I-Federal State Unitary Enterprise Space Communications: umlando kanye namathemba okuthuthukiswa, umlaza wesathelayithi

I-Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Space Communications” (GP KS), eng. I-Russian Satellite Communications Company (RSCC) iyinkampani yasekhaya yezokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ethi https://www.rscc.ru/. Umsebenzi weminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50:
Iphethe umlaza omkhulu kunawo wonke wamasathelayithi e-geostationary ezweni – amadivaysi ayi-12, kanye nezikhungo zokuxhumana zasemkhathini ezi-5 ezisezindaweni ezihlukene zezwe. Lokhu kuvumela i-RSCC ukuthi inikeze ukusabalala komhlaba wonke futhi inikeze zonke izinhlobo zezinsizakalo zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi hhayi kuphela kubathengi baseRussia, kodwa nasezinhlanganweni ezivela emazweni angaphandle angama-58. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3872″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”1024″]
Inkampani Yezokuxhumana Yesathelayithi YaseRussia[/caption]

Umlando wentuthuko

Umlando we-FSUE “Space Communications” waqala ngo-1957, lapho kwethulwa isathelayithi yokuqala yaseSoviet emzileni womhlaba. Ngawo-1960, ezokuxhumana ngesathelayithi zathuthukiswa ngenkuthalo eSoviet Union.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-1965, i-satellite ye-Molniya-1 yethulwa ku-orbit ene-elliptical kakhulu, ngosizo lapho ukusakazwa kokuhlola kwezinhlelo zethelevishini neseshini yocingo kwahlelwa. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emi-2, iziteshi ze-Orbita ezingu-20 zase-ground zisebenza ezweni, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukusakazwa kwethelevishini ngesathelayithi evamile.

Novemba 4, 1967 – usuku lokuqala ukusakazwa unomphela ithelevishini ngokusebenzisa uhlelo satellite “Orbita” – kubhekwa usuku lokuzalwa RSCC. Nakuba i-oda elisemthethweni lokwakhiwa kwe-“Space Communications Station” likhishwe nguMnyango Wezokuxhumana waseSoviet ngemva konyaka. Futhi inhlangano ithole isimo sebhizinisi elihlangene lombuso ngo-April 2001.

Izikhathi ezibalulekile ezivela emlandweni we-RSCC:

• 1976 – kwethulwa satellite yokuqala yokusakaza eqondile “Ekran”;
• 1980 – inhlangano yokusakaza ngesathelayithi yama-Olympics aseMoscow;
• 1998 – ukuqala kokubambisana nomkhiqizi wasekhaya wobuchwepheshe besikhala i-NPO PM kanye nenkampani yaseFrance i-Alcatel ngokukhiqiza nokuhlinzeka ngemithwalo ekhokhelwayo yamasathelayithi efomethi entsha ye-Express-A;
• 2000 – kwethulwa amasathelayithi amabili e-Express-A ku-orbit, ukuqala kokuvuselelwa komlaza wesathelayithi waseRussia;
• 2009 – eNgqungqutheleni Yamazwe Ngamazwe YaseParis Yezokuxhumana Ngesathelayithi, i-RSCC yathola isimo somqhubi wesathelayithi wesifunda ohamba phambili wonyaka;
• 2014 – 2015 – kwethulwa amasathelayithi amasha ayisikhombisa ochungechunge lwe-Express-A ku-orbit, ukwanda kwensiza yomlaza wesathelayithi yasekhaya izikhathi ezi-2.5;
• 2017 – I-WTA ifake i-FSUE “Space Systems” ezindaweni ezinhlanu eziphezulu ezikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni kanye naku-TOP-20 yama-satellite operators amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni.

Njengamanje, i-GP KS isivele iku-TOP-10 opharetha abakhulu emhlabeni. Abaphathi bale nkampani bathi inhloso yayo enkulu wukuzigqaja ngezinkampani ezinhlanu ezihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke zamasathelayithi. Futhi lo mgomo uyafezeka, njengoba namuhla FSUE “Space Systems” kuyinto umhlinzeki zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi emazweni 58 ahlukene emhlabeni. Landa i-FSUE Space Systems Innovative Development
Programme: FSUE Space Communications Development Program

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nenkampani

I-Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Space Communications” isebenza ngesisekelo samalayisensi kahulumeni:

• No. 928K – ukuze kusetshenziswe imisebenzi yasemkhathini;
• 181604 – ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zokuxhumana endaweni ye-Russian Federation;
• 140430 – ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zokuxhumana zokusakaza emoyeni endaweni yeRussian Federation.

