Indlela yokwenza i-antenna yeKharchenko yeTV yedijithali ngezandla zakho: ukubala, indibano ye-biquadrate

Ngoku kukho utshintsho olusebenzayo losasazo lukamabonakude we-analog ukuya kwidijithali. Ukusukela ngo-2012, umgangatho omnye wosasazo lukamabonakude wedijithali i-DVB-T2 yamkelwe ukuze ibukelwe simahla. Ukufumana ithuba elinjalo, kuhlala kuphela ukufumana i-receiver-antenna, onokuthi uzenzele yona. Olunye ukhetho olufikelelekayo lweTV yedijithali onokuthi udibanise ngezandla zakho yi-antenna yaseKharchenko.

Iimpawu kunye nesixhobo se-antenna yaseKharchenko

Ingcamango yokuzenzela isixhobo isekwe kuphuhliso lwenjineli uKharchenko. I-antenna isebenze kwi-decimeter range (DCV), eyaziwayo ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo. Le yi-analogue ye-eriyali yokuvula esekelwe kwi-zigzag feed. Umqondiso uqokelelwa ngoncedo lwe-flat reflector (isikrini esiqinileyo okanye i-lattice – isakhelo esenziwe ngezinto eziphathekayo), ubuncinane ubuncinane be-20% enkulu kune-vibrator. Ukuzenzela, kuya kufuneka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iimpawu zejometri kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezithile.
Umqondiso kamabonakude usasazwa kusetyenziswa amaza anepolarization ethe tye. Uguqulelo olulula lwe-eriyali lunikezelwa ngendlela yeevibrators ezimbini ezithe tyaba ezithe tyaba eziqhagamshelwe ngokunxuseneyo komnye nomnye, kodwa ziqhawulwe kwindawo apho i-feeder (intambo) iqhagamshelwe khona. Imilinganiselo iboniswe kwinqaku likaKharchenko elithi “I-Antenna yoluhlu lwe-DTSV”, kwaye i-antenna ibalwa ngokweefomula ezicetywayo ngumbhali.

Izinto eziphathekayo kunye nezixhobo zokwenza i-antenna yaseKharchenko

Izinto eziyimfuneko:

• i-grill grate;
• fayiza ipeyinti yemoto;
• i-solvent okanye i-acetone;
• i-drills for drills;
• intambo ye-coaxial kamabonakude (akukho ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-10);
• Umbhobho wePVC XB 50 cm kunye nobubanzi be-20 mm;
• iidowuli zetsimbi zedrywall;
• ucingo lobhedu lwe-vibrator kunye nobubanzi be-2 ukuya kwi-3.5 mm;
• Iipleyiti ezi-2 zentsimbi ezincinci.

Izixhobo zokusebenza:

• intsimbi ye-solder 100 W;
• screwdriver kunye nemilomo;
• umpu weglue oshushu;
• iintambo zocingo, iipliers, ihamile;
• ipensile, iteyiphu yokulinganisa, imela yemolar.

I-vibrator ingenziwa ngeentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous (ubhedu, i-aluminium) kunye ne-alloys (ngokuqhelekileyo ubhedu). Izinto eziphathekayo zinokuba kwimo yocingo, imichilo, iikona, iibhubhu.

Senza izibalo

Ukwenziwa kwe-antenna yaseKharchenko, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukubala okuchanekileyo usebenzisa i-calculator okanye iifomyula. Ukusebenzisa le teknoloji, unako ukubala ukufakwa kwe-antenna nangona uphawu olubuthathaka – malunga ne-500 MHz. Okokuqala kufuneka ukwazi rhoqo iipakethi ezimbini DVB-T2 TV kusasazo kwindawo yakho. Oku kunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeCETV yemephu esebenzisanayo. Apho kufuneka ufumane inqaba yeTV ekufutshane, kunye nosasazo olukhoyo (iphakheji enye okanye ezimbini zetshaneli) kwaye zeziphi iifrikhwensi ezisetyenziselwa oku. Emva kokufumanisa amaxabiso ee-frequencies zeepakethi, ubude bamacala esikwere se-antenna-receiver eyenzelwe ibalwa. Umzobo kunye nomzobo we-antenna zidityaniswe ngesiseko sesantya sokuhambisa umqondiso. I-Hertz (Hz) isetyenziselwa ukuyilinganisa kwaye ichazwa ngunobumba F. Njengomzekelo, ungasebenzisa ukuphindaphinda kosasazo lukamabonwakude lweepakethi zokuqala kunye nesibini kwisixeko saseMoscow – 546 kunye ne-498 megahertz (MHz).

