Parabolic antenna – zoyambira ntchito, kuphatikiza ndi kukhazikitsa

Mlongoti wa parabolic m’magwero asayansi ukhoza kutchedwa parabolic reflector kapena reflector reflector. Ichi ndi chipangizo chaukadaulo chopangidwa kuti chisonkhetse mphamvu. Pofika pamenepo, mafunde a ndege amasinthidwa kukhala ozungulira ndikukhazikika pamalo okhazikika. Njira yobwereranso imathekanso, pamene mafunde ozungulira amasinthidwa kukhala mafunde a ndege. Izi zimafuna mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chipangizocho, zomwe zimadalira cholinga chake komanso kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Common Applications

M’mawu a colloquial, malingaliro a satelayiti ndi tinyanga ta parabolic amadziwika, koma akatswiri okha ndi omwe amadziwa chomwe ndi chifukwa chake chipangizocho chikufunika, pazantchito yopapatiza. Pali zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zilandire chizindikiro kuchokera ku imodzi mwama satellite ambiri omwe amazungulira dziko lapansi. Mlongoti wa parabolic ndi mtundu umodzi wa chipangizo cholandirira chomwe chili ndi masiyanidwe ake. [id id mawu = “attach_3294” align = “aligncenter” wide = “691”]
Mlongoti wa parabolic nthawi zambiri umalumikizidwa ndi satellite [/ mawu] Kukhalapo kwawo kumachitika chifukwa chofuna kulandira wailesi yakanema, ma wayilesi kapena kupereka intaneti. Kugwira ntchito kumatha kuyang’ana pang’ono kapena konsekonse, kupereka zolumikizirana, malo olumikizirana mlengalenga ndi maukonde, zowongolera mofooka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusaka satana ndi mafoni ofanana. [id id mawu = “attach_3290” align = “aligncenter” wide = “540”]
Parabolic antenna pattern[/caption]

Mbiri ya chiyambi ndi chitukuko

G. Hertz anagwiritsa ntchito zowonetsera zofananira m’ntchito yake yoyesera. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazo, adapanga mlongoti wokhala ndi kabowo kopitilira mita, ukugwira ntchito pafupipafupi. Ndi chipangizo cholandirira ndi kutumiza chomwe wasayansi ali nacho, adatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa mafunde amagetsi omwe Maxwell adaneneratu. Kenako nthawi yokonzanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino idayamba:

1. M’zaka za m’ma 2000 zoyambirira za m’ma 1900, G. Marconi, katswiri wina wotulukira zinthu ku Italy, anatha kutumiza uthenga ku boti lomwe linali kuyandama m’nyanja, lomwe linali patali kwambiri ndi gombe.
2. Patatha chaka chimodzi, chipangizo chofananacho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa mauthenga otumizirana mawailesi kudutsa khwalala lalikulu.
3. G. Grote anamanga PA yoyamba yaikulu ndipo mothandizidwa ndi iye ankachita nawo kafukufuku wa nyenyezi. Kutalika kwa chowunikira sikunapitirire ngakhale mamita khumi.
4. Panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ntchito yomwe imayang’aniridwa idayamba kukonza ma radar, omwe adalimbikitsa kwambiri pakupanga ndi kukonza zida, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu watsopano wa antenna okhala ndi zithunzi zamagawo.

Zindikirani! M’zaka pambuyo pa nkhondo, Soviet Union ndi USA anapanga mitundu yatsopano ya chipangizo, imene m’mimba mwake galasi anayamba kufika mamita 60-100. Tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina otumizirana ma data, kusintha kosatha ndi chitukuko chatsopano cha asayansi chachepetsa kufunikira kwa nyumba zazikulu mpaka 1.5 metres kapena ma centimita.

Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe ake

Ma reflector antennas siwokhawo, koma mtundu wodziwika bwino wa tinyanga zowongolera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamasiteshoni. Kukula, kapangidwe ndi zinthu zopangira zimadalira ntchito ndi cholinga. Magalasi amapangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena zitsulo zotayidwa ndi magetsi.
M’zaka zaposachedwa, adapangidwa kuchokera ku kompositi kapena mapulasitiki, koma payenera kukhala mawonekedwe owoneka bwino – amasinthasintha. Metal mesh kapena zojambulazo, utoto wopangira magetsi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pali mitundu ina:

• axisymmetric , yokhala ndi galasi limodzi kapena awiri, symmetrical kapena counter-reflector, kuyang’ana kwa mphete;
• offset , yomwe imadulidwa pagalasi lofananira, ndi mawonekedwe osinthika a radiation;
• HEADLIGHTS, kapena magawo a tinyanga tating’onoting’ono , kuchokera ku ma emitter angapo, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinyanga (kukwapula, kukankhira kapena slot);
• njira yofooka , yokhala ndi ma radiation ambiri, ngakhale pali zofooka zina, imagwira ntchito ndi ma satellite owoneka bwino osafunikira chitsogozo chowonjezera;
• mafunde oyendayenda – amalimbikitsidwa (poyerekeza ndi osalozera, koma akugwira ntchito mu mita kapena decimeter).

