I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithali

Антенна

I-eriyali ye-DIY yenze ngokwakho kumabonakude wedijithali: imilinganiselo, umzobo olula, i-eriyali yangaphandle kunye nengaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithali, eyenziwe nguwe. Kutshanje, umabonwakude wabonakala ebomini bomntu. Phantse ikhulu leminyaka kwinyani yethu kukho into efana neTV. Ukususela ekuyilweni kwabo kude kube kutshanje, iithelevishini zinikwe amandla yiteknoloji ye-analog signal. Umahluko ophambili ukusuka kuhlobo lwanamhlanje lwesignali esetyenzisiweyo, idijithali, ukuhanjiswa kombane kummkeli. Lo mbane uhambelana ne-frequency ethile kunye ne-amplitude, ethi emva koko iguqulwe ibe ngumfanekiso kunye nesandi. I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithaliIxabiso layo lingaphantsi kakhulu kunelo lentambo yobhedu, kodwa ineempawu ezifanayo njengenye i-coaxial cable, ixhaphake kakhulu kubunjineli bombane. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ungasebenzisa ucingo lwe-antenna oluqhelekileyo. Enye i-eriyali ayinamsebenzi kwaye ayinangqiqo ngaphandle kwezinye iinkcukacha ezinceda ukuguqula umqondiso wedijithali ube ngumfanekiso. Ukongeza kwezi zinto zingasentla ze-antenna, uya kufuna:

  • iplagi ehambisa umqondiso ukusuka kwi-eriyali ukuya kumamkeli;
  • ukuba iTV imodeli endala – umamkeli – umamkeli;
  • iTV ngokwayo.

I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithaliUnokunika izixhobo ubume obufunwayo kwaye uzibophe ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezizodwa. , kodwa ukwenza lula umsebenzi kunye nokugcina ixesha, kuyafaneleka ukulungiselela iipliers kunye ne-wire cutters, i-tape ye-insulating, kunye nentsimbi ye-soldering.

Iindidi zee-eriyali ezifumana isiginali yedijithali ekumgangatho ophezulu wokwenza ngokwakho

Ukhetho olubanzi kubuchwepheshe bokwenza ii-eriyali ezivela kwizinto eziphuculweyo zikuvumela ukuba uqhubeke kubuchule bakho kunye neemeko. Kwenzeka ukuba umntu akakwazi ukufumana ngokwasemzimbeni izinto eziyimfuneko kwixesha elizayo. Izixhobo eziphuculweyo ziza kuhlangula, apho phantse wonke umntu anayo egaraji. I-eriyali sisakhiwo, isixhobo esenzelwe ukubamba amaza osasazo lukamabonakude. Izixhobo ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ziyakwazi ukuthatha i-frequency kuluhlu ukusuka kwi-41 ukuya kwi-250 MHz. Akunakwenzeka, kodwa kunokwenzeka, ukuba i-eriyali yasekhaya iya kukwazi ukuthabatha amaza aphezulu aphezulu, ukusuka kwi-470-960 MHz. Ukuthatha izixhobo ezenzelwe oomabonakude, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini – yangaphakathi (ebekwe kufutshane ne-TV kufutshane) nangaphandle (ifakwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo apho i-TV ikhoyo). I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithaliInyathelo lesiBini Ngokweziphumo ezibangelwayo, thoba ucingo kwi-engile ye-90 °. Sithengisa kuphela iziphelo zamahhala zocingo. Kule meko, i-gap kufuneka ifunyanwe phakathi kweekona zangaphakathi: i-soldered kwaye igobile. Inyathelo lesiThathuIntambo ye-antenna ibonakaliswe ukusuka kwelinye icala ngo-3-5 cm. Ukwenza oku, i-insulation yangaphandle isuswe ngokucophelela, iindawo zangaphakathi zigobile kwaye i-core central ikhululwe. I-core central yocingo ihlanganiswe kwikona engathengiswanga, kwaye inxalenye yocingo olujongene neskrini luhlanganiswe kwindawo edibeneyo. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukujiya kuqine.
I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithaliInyathelo lesine Isakhiwo esibangelwayo seengcingo ezingenanto sifakwe kwi-tape yombane okanye nge-glue gun. Iplagi idityaniselwe kwelinye icala locingo ukuhambisa umqondiso kumabonakude. Isixhobo silungile, isiphelo esigobileyo sifakwe kwisiseko. I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithali

i-antenna ye-log-periodic

Iimpawu eziphambili zolu yilo lulungiselelo lwee-vibrators zobude obuguquguqukayo – zifakwe kwi-axis efanayo. Imilinganiselo yazo zonke izinto zokusebenza ze-antenna ye-log-periodic akufanele idlule ngaphaya kwendawo yesenzo kunye nokubamba. I-antenna ye-log-periodic iyona ndlela ingcono yokusebenza kwekhaya, njengoko idlula ezinye iintlobo kuzo zonke iimpawu, kodwa kunzima ukuwenza. Ukuze uzenzele, kufuneka ube neetyhubhu ezimbini zetsimbi (ezingenanto okanye zingekho – akunandaba, okwangoku kuya kuhamba phezu komhlaba). Kufuneka kwakhona ube neengcingo zobhedu zobude obahlukeneyo, eziza kuba yinxalenye yokwamkela. Ngezantsi itafile enezibalo ezisele zilungele ukusetyenziswa xa ulungiselela iinxalenye zomamkeli womqondiso wexesha elizayo.
I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithali
I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithaliSilungiselela iivibrator ngokwedatha enikwe kwitheyibhile. Kubalulekile ukuba i-diameter iyafana kwi-vibrator nganye. Ikhebula le-feeder lidlula kwi-cavity yenye yeentonga okanye ngokulula ngoncedo lwe-fasteners, eyenziwa njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso ongezantsi.
I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithaliEmva koko, i-vibrators igxininiswe ngentsimbi ye-soldering. Zenzele i-antenna enamandla ye-log-periodic UHF: https://youtu.be/txZJkjPkOoY