Isibali-manani

Ubalo lwenziwa ngokwefomula: isantya sokukhanya / ukuphindaphinda, oko kukuthi: C / F \u003d 300/546 \u003d 0.55 m \u003d 550 mm. Ngokufanayo kwi-multiplex yesibini: 300/498 = 0.6 = 600 mm. Imilinganiselo ye-wavelength yi-5, 5, kunye ne-6 dm, ngokulandelelanayo. Ukuzifumana, udinga i-eriyali ye-UHF, ebizwa ngokuba yi-eriyali ye-decimeter. Emva koko, kulula kakhulu ukubala ububanzi be-wave ngapha, eqikelelweyo kumamkeli. I-1/2 yobude, ngokulandelanayo i-275 kunye ne-300 mm kwiiphakheji zokuqala nezesibini.

Ukuqinisekisa ukwamkelwa komgangatho ophezulu wesiginali yedijithali, umphetho ngamnye we-biquadrate kufuneka ube sisiqingatha sobubanzi bomaza ububanzi. Ukuvelisa, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-aluminium core okanye ityhubhu yobhedu. Ngokufanelekileyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa ucingo lobhedu (3-5 mm) – lunejometri ezinzile kwaye lugobe kakuhle.

Ukubalwa kwe-antenna yeKharchenko yeTV yedijithali: isibali kunye neendlela zokudala: https://youtu.be/yeE2SRCR3yc

Indibano ye-antenna

Ukwenziwa kwe-antenna yeKharchenko yosasazo lukamabonakude wedijithali kubandakanya ezi nyathelo zilandelayo:

1. I-polarization kunye ne-frequency ye-wave inqunywe. Uyilo kufuneka lube ngumgca.
2. Ubhedu lusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokwenziwa kwe-eriyali ye-biquadreceiver. Zonke izinto zibekwe kwiikona, enye yazo kufuneka zichukumise. Kwi-polarization ethe tye, isakhiwo kufuneka sibekwe ngokuthe nkqo. Nge-polarization ethe nkqo, isixhobo sibekwe kwicala layo.
3. Ucingo lobhedu lulinganiswa kwaye luthathwe kubude obufunekayo (+1 cm). Ithubhu yobhedu okanye i-aluminium (ububanzi be-12 mm) ifanelekile. I-insulation evela kumbindi wobhedu iyacocwa. Iphakanyiswe ngehamile kwindawo enzima. Umbindi ulinganiswe kwaye ugobe i-90 degrees. Ukuba kukho i-vise, ngoko ucingo lunyanzeliswa kwaye lulungelelaniswe kubo. Ukugoba kwenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo ebalwayo.
4. Kwesinye isiphelo, isiqwenga esincinci sinqunyulwa kwi-angle ye-45 degree ukuze senze i-tip ecacileyo. Isiphelo sesibini sigobile, inkqubo efanayo yenziwa kuyo. Zombini izikwere zinokugotywa kancinane ngexesha elinye. Kwii-bends zangaphakathi zangaphakathi, iinqumlo ezincinci zenziwe ngefayile yenaliti. Emva koko kuya kwenzeka ukuba udibanise ezi ziphelo zimbini zamahhala kwaye uzilungise ngocingo oluncinci lobhedu.
5. Uya kudinga intsimbi yokugoba, kunye ne-rosin engamanzi okanye i-flux ye-tinning ukugoba okuphakathi. Oku kwenziwa kwicala ngalinye locingo lobhedu.
6. Intambo ye-coaxial ihlanjululwe ngo-4-5 cm. I-braid okanye i-conductor yangaphandle idityanisiwe ibe yintambo enye kwaye ihlanganiswe enye yeebhendi. Yithengiswe kucingo lobhedu. I-insulation ye-conductor yangaphakathi ikhutshwe kwaye ihlanganiswe ngokufanayo kwi-bend elandelayo. I-soldering kufuneka yenziwe ngononophelo, ixhasa i-insulation nge-pliers, kuba ubushushu bunokubangela ukuba kuphume endleleni. Okokuqala, isakhelo sifudunyezwa kwindawo yokutywinwa, kwaye emva koko ngumqhubi kuphela.
7. I-wiring yekhebula igxininiswe ngeqhina le-nylon, i-degreased nge-solvent. Iindawo zokutywina zodwa ngeglue eshushu usebenzisa umpu. Isomisi seenwele singasetyenziselwa ukulungisa iziphene ekubunjweni kwe-adhesive.
   

   Ngokubonakalayo, iikona zangaphakathi zangaphakathi zesakhiwo, ezifana nomzobo wesibhozo, kufuneka zisondelelane (10-12 mm), kodwa zingachukumisi. Ukuba kukho impazamo ngexesha lokugoba kwe-contour, nokuba yi-1 mm, umfanekiso unokuphambuka.

