I-Federal State Unitary Enterprise Space Communications: imbali kunye nethemba lophuhliso, i-satellite constellation

Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Space Communications” (GP KS), eng. Inkampani yaseRussia yoNxibelelwano lweSathelayithi (RSCC) ngumsebenzi wasekhaya wonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni https://www.rscc.ru/. Umsebenzi ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-50:
Ingumnini weqela leenkwenkwezi ezinkulu ze-geostationary satellites elizweni – izixhobo ezili-12, kunye namaziko onxibelelwano angama-5 asekelwe emhlabeni abekwe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe. Oku kuvumela i-RSCC ukuba ibonelele kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye ibonelele zonke iintlobo zeenkonzo zonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi kungekuphela nje kubathengi baseRashiya, kodwa nakwimibutho evela kumazwe angaphandle angama-58.

Imbali yophuhliso

Imbali yeFSUE “Space Communications” yaqala ngo-1957, ngokuphehlelelwa kwesathelayithi yokuqala yaseSoviet kwi-orbit yomhlaba. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, unxibelelwano ngesathelayithi lwaphuhliswa ngokusebenzayo eSoviet Union. Ngoko ke, ngowe-1965, isathelayithi ye-Molniya-1 yasungulwa kwi-orbit ene-elliptical orbit, ngoncedo apho usasazo lokulinga lweenkqubo zikamabonwakude kunye neeseshoni zomnxeba zaququzelelwa. Kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-2, izikhululo ezingama-20 zeOrbita zazisebenza kweli lizwe, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukusasaza umabonwakude ngesathelayithi rhoqo.

NgoNovemba 4, 1967 – usuku lokuqala kosasazo lukamabonwakude olusisigxina ngenkqubo yesathelayithi “Orbita” – ithathwa njengomhla wokuzalwa weRSCC. Nangona umyalelo osemthethweni wokusekwa kwe “Space Communications Station” wakhutshwa nguMphathiswa wezoNxibelelwano waseSoviet emva konyaka. Kwaye umbutho wafumana iwonga lefederal state unitary yeshishini ngoAprili 2001.

Amaxesha abalulekileyo kwimbali ye-RSCC:

• Ngowe-1976 – ukuqaliswa kwesathelayithi yokuqala yokusasaza ngokuthe ngqo kwihlabathi “Ekran”;
• Ngowe-1980 – umbutho wosasazo lwesathelayithi yeeOlimpiki zaseMoscow;
• I-1998 – ukuqala kwentsebenziswano kunye nomvelisi wasekhaya weteknoloji yendawo ye-NPO PM kunye nenkampani yaseFransi i-Alcatel yokuvelisa kunye nokubonelela ngeentlawulo zeesathelayithi zefomathi entsha ye-Express-A;
• Ngo-2000 – ukuqaliswa kwee-satellites ezimbini ze-Express-A kwi-orbit, ukuqala kokuhlaziywa kwe-satellite ye-Russian constellation;
• Ngo-2009 – kwiNgqungquthela yaMazwe ngaMazwe yaseParis kuNxibelelwano lweSathelayithi, iRSCC ifumene iwonga loyena mqhubi wesathelayithi obalaseleyo wonyaka;
• Ngo-2014 – 2015 – ukuqaliswa kwee-satellites ezisixhenxe ezintsha ze-Express-A series kwi-orbit, ukwanda kwemithombo ye-satellite constellation yasekhaya ngamaxesha angama-2.5;
• I-2017 – i-WTA ifake i-FSUE “IiNkqubo zeSpace” kwii-teleports ezintlanu ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi kunye ne-TOP-20 yabaqhubi abakhulu be-satellite.

Okwangoku, i-GP KS sele ikwi-TOP-10 yabaqhubi abakhulu kwihlabathi. Abaphathi bale nkampani bathi injongo yabo yobuchule kukuzingca ngendawo kwiinkampani ezintlanu eziphezulu zesathelayithi zehlabathi. Kwaye le njongo ifikeleleke, kuba namhlanje iFSUE “Iinkqubo zeSpace” ngumboneleli weenkonzo zonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi kumazwe angama-58 ahlukeneyo ehlabathi. Khuphela i-FSUE Space Systems iNkqubo yoPhuhliso oluNtsha: iNkqubo yoPhuhliso loNxibelelwano lweNdawo yeFSUE

Ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nenkampani

I-Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Space Communications” isebenza ngesiseko seelayisensi zikarhulumente:

• No. 928K – ukuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi yendawo;
• 181604 – ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano kwintsimi yeRussian Federation;
• I-140430 – ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano zokusasaza emoyeni kwintsimi yeRussian Federation.

Kunjalo nje! Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweelayisensi ezisemthethweni zombutho zingafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni, kwicandelo elithi “Inkampani” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#documents.