Konje! Uhlu olugcwele lwamalayisense avumelekile enhlangano lungatholakala kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni, esigabeni esithi “Inkampani” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#documents.

Ukugcina ukusebenza kweziteshi eziphansi kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinsiza ezintsha, i-RSCC iphinde yenze umsebenzi wokwakha nokuklama. Kuze kube manje, inkampani yajoyina izinhlangano ezizilawulayo NP ProektSvyaz Telecom kanye neNP StroySvyaz Telecom. Lezi zinhlangano zinezimvume ezidingekayo zokuklama kanye nomsebenzi wokwakha omkhulu.

Okubalulekile! Inhloko-dolobha egunyaziwe ye-FSUE “Space Systems” ingama-ruble angu-100,097,000.

Ihhovisi eliyinhloko le-GP KS litholakala eMoscow ekhelini elithi Nikoloyamsky per., 3a, isakhiwo 1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani inamagatsha angu-5 (futhi ayizikhungo zokuxhumana zesikhala) kanye nesikhungo sobuchwepheshe. Amakheli abo:

• isikhungo sobuchwepheshe Shabolovka – Moscow, St. Shabolovka, 37 isakhiwo 6;
• CKS Dubna – Moscow esifundeni, Dubna, St. U-Alexandrovka, oneminyaka engu-43;
• CKS Zheleznogorsk – Krasnoyarsk Territory, Zheleznogorsk, St. I-Krasnoyarskaya, d. 4A;
• I-CKS Bear Lakes – isifunda saseMoscow, isifunda saseSchelkovsky, idolobhana. I-Bear Lakes, p / o “I-Bear Lakes”;
• I-CKS Skolkovo – Isifunda saseMoscow, isifunda sase-Odintsovo, idolobhana. Marfino, Skolkovskoe shosse, 1;
• CKS Khabarovsk – Khabarovsk Territory, Khabarovsk district, nge. I-Sergeevka, i-21st km yomgwaqo omkhulu waseSarapul, No. 7.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3871″ align=”aligncenter” width=”1061″]
FSUE Space Communication Centers[/caption]

Konje! Ungahlola izinombolo zocingo zamagatsha e-RSCC nezigatshana zenhlangano kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni, esigabeni esithi “Oxhumana nabo” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#contacts.

Kusukela ngoJuni 2021, u-Aleksey Konstantinovich Volin ube yi-CEO ye-FSUE Kosmicheskaya Svyaz. Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakhe, usebenze kuhulumeni waseRussia cishe iminyaka eyi-10 njengePhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwedijithali kanye Nezokuxhumana kanye neMisa Media. Umsebenzi oyinhloko kaVolin ngalesi sikhathi kwakuwukudluliselwa kokusakazwa kwethelevishini yaseRussia kusuka kufomethi ye-analog kuya kufomethi yedijithali.
Isigungu esilawulayo senhlangano siphinde sihlanganise:

• Iphini Lomqondisi Jikelele Lokuqala – u-Yuri Valentinovich Prokhorov;
• IPhini Lomqondisi Jikelele Lokuqala – uGanin Alexander Anatolyevich;
• IPhini Lomqondisi-Jikelele Wezokuthuthukiswa Nokusebenza Kwezinhlelo Zokuxhumana – u-Evgeniy Buidinov;
• umqondisi wokusebenza komlaza we-orbital – Gruzintsev Evgeny Vladimirovich;
• umqondisi wenxanxathela yezitolo Shabolovka – Yakovlev Alexander Viktorovich;
• umqondisi we-CKS Dubna – uDuka Alexander Petrovich;
• Umqondisi we-CSK Bear Lakes – u-Artemyev Valery Ivanovich;
• umqondisi we-CKS Khabarovsk – Kovalenko Viktor Vasilyevich;
• umqondisi CKS Skolkovo – Krylov Alexander Mikhailovich;
• Umqondisi we-CKS Zheleznogorsk – Muratov Rais Vasilyevich.

