Izinkinga ngokusakaza ithelevishini yedijithali: kungani iziteshi zingasebenzi, asikho isignali, kukhona ukuphazamiseka

Naphezu kokuzinza kwesignali, isithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu nomsindo ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwethelevishini yedijithali, ngezinye izikhathi kuvela ubunzima lapho kusakazwa ithelevishini yedijithali. Mayelana nalokhu, iziteshi ze-TV zedijithali zingase zingatholakali futhi zingabonisi. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda izimbangela zenkinga futhi uyiqede.

Okufanele ukwenze uma kungekho isignali yethelevishini yedijithali futhi yiziphi izimbangela zenkinga

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukulungisa inkinga, kufanele unqume ingqikithi yayo. Isiginali ye-TV yedijithali ingase inyamalale ngenxa yezizathu ezithile:

• i-multiplex yayeka ukusakaza isignali ye-TV;
• ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa;
• umthelela wezimo zezulu;
• imishini engalungile.

Okokuqala udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-TV itholakala endaweni ethembekile yokwamukela isignali. Uma idivayisi ibonise isithombe bese iyama, khona-ke uthi kungenzeka ukuthi aluxhumekile ngendlela efanele
. Uma okokusebenza okufakiwe kuyimbangela yenkinga, kufanele uthole izinga lokudluliswa kwamashaneli e-TV yedijithali: isofthiwe noma ihadiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilungiselelo ze-TV zingase zingahambi kahle, okwathi ngemva kwalokho zayeka ukubonakala.

Ukumisa ukusakazwa kwe-TV

Uma isignali kamabonakude wedijithali ingabanjwa, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi akukho ukugcinwa kokuvikela. Ungathola ngalokhu kuwebhusayithi yomsakazi, lapho kufanele kunyatheliswe khona isimiso somsebenzi wokuvimbela nowokulungisa. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokuhlola, i-multiplex yesibili ivaliwe futhi ulwazi oludingekayo luqoqwe, bese ukusakaza kumiswa ngokuphelele. Manje ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia kusetshenziswa iphakethe elilodwa kuphela ukusakazwa kwethelevishini.

Umsebenzi wokulungisa

Ungathola mayelana nomsebenzi wokulungisa kuwebhusayithi rtrs.ru. Ngokuvamile imicimbi enjalo ibanjwa ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemishini embhoshongweni we-TV okubangelwa isimo sezulu esibi.

Ayibonisi i-TV ngenxa yesimo sezulu

Isignali ye-TV yedijithali ebuthakathaka ingase ibe ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi. Imimoya enamandla, imvula, ukuduma kwezulu kuthinta ikhwalithi yokwamukela isignali. Kulokhu, ikhwalithi yesithombe nomsindo iyawohloka, isithombe siboniswa ezikweleni, noma kungase kungabi khona nhlobo isignali.

Kulokhu, udinga ukubheka izinkomba zezinga lesignali. Uma inani lazo liphansi, kufanele linyuswe lifinyelele phezulu.

Umthelela wezimo zezulu ngeke ube yisizathu sokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwamashaneli e-TV edijithali. Lokhu kunganciphisa kuphela isignali.

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezinephutha

Uma umsindo uba ngesikhawu, futhi isithombe singekhwalithi ephansi, khona-ke cishe inkinga idalwe imishini engalungile. Ukuhlukaniswa kungaholela nasekungabibikho ngokuphelele kwesithombe sedijithali. Amaphutha angase ahlobane nalokhu:

1. Nge-antenna . Udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uthi luqondiswe kumbhoshongo we-TV. Ama-antenna angaphakathi ahluleka kaningi kunalawo angaphandle. Njengomthetho, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzeka ngenxa yokuduma kwezulu, ukuvunguza okunamandla komoya noma imvula. Ukumisa kabusha umamukeli kungase kunganiki imiphumela. Ukuze unqume iphutha futhi ulilungise, kufanele wenze lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
   • hlola i-voltage emthonjeni wamandla;
   • hlola ikhebula namapulaki;
   • uma ukubuka okokusebenza kungayixazululi inkinga, xhuma uthi olusha.
2. Ngokunamathiselwe . Kulula kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga ye-set-top box. Uma ivuliwe, i-diode ekhethekile ikhanya ngokukhanya okufiphele noma ayikhanyi nhlobo. Uma kungekho senzo esenzekayo ngenkathi ucindezela izinkinobho kusilawuli kude, khona-ke ibhokisi lokusetha phezulu linephutha. Kufanele ishintshelwe kwenye futhi ihlole ukunikezwa kwesignali yedijithali. Izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesiqalo:
   • Ukusakazwa kwe-TV kungase kungatholakali ngenxa yenguqulo yakudala yomamukeli , okufanele kushintshwe entsha.
   • I-firmware yekhwalithi ephansi ye-set-top box ingase ibe isizathu sokuntuleka kwesignali. Uma ibhokisi le-set-top liphelelwe yisikhathi, udinga ukulanda i-firmware entsha kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizi, bese uyibuyekeza. Ukwenza ukukhanya okuhle, kungcono ukuphendukela kochwepheshe.
   • Umbhalo ophathelene nokungabikho kwesignali ungase uvele ngenxa yokusetha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo . Ukuze ulungise inkinga, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isignali ye-TV yamukelwa kahle futhi wenze usesho olusha lwamashaneli e-TV.

   I-set-top box idinga ukulungiswa uma:

   • asikho isibonisi esikrinini uma kukhona izixhumi ze-tulip ezisebenzayo;
   • kukhona ukuqalisa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo isikhathi esithile ngemva kokwenziwa izilungiselelo;
   • ngenkathi ucinga amashaneli e-TV, alukho ulwazi mayelana nekhwalithi yesiginali ye-TV lapho uthi lushunisiwe.
3. Ngekhebula nakho konke ukuxhumana . Lezi zinkinga nazo zenzeka njalo. Ngokwengxenye, ikhebula litholakala emgwaqeni, ngakho-ke, ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ukugoqa kuyabhujiswa futhi kusulwe, kuvela imifantu. Kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi ngabe kube khona ukwephulwa kobuqotho kwanoma yikuphi ukuxhunywa kwekhebula. Uma umonakalo utholakala, ikhebuli izodinga ukushintshwa.

Kungani i-TV yedijithali ingabonisi (noma ibonise kabi) nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma amashaneli engasebenzi (akukho signali): https://youtu.be/ZL5Qs_K4xvU

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ukuthi kungani i-TV ingazibambi iziteshi zedijithali / ingabambi kancane

Izinkinga ngokubonisa iziteshi zethelevishini zedijithali zingaba izinhlobo eziningana. Ake sizicabangele kabanzi.

Akuwona wonke uhlu lweziteshi olutholakele

Ngemva kokuthi ukusesha okuzenzakalelayo sekwenziwe, akuzona zonke iziteshi ze-TV ezingatholwa. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi umamukeli akazange athole iphakethe lesibili, futhi manje kuzodingeka ufune ama-frequency wombhoshongo oseduze we-TV wokusakaza. Kulesi simo, ungathola zonke iziteshi usebenzisa ukusesha okwenziwa ngesandla. Ngokuvamile isizathu sokuthi akuzona zonke iziteshi ezitholakalayo kungase kube i-antenna ngokwayo. Kufanele kukhethwe ngokuhambisana nebanga ukusuka embhoshongweni endaweni ethile:

• uma umbhoshongo ukude ne-1-2 km, khona-ke kuphela i-antenna evamile yasendlini ingasetshenziswa;
• uma umbhoshongo utholakala endaweni engama-20-30 km, khona-ke kufanele kusetshenziswe i-antenna ene-amplifier yesignali;
• ebangeni elingama-30-70 km, udinga ukuthenga i-antenna yangaphandle nge-amplifier.

Indlela yokwenza i-antenna ye-DVB-T2 yethelevishini yedijithali ngokwakho kuchazwe
esihlokweni esilandelayo .

Ukusebenzisa i-amplifier enamandla kakhulu ngokungadingekile kungaholela ekonakaleni kwesignali.

Kungani ingabonisi i-TV yedijithali ngokugcwele

Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokukhetha okokufaka kwevidiyo okungalungile noma ukungashintshi i-TV iye ku-AV noma i-HDMI. Udinga futhi ukuhlola ukuthi
isiqalo sivuliwe yini . Lokhu kungabonwa isibani senkomba, esikhanyisa ngokuluhlaza uma sivuliwe. Ukuze uvule ibhokisi le-set-top, sebenzisa isilawuli kude noma inkinobho ekuso.