Ukugcina ukusebenza kwezikhululo eziphantsi komhlaba kunye nokwakhiwa kwamaziko amatsha, i-RSCC iphinda iqhube umsebenzi wokwakha kunye noyilo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkampani yajoyina imibutho ezilawulayo NP ProektSvyaz Telecom kunye neNP StroySvyaz Telecom. Le mibutho ineemvume eziyimfuneko zoyilo kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha omkhulu.

Kubalulekile! Inkunzi egunyazisiweyo yeFSUE “IiNkqubo zeSpace” yi-100,097,000 ruble.

Iofisi yentloko ye-GP KS iseMoscow kwidilesi ye-Nikoloyamsky per., 3a, isakhiwo 1. Ukongeza kuyo, inkampani inamasebe ama-5 (kwakhona amaziko onxibelelwano wendawo) kunye neziko lobugcisa. Iidilesi zabo:

• iziko lobugcisa Shabolovka – eMoscow, St. Shabolovka, 37 isakhiwo 6;
• CKS Dubna – indawo yaseMoscow, Dubna, St. Alexandrovka, 43;
• CKS Zheleznogorsk – Krasnoyarsk Territory, Zheleznogorsk, St. Krasnoyarskaya, d. 4A;
• I-CKS Bear Lakes – ingingqi yaseMoscow, isithili saseSchelkovsky, idolophana. I-Bear Lakes, p / o “I-Bear Lakes”;
• CKS Skolkovo – ummandla waseMoscow, isithili saseOdintsovo, idolophana. Marfino, Skolkovskoe shosse, 1;
• CKS Khabarovsk – Khabarovsk Territory, Khabarovsk wesithili, kunye. USergeevka, i-21st km yendlela enkulu yaseSarapul, uNombolo 7.

Kunjalo nje! Unokujonga iinombolo zefowuni zamasebe e-RSCC kunye nezahlulo zombutho kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni, kwicandelo elithi “Uqhagamshelwano” – https://www.rscc.ru/about/#contacts.

Ukususela ngoJuni 2021, u-Aleksey Konstantinovich Volin uye waba yi-CEO ye-FSUE Kosmicheskaya Svyaz. Ngaphambi kokuqeshwa kwakhe, usebenze kurhulumente waseRashiya malunga neminyaka eyi-10 njengoSekela Mphathiswa woPhuhliso lweDijithali kunye noNxibelelwano kunye neMisa Media. Umsebenzi ophambili weVolin ngeli xesha yayikukudluliselwa kosasazo lukamabonwakude waseRashiya ukusuka kwi-analog ukuya kwifomathi yedijithali.
Ibhunga elilawulayo lombutho likwabandakanya:

• USekela-Mlawuli Jikelele wokuqala – uYury Valentinovich Prokhorov;
• USekela-Mlawuli Jikelele wokuqala – uGanin Alexander Anatolyevich;
• USekela-Mlawuli Jikelele woPhuhliso kunye nokuSebenza kweeNkqubo zoNxibelelwano – u-Evgeniy Buidinov;
• umlawuli wokusebenza kweenkwenkwezi ze-orbital – Gruzintsev Evgeny Vladimirovich;
• umlawuli weziko lokuthenga iShabolovka – Yakovlev Alexander Viktorovich;
• umlawuli weCKS Dubna – uDuka Alexander Petrovich;
• UMlawuli we-CSK Bear Lakes – Artemyev Valery Ivanovich;
• umlawuli weCKS Khabarovsk – Kovalenko Viktor Vasilyevich;
• umlawuli weCKS Skolkovo – Krylov Alexander Mikhailovich;
• UMlawuli we-CKS Zheleznogorsk – Muratov Rais Vasilyevich.

Uninzi lwabameli babasebenzi abaphezulu be-RSCC banemfundo eyodwa kunye namava abanzi kwinkalo yonxibelelwano ngocingo kunye nonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi, amabhaso karhulumente kunye nezidanga zemfundo. Khuphela umqulu we-Federal State Unitary Enterprise Space Communications: uMqulu weGP KS

Uluhlu lweenkonzo ezibonelelwa nguFSUE “IiNkqubo zeSpace”

Uluhlu lweenkonzo ze-FSUE “zeSpace Systems” ziquka:

• umabonakude wedijithali kunye nosasazo lukanomathotholo – usasazo lwe-federal kunye noluthe ngqo, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-TV, ukubonelela ngeqonga lobuchwepheshe kubasasazi;
• iinkonzo zonxibelelwano – ukubonelela ngesixhobo sesathelayithi, kubandakanywa ukufikelela kwisathelayithi yebroadband, ukuqeshiswa kwesathelayithi kunye nemijelo yonxibelelwano yomhlaba, inethiwekhi yeVSAT, iinkonzo zonxibelelwano kwiinqanawa;
• ulawulo nolawulo lweesathelayithi ;
• umbutho wokufikelela kwi-intanethi yebroadband .