Chenjerani! Kusankhidwa kwa mbale ya satana kuti mulandire zizindikiro za TV kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi zifukwa zingapo – zakuthupi (kukana zokopa zakunja, zikayikidwa mumlengalenga), mtundu wa chowonetsera ndi khalidwe lake, chiwerengero cha otembenuza ndi momwe amamangiriridwa. Chinthu chofunika ndi khalidwe, mphamvu ndi kukana dzimbiri.

[id id mawu = “attach_3284″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”800″]
Mitundu ya tinyanga ta parabola[/caption]

Ntchito ndi Assembly

Chida chilichonse chaukadaulo wa wailesi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati emitter kapena wolandila ndi gawo ladongosolo komanso chimodzi mwazinthu zake zoyambira. Malangizo odzipangira nokha amadalira mtundu wosankhidwa, kukula ndi cholinga chomwe mukufuna. Mlongoti wagalasi uli ndi ubwino waukulu – umagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zida zoterezi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kutentha kwaphokoso kochepa. Parabolic – woimira wawo kwambiri. Kuphweka kwa chipangizocho sikutanthauza kuti podzipangira nokha, simukuyenera kuganizira zofunikira za dongosolo la munthu. Zambiri zomwe zili muvidiyoyi ili pansipa: https://youtu.be/6Cku8eGomec M’mimba mwake ya mbale mumtundu wogulitsidwa ndi 55 cm mpaka 80, ndipo izi sizotsika mtengo kwambiri zosangalatsa. Amisiri apakhomo amapereka malangizo ambiri opangira tinyanga, komanso momwe angayikitsire ndikukonzekera: kuchokera pa kusankha malo, kuwerengera mpaka kukhazikitsidwa komaliza. Nthawi yomweyo, zikuwonetsedwa kuti zida zilizonse ziyenera kukhala ndi magawo ambiri. Zina mwazo zikhoza kupangidwa mu mini-workshop, kugulidwa mosiyana mu sitolo yapadera, kapena kugulidwa ngati zida (osati zonse zomwe zingathe kukhutitsidwa kumeneko malinga ndi khalidwe kapena katundu, koma zimatuluka zotsika mtengo motere, ndipo chirichonse chimachokera. wopanga mmodzi). [id id mawu = “attach_3289” align = “aligncenter” wide = “585”] kugula m’sitolo yapadera padera kapena kugulidwa ngati seti (kumeneko, sizinthu zonse zomwe zingakugwirizane ndi khalidwe kapena katundu, koma zimatuluka zotsika mtengo motere, ndipo zonse zimachokera kwa wopanga mmodzi). [id id mawu = “attach_3289” align = “aligncenter” wide = “585”] kugula m’sitolo yapadera padera kapena kugulidwa ngati seti (kumeneko, sizinthu zonse zomwe zingakugwirizane ndi khalidwe kapena katundu, koma zimatuluka zotsika mtengo motere, ndipo zonse zimachokera kwa wopanga mmodzi). [id id mawu = “attach_3289” align = “aligncenter” wide = “585”]
Kodi mphamvu zimadalira bwanji kukula kwa mlongoti [/ mawu]

Zofunika! Setiyi imaphatikizapo mbale yagalasi, wolandila (mtundu wake umadalira zolinga zomwe akutsatiridwa), koma cholinga chachikulu ndikulandira ndikusintha chizindikiro kuchokera pa satellite kupita pa TV, monga chithunzi, otembenuza atatu omwe amapereka nthawi imodzi. kulandila kuchokera ku ma satelayiti atatu, zomangira (nthawi zambiri zimawoneka m’mafotokozedwe, monga multifeed), chingwe , zolumikizira zolumikizirana ndi kukwera kwenikweni kwa mlongoti.