Iningi labamele abasebenzi abaphezulu be-RSCC banemfundo ekhethekile kanye nolwazi olubanzi emkhakheni wezokuxhumana ngezingcingo nesethelayithi, imiklomelo kahulumeni kanye neziqu zemfundo. Landa i-charter ye-Federal State Unitary Enterprise Space Communications:
Ishatha ye-GP KS

Uhlu lwezinsizakalo ezihlinzekwa yi-FSUE “Space Systems”

Uhlu lwezinsizakalo ze-FSUE “Space Systems” luhlanganisa:

• ukusakazwa kwethelevishini nomsakazo wedijithali – ukusakaza kukahulumeni kanye nokuqondile, ukuhlelwa kwama-TV, ukuhlinzekwa kwenkundla yezobuchwepheshe yabasakazi;
• izinsiza zokuxhumana – ukuhlinzekwa kwensiza yesathelayithi, okuhlanganisa ukufinyelela kwesathelayithi ye-broadband, ukuqashiswa kweziteshi zokuxhumana zesathelayithi nezasemhlabeni, inethiwekhi ye-VSAT, izinsiza zokuxhumana emikhunjini;
• ukulawula nokuphatha amasathelayithi ;
• inhlangano yokufinyelela ku-inthanethi ye-broadband .

Amandla e-satellite yenkampani ayivumela ukuthi inikeze izinsizakalo hhayi kulo lonke elaseRussia kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba. Futhi inethiwekhi ye-VSAT eyakhiwe yi-RSCC ihlanganisa ngokugcwele amanzi olwandle lwe-Arctic ne-Atlantic, iMedithera, iNyakatho, iJapane, iCaspian, iBaltic, i-Okhotsk kanye nazo zonke izilwandle ezisenyakatho eziwasha iRussia, kuhlanganise noLwandle LwaseNyakatho. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3876″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”1011″]
Izitsha Zokuxhumana[/caption]

umlaza wesathelayithi

I-Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Space Systems” iphethe umlaza omkhulu wesathelayithi eRussia, ohlanganisa izimoto eziyi-12. Amasathelayithi e-geostationary e-RSCC asebenza kumabhendi C, Ku, Ka kanye no-L. kuze kufike ku-140 ° E, okubavumela ukuthi bahlanganise yonke indawo yeRussian Federation, kanye namazwe e-CIS, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eYurophu, esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific, e-Afrika, e-Australia naseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3870″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”980″]
Ukufakwa kwesiteshi sesathelayithi nesemhlabathini[/caption]

Ingqalasizinda ephansi

I-FSUE “Space Systems” inengqalasizinda ebanzi yomhlabathi, ehlanganisa izikhungo zokuxhumana zasemkhathini ezi-5 kanye nesiteshi esisodwa sesathelayithi. Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlelo yisikhungo sobuchwepheshe i-Shabolovka, esixhuma i-CKS kanye nesiteshi sokuxhumana se-satellite nezikhungo zokushintsha zaseRussia nezamazwe ngamazwe eMoscow. Imisebenzi eyinhloko
yesikhungo seShabolovka :

• ukwakheka, ukuhlela, ukumisa, ukufometha kanye nokushintshwa kwamashaneli nezindlela zedijithali;
• ukugcinwa kwengxenye yasemhlabeni yezokuxhumana ngesathelayithi;
• ukugcinwa kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana e-SE CC;
• ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwamanethiwekhi enkampani;
• ukuxhumana kwabasebenzisi ezinsizeni zokuxhumana.

I- CKS Dubna yasungulwa ngo-1980, futhi namuhla iyisikhungo socingo esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Russian Federation futhi ifakwe ku-TOP yaseYurophu yezingcingo ezinkulu kakhulu. Ifakwe:

• iziteshi ze-transceiver earth ezingama-24 ezinama-antenna ukusuka ku-2.4 kuya ku-32 wamamitha wokuhlela iziteshi zokuxhumana;
• iziteshi ze-transceiver earth ezingama-27 zokulawula imikhumbi-mkhathi kanye ne-telemetry;
• iziteshi zokulinganisa nokuqapha eziyi-11;
• 2 imigqa yokuxhumana ye-fiber optic ezimele ye-20 Gbps;
• 4 ama-voltage aphezulu.