8. Ikhebula liziswa kwiindawo zokujonga ukusuka kumacala amabini. Isalathiso esinye somzobo kufuneka sivalwe, kuba oku kufakwe ikhaka elibonisa ubhedu. Ifakwe kwi-cable sheath.
9. Ukwenziwa komboniso, iibhodi ze-textolite ezifakwe ngobhedu zazisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Ngoku iipleyiti zetsimbi zisetyenziselwa oku. Kwakhona, i-reflector ingenziwa kwi-grill grate. Ungasebenzisa umtshintshi wokushisa ovela kwifriji okanye i-rack yokumisa izitya. Into ephambili kukuba isakhiwo asivuthwanga emoyeni ovulekileyo. Isibonisi kufuneka sibe sikhulu kunesakhelo sevibrator.
10. Isakhelo siphakathi kwesibonisi. Ukuqiniswa kwayo, ungasebenzisa iipleyiti ezimbini zetsimbi.
11. Isignali kwi-frequency ephezulu isasaza kumphezulu we-conductor, ngoko ke kungcono ukugubungela i-antenna ngepeyinti. Amanqaku okutywinwa azaliswe ngeglue eshushu okanye i-sealant.

Umamkeli kufuneka abe kumgama ukusuka kwisibonisi, abalwe ngefomula: ubude be-waveleng / 7. I-eriyali ibekwe kwicala lalowo uphindayo.

Indlela yokwenza izibalo ezichanekileyo kwaye wenze i-antenna yeKharchenko iboniswe kule vidiyo: https://youtu.be/Wf6DG2JbVcA

Uqhagamshelwano

Esinye isiphelo sekhebula ngokuchasana kwe-50-75 ohms sithengiswa kwi-antenna egqityiweyo, enye kwiplagi. Kungcono ukudibanisa ikhebula phezulu kwesiseko, kwaye usebenzise i-bottom njenge-fasteners. Umfanekiso kunye nomgangatho wesandi wosasazo lwedijithali losasazo lweTV aluyi kuxhomekeka ekubeni lukude kangakanani usasazo, ngokungafaniyo nosasazo lwe-analog. Ngokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-eriyali, ukuhanjiswa komqondiso kumamkeli kuya kwenzeka kumgangatho oqhelekileyo kwaye akufuneki kubekho nabuphi na ubunzima. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukusilela kwenzeka, isibonakaliso siya kunyamalala ngokupheleleyo (isandi kunye nomfanekiso uya kunyamalala). Ngokungafaniyo nomabonakude we-analog, umgangatho wemifanekiso yedijithali uyafana kuwo onke amajelo kwaye akukho mahluko.

Uvavanyo ekusebenzeni

I-eriyali edityanisiweyo kufuneka ijongwe. Ukuvavanya i-TV yedijithali, kwi-set-top box kwi-main menu okanye kwi-TV, kufuneka usebenzise i-auto-tuning yamajelo. Le nkqubo iya kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Ukukhangela amajelo kwimowudi yesandla, kuya kufuneka ufake amaza azo. Ukuze ungachithi ixesha ekwenzeni uphando olupheleleyo, kwaye kwakhona ukuba sele unamajelo amiselweyo, unokuququzelela le nkqubo. Ukwenza oku, iziteshi ezimbini zikhethiwe, nganye kuzo ibeka ukuphindaphinda kwanoma yiyiphi itshaneli ukusuka kwiipakethe ezahlukeneyo (nganye kwezi ziphindaphinda isebenzisa uluhlu olulodwa lwamaza osasazo ukusasaza onke amajelo eTV). Ukuvavanya isixhobo esenziweyo, kwanele ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wosasazo lukamabonakude. Umgangatho womfanekiso omhle uya kubonisa ukuchaneka komsebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, umfanekiso okumgangatho ophezulu uya kuba okanye ufumaneke,

Ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka, unokuzama ukujikeleza i-eriyali, ukujonga utshintsho kumgangatho womfanekiso. Xa umisela indawo efanelekileyo ye-antenna yeTV, kufuneka igxininiswe ngokuqinileyo, kodwa ihlale ibhekise kwinqaba yeTV.

I-antenna yaseKharchenko sisixhobo esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo esinika ulwamkelo lweempawu ezibuthathaka. Isixhobo sinokudityaniswa ngesandla kwaye sisetyenziswe endaweni ye-eriyali yasefektri eneamplifier. Ukwenza i-eriyali kusemandleni akhe wonke umntu. Kwanele ukufumana izinto eziphathekayo, ukwenza izibalo ezichanekileyo kwaye ulandele ngokuthe ngqo ulwazi olufunyenweyo ekwenzeni isixhobo.