhunywe ku-inthanethi. Inqubo yokusetha i-Home Media Server njengeseva ye-DLNA ilula, into eyinhloko ukulandela imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo esihlokweni ngqo.