I- ZKS Zheleznogorsk isebenza njengendawo eqinile yengxenye esempumalanga ye-FSUE “Space Systems” yomlaza wesathelayithi. Umsebenzi wakhe waqala ngo-2004. I-MCC ilawula futhi iqaphe amasathelayithi atholakala kusukela ku-32° kuya ku-154° E. Ifakwe:

• Iziteshi eziyi-10 zokukala nemiyalo kanye ne-telemetry ukuthola i-telemetry, ukunquma indawo yemikhumbi-mkhathi kanye nokuzilawula;
• Iziteshi eziyisi-7 zokulinganisa nokuqapha;
• iziteshi ze-transceiver Earth ezi-3 ukuze zinikeze ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-MCC;
• 4 igcine iziteshi zokwamukela nokwamukela iziteshi zokusakaza zethelevishini nezomsakazo eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude;
• Iziteshi ezi-5 ezamukelayo nezithumelayo ukuze zinikeze izinsiza zokuxhumana kubathengi;
• 2 imigqa yokuxhumana ye-fiber optic;
• 2 ama-voltage aphezulu.

I- CKS Bear Lakes yasungulwa ngo-1967. Namuhla isebenza njengenkundla yokuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza zethelevishini nezokuxhumana kumakhasimende e-SE CU. Futhi endaweni yesikhungo kukhona isikhungo sokucindezela isipele, umsebenzi wawo uwukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokusakazwa kwethelevishini uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwemishini eShabolovka.
I-CKS Skolkovo yasungulwa ngo-December 2003. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinkundla zesathelayithi ezentengiselwano, kanye nokwamukelwa kwedatha kumasathelayithi aku-arc kusuka ku-27° W. kufika ku-102°E Ukwenza lokhu, isikhungo sine:

• 8 iziteshi zokwamukela imigqomo eminingi;
• ama-antenna angama-33 angaguquki futhi angabuyiselwa emuva kusuka ku-2.5 kuya ku-6.3 amamitha;
• Isiteshi sokulawula umkhumbi-mkhathi;
• Imigqa yokuxhumana emi-2 ezimele ye-fiber optic.

I-TsKS Khabarovsk – teleport enkulu kunazo zonke eMpumalanga Ekude – yasungulwa ngo-2004. Imisebenzi yayo ihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kweziteshi zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, ukusekelwa kokusakazwa komabonakude nomsakazo kanye namanethiwekhi e-VSAT. Kuze kube manje, inkimbinkimbi ifakwe iziteshi ze-transceiver zokuxhumana ze-satellite ezingama-20 ezinama-antenna kusuka ku-2.4 kuya ku-9 amamitha, kanye nemishini ye-telemetry, ukuhlolwa kwe-orbital, ukulawula umthwalo we-satellite transponder. Isiteshi sokuxhumana ngesathelayithi uVladimir ngo-1971, kwathi ngo-2009 sadlula ngaphansi kwamandla ka-GP KS. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi kuma-C-, Ku- kanye nama-L-bands;
• ukuhlinzekwa kokuxhumana ngocingo;
• ukusekelwa kweziteshi zokusakaza ze-TV nezomsakazo;
• ukuhlinzekwa kokuxhumana kukahulumeni omakhalekhukhwini;
• ukulawula nokulawula nge-telemetric kwamasathelayithi ochungechunge lwe-Express-AM endaweni esuka ku-20° W. kufika ku-103°E

Ngakho-ke, ingqalasizinda ephansi ye-FSUE Space Systems, ehlangene namandla e-constellation yayo ye-satellite, ivumela inkampani ukuthi inikeze izinsizakalo zokuxhumana nge-satellite hhayi kuphela kubathengi baseRussia ezweni lonke, kodwa nakumakhasimende angaphandle.