Umamukeli uvuliwe, kodwa ayikho isignali ye-TV yedijithali

Kulokhu, cishe i-antenna enqanyuliwe noma i-amplifier kuyo. Udinga ukuhlola ukuthi ixhunyiwe yini, uyikhiphe bese uyibuyisela emuva, bese uphinda usesho oluzenzakalelayo.

Kubhaliwe ukuthi azikho izinsizakalo, futhi i-autosearch ayitholi lutho

Esimeni sokuthola isignali ebuthakathaka, ukusesha okuzenzakalelayo kweqa iziteshi ze-TV, futhi ukusesha okwenziwa ngesandla kwefrikhwensi ngayinye kuzobonisa amandla esignali ebuthakathaka kakhulu.

Kukhona “ama-frieze”: isithombe sihlukana sibe ama-cubes

Udinga ukuhlola amandla esignali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cindezela inkinobho Ulwazi kusilawuli kude. Lokhu kuhlanekezelwa kwesithombe kubonakala ngenxa yokuba kude kombhoshongo noma izakhiwo ezinkulu eziphazamisa ukwamukela isignali ye-TV. Ungakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ngokukhulisa isignali usebenzisa uthi olusebenzayo. Ngomfutho ophezulu kanye nekhwalithi ephansi, uzodinga ukwenza ukushuna kwe-antenna. Ungazama ukuletha uthi ngaphandle bese uzama ukuthola indawo efanelekile (ngokwesibonelo, luphakamise). Ngekhwalithi ephansi nokuqina, kunesidingo sokukhulisa isignali.

Uma “amafrieze” evela njalo, lokhu kubonisa isignali embi noma ushintsho esimweni somkhathi.

Ukuboniswa kabi kukamabonakude wedijithali – isignali ephansi nekhwalithi yesithombe

Uma amandla esiginali ephezulu nekhwalithi yesithombe ingamukelekile, uthi kuzodingeka lulungiswe noma lushintshwe. Idinga ukuphendulwa. Amadevu ahlobene nobubanzi bemitha, futhi indandatho ihlobene nebanga le-decimeter. Yilokho okudingeka ukujikeleziswa. Udinga ukuthola indawo efanelekile ye-antenna – hamba uzungeze igumbi nayo, uye efasiteleni. Izindonga zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe, amafasitela epulasitiki (amafreyimu) angaphazamisa ukusakazwa kwe-TV yedijithali.

Isithombe esifiphele esingacacile

Lena enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-TV yedijithali. Isibonelo, i-TV ene-diagonal engamayintshi angu-40 noma ngaphezulu ingase ibe nesithombe esifiphele, esilufifi. Amapharamitha ajwayelekile kamabonakude wedijithali athatha ukusakazwa kwesithombe ngokulungiswa okungu-720×576. Uma i-TV ine-diagonal enkulu, isithombe sizofiphala noma amaphikseli azobonakala. Kumamonitha ane-diagonal enjalo, ukusakazwa okungcono kwe-TV kuyadingeka – isibonelo, i-HD (1280×720) ne-Full HD (1920×1080). Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulungisa isimo:

1. Faka i-oda lamaphakheji esiteshi se-HD nomhlinzeki wesevisi . Ukuze ucabange ngesithombe esicacile nesinhle esikrinini esine-diagonal enkulu, lokhu kuzoba inketho engcono kakhulu.
2. Sebenzisa i-TV endala ene-diagonal encane . Naphezu kwalokhu kulinganiselwa, isithombe sizoba sekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukubonakala kokuxhopha (iqhwa) esibukweni

Izinkinga ezinjalo zingenzeka ngisho nalapho ubuka ithelevishini yedijithali. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yocingo oluxhuma i-STB noma umamukeli kumamukeli we-TV. Ukuze uxazulule inkinga, udinga ukusebenzisa enye intambo.

Kukhona iqhwa, isithombe siyabhidlika

Kulesi simo, kungcono ukuxhumana nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe komhlinzeki wesevisi ukuze ochwepheshe bafunde obhalisile noma imishini yesiteshi futhi banqume umthombo wenkinga. Ngenxa yemiyalelo etholakalayo, kulula ukubona isizathu sokuthi kungani ithelevishini yedijithali ingabonisi futhi iqede. Uma zonke izenzo ezithathiwe zingaphumeleli, ungabonisana mahhala esikhungweni sosekelo lwezobuchwepheshe esifundeni sakho futhi ushayele abashuna abangochwepheshe ekhaya lakho.