Posankha malo oyika mlongoti wotere, zokonda zimaperekedwa kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa ma satelayiti onse ali munjira ya geostationary kuchokera kumwera chakum’mawa kupita kumwera chakumadzulo. Ngati palibe mazenera omwe akuyang’ana kum’mwera, ndiye njira yokhayo yomwe yatsala ndikuyika padenga.

Ndizoletsedwa kukhazikitsa antenna pansi pa denga la denga.

Mlongoti umayikidwa pamtunda wa pafupifupi 25 °, ndiko kuti, ikuwoneka pansi pang’ono, monga pa chithunzi:
Mukakhazikitsa mlongoti, azimuth yowerengedwa bwino idzakhala yothandiza kwambiri. Kuti mudziwe azimuth, gwiritsani ntchito kampasi ya maginito. Zimagwirizanitsidwa mofanana ndi pansi kuti zikhazikitse njira ya kumpoto. Choncho m’pofunika kusankha chinthu chilichonse kwa mfundo. Digiriyo imawerengedwa molingana ndi magawano a kampasi molunjika (kuchokera ku ziro, mpaka pamzere womwe umalumikizana ndi chinthu chosankhidwa). Umu ndi momwe maginito azimuth amawerengera. Kutsika kwa maginito kwa dera linalake kumawonjezeredwa kapena kuchotsedwa ku zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa. Kuti muyike mlongoti, gwiritsani ntchito pulogalamu yapadera ya SATTV.
Mukayiyika panjira C:\Program Files\SATTV 2.0\Zone, maziko ake adzakhala ndi njira zopita kumadera ofikira satellite. Kuyika zida zomalizidwa bwino kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo ophatikizidwa. Kawirikawiri mbaleyo imasonkhanitsidwa kwathunthu, ndipo pambuyo pake amapitiriza ndi kukhazikitsa. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito chitsulo chokhazikika chokhazikika, chomwe chingakuthandizeni kuti musadalire nyengo komanso kuti musataye khalidwe lachifanizo. Kusintha kolondola kwa mitu ndi kulumikizana kwawo kolondola ndi chosinthira ndikofunikira kuti zigwirizane ndi makonzedwe a tuner ndi kulumikizana mu mlongoti. Kusonkhanitsa, kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza antenna yofananira kuti mulandire chizindikiro cha satana: https://youtu.be/XNk-KTjEgEY

Maonekedwe a tinyanga zowonetsera

Kugwiritsa ntchito tinyanga ta parabolic kwawapanga kukhala gawo lofunikira osati lakumatauni kokha, komanso malo akumidzi. Koma izi sizimayambitsidwa kokha ndi kufalikira kwa kanema wawayilesi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina a radar, polumikizirana opanda zingwe, ma radio relay, satelayiti ndi interspace, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonera ma radio telescope. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a chipangizo chothandiza ndi m’lifupi mwa mawonekedwe a radiation, mawonekedwe ake, mphamvu zake ndi kupindula, malo ogwira ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Ganizirani zazikuluzikulu:

• irradiator (1 kapena kuposerapo), imapanga chitsanzo;
• m’lifupi mtengo umatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito yaikulu – kulandira kapena kufalitsa, pali njira zapadera za izi;
• Kuchita bwino kungadalire mawonekedwe apangidwe (galasi losalimba, ma mesh omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achepetse kulemera kapena kuchepetsa kukana kwa nyengo).

[id id mawu = “attach_3288” align = “aligncenter” wide = “572”]
Parabolic antenna focus [/ mawu] Chopanga chopangira nyumba cha satana chimatha kupangidwa m’njira zambiri – kumamatira ndi maziko a konkriti, kuchokera ku ambulera yakale ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu (amplifier yokhala ndi magetsi ikufunika), kuchokera papepala lopyapyala lachitsulo, kuchokera ku plexiglass. ndipo ngakhale kuchokera ku waya. Muvidiyoyi, mbuyeyo amawulula zinsinsi zopanga satellite mbale ndi manja ake: https://youtu.be/HBkfdb6rK2E Kuwoneka kosavuta m’mafotokozedwe a amisiri, kwenikweni, kumafuna luso linalake la ntchito, zida ndi nthawi yaulere. Zida zopangidwa kunyumba ndizotsika mtengo, koma mtundu wa chithunzi pa TV simafika pamlingo womwe ukufunidwa. Pogula zida zopangidwa kale, muyenera kufotokozera momveka bwino osati malo okha, komanso magawo. M’madera ena a Russia, osachepera awiri ndi okwanira kulandira njira payekha,