Wave

Ayifanelekanga ukufumana imiqondiso emide kwaye inenzuzo encinci, kodwa uyilo ngokwalo luye lwathandwa ukususela ekuqulunqweni kunye nokusasazwa kwamaza erediyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwaye isathandwa. Uyilo luqukethe izinto ezininzi: ucingo lobhedu (okanye ityhubhu), umlawuli, umboniso kunye ne-vibrator. Ukongezelela, isiseko senziwe apho i-antenna egqityiweyo iya kuqhotyoshelwa (iplastiki okanye umthi – akunandaba, into ephambili kukuba ibe yi-dielectric). Kubalulekile ukubeka iinxalenye kumgama olinganayo omnye komnye. Amalungu axhunyiwe ngokuhambelana nomfanekiso ongezantsi. I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithali

Uwuphucula njani umgangatho wesignali kwii-eriyali zasekhaya

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni uphawu lweTV lubuthathaka. Umzekelo, umgangatho womfanekiso uhlala ulahlekile okanye isandi silahlekile ngenxa yokuba i-eriyali ifumana kuphela isignali ebonakalisiweyo. Ezinye izizathu zisenokuba:

  • ubuntununtunu obuphantsi;
  • intambo ephezulu yokumelana;
  • umgama omde ukusuka kwinqaba yeTV;

Ukuze uphucule umgangatho wesignali kwii-eriyali zasekhaya, kufuneka uzame la manyathelo alandelayo:

  1. Ukuba ingaphakathi, ngoko kufuneka uyibeke kufuphi nefestile ngokusemandleni. Ngoko kwindlela yayo kuya kuba nemiqobo embalwa ngenxa yeyiphi inxalenye yesignali elahlekileyo.
  2. Ukuba ifumaneka kwisitalato, kufuneka uyifake kwindawo ephakamileyo – uphahla. Qinisekisa ukuba umqondiso awuphazanyiswa ziintaba okanye amahlathi.
  3. Guqula indlela. Ukuphazamiseka kunye nokusasazeka komfanekiso kudla ngokunyamalala ukuba ujika isixhobo esifumanayo kwicala elifanelekileyo, nokuba ngamashumi ambalwa amadigri adlala indima.
  4. Thenga iamplifier ye-eriyali.

I-eriyali eyenziwe ekhaya yangaphandle nangaphakathi kumabonakude wedijithali

Indlela yokubala iiparamitha zeTV yedijithali

Kwi-antenna esuka kwikhebula, kufuneka ubale ubude bayo. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iifomyula eziqhelekileyo zefiziksi. Okokuqala kufuneka uqonde ukuba zeziphi iifrikhwensi zokusasazwa kwe- multiplex , emva koko sifumana ixabiso eliphakathi. Umzekelo, kwiifrikhwensi ze-605 kunye ne-613 MHz, i-arithmetic mean iboniswa ukuba yi-609 MHz. Inyathelo elilandelayo kukumisela ubude bobude ngefomula yesantya sokukhanya esahlulwe nge-arithmetic mean efunyenweyo. Ukubala: 300/609 \u003d 0.492 m. Ukususela kwinani eliphumelayo sibala i-1/4, eya kuba ubude bekhebula elifunekayo ukudala i-antenna. Ukuququzelela umsebenzi wokubala, ungasebenzisa ii-calculators ze-intanethi eziza kubala ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani obufunekayo kwi-half-wave, i-quarter-wave kunye ne-antennas epheleleyo. Izibali ezikwi-Intanethi kuGoogle okanye kwiYandex:

  • i-dipole kunye ne-pin calculator;
  • isixhobo sokubala sikanomathotholo esingenamdla.

Eyona antenna ilungileyo yokuzenzela ngaphandle kwentsimbi yokuthambisa kamabonakude wedijithali ye-T2: https://youtu.be/h7pcp-nvYqQ Ukwenza i-eriyali ngezandla zakho akukho nzima, kuyingxaki ukuyithengisa kwaye uncamathisele zonke iinkcukacha. ukuze isebenze ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kunye nokuchithwa kwemifanekiso. Namhlanje akuyimfuneko ukuya evenkileni kwaye uthenge izixhobo ezibizayo, kukho iimeko xa kungenakwenzeka ukuba ufike evenkileni. Unokwenza i-eriyali kwizinto eziphuculweyo. Sikucebisa ukuba ukhethe nokuba uyilo lwe-coaxial wire, okanye “Eight”. Njengoko uqheliselo lubonisa, zezona zilula ukwenza, kwaye iimpawu zabo zikuvumela ukuba ubukele iTV naphi na.

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