Izakhono zesathelayithi zenkampani zivumela ukuba zibonelele ngeenkonzo kungekuphela nje kulo lonke elaseRashiya, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe ehlabathi. Kwaye inethiwekhi ye-VSAT eyakhiwe yi-RSCC igubungela ngokupheleleyo amanzi e-Arctic kunye ne-Atlantiki yolwandle, iMeditera, iNyakatho, iJapan, iCaspian, iBaltic, i-Okhotsk kunye nazo zonke iilwandle ezisemantla ezihlamba iRashiya, kuquka neNdlela yoLwandle lwaseNyakatho.

inkanyezi yesathelayithi

I-Federal State Unitary Enterprise “I-Space Systems” iphethe i-satellite enkulu ye-satellite eRashiya, equka iinqwelo ze-12. Iisathelayithi ze-geostationary ze-RSCC zisebenza kwii-C, Ku, Ka kunye ne-L bands. ukuya kuthi ga kwi-140 ° E, evumela ukuba bagubungele yonke intsimi yeRussian Federation, kunye namazwe e-CIS, uMbindi Mpuma, iYurophu, ummandla we-Asia-Pacific, i-Afrika, i-Australia kunye noMntla noMzantsi Melika.

Iziseko ezingundoqo eziphantsi

I-FSUE “IiNkqubo zeSpace” ineziseko ezibanzi zomhlaba, ezibandakanya amaziko onxibelelwano lwe-5 kunye nesikhululo esinye se-satellite. Into ephambili yale nkqubo yiziko lobugcisa i-Shabolovka, elidibanisa i-CKS kunye nesikhululo sonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi kunye namaziko okutshintsha aseRashiya nakwamanye amazwe eMoscow. Imisebenzi ephambili yeziko leShabolovka :

• ukuqulunqwa, ukulungelelanisa, ulungelelwaniso, ukufomathwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwamajelo edijithali kunye neendlela;
• ukugcinwa kwecandelo lomhlaba wonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi;
• ukugcinwa kothungelwano lonxibelelwano lwe-SE CC;
• ukugcinwa nokulawulwa kothungelwano lwenkampani;
• uqhagamshelo lwabasebenzisi kwiinkonzo zonxibelelwano.

I- CKS Dubna yasekwa kwi-1980, kwaye namhlanje iyona teleport enkulu kwi-Russian Federation kwaye ifakwe kwi-TOP yaseYurophu yee-teleports ezinkulu. Ixhotyiswe nge:

• Izikhululo ze-24 ze-transceiver earth ezineeriyali ukusuka kwi-2.4 ukuya kwi-32 yeemitha zokuququzelela amajelo onxibelelwano;
• izikhululo ezingama-27 zetransceiver zomhlaba zolawulo lwesiphekepheke kunye netelemetry;
• Izikhululo ezili-11 zokulinganisa nokubeka iliso;
• I-2 imigca yonxibelelwano ye-fiber optic ezimeleyo ye-20 Gbps;
• Ii-4 zombane eziphezulu zombane.

I-ZKS iZheleznogorsk isebenza njengendawo eyomeleleyo yenxalenye esempuma ye-FSUE “Iinkqubo zeSpace” ze-satellite constellation. Umsebenzi wakhe waqala ngo-2004. I-MCC ilawula kwaye ibeke iliso kwiisathelayithi ezibekwe ukusuka kuma-32° ukuya kuma-154° E. Ixhotyiswe nge:

• Izikhululo ezili-10 zokulinganisa imiyalelo kunye netelemetry zokufumana i-telemetry, ukugqiba indawo yesiphekepheke kunye nokuzilawula;
• izikhululo ezisi-7 zokulinganisa nokubeka iliso;
• Izikhululo ezi-3 ze-transceiver Earth ukubonelela ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwee-MCCs;
• Izitishi ezi-4 zokwamkela nokusasaza kumbutho wosasazo lukamabonakude nonomathotholo eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude;
• Izitishi ezi-5 zokwamkela nothutho zokubonelela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano kubathengi;
• Imigca emi-2 yonxibelelwano lwefiber optic;
• 2 izixhobo zombane eziphezulu.

I-CKS Bear Lakes yasekwa ngo-1967. Namhlanje isebenza njengeqonga lokubonelela ngeenkonzo zikamabonwakude kunye nezonxibelelwano kubathengi be-SE CU. Kwakhona kwintsimi yeziko kukho i-backup compression center, umsebenzi wayo kukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kosasazo lukamabonwakude xa kwenzeka ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo eShabolovka.
I-CKS Skolkovo yasekwa ngoDisemba ka-2003. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweeplatifti zesathelayithi zorhwebo, kunye nokwamkelwa kwedatha kwiisathelayithi kwi-arc ukusuka kwi-27 ° W. ukuya kuthi ga kwi-102°E Ukwenza oku, iziko line:

• izikhululo ezisi-8 zothutho lwemigqomo emininzi;
• I-33 esisigxina kunye ne-retargetable efumana i-eriyali ukusuka kwi-2.5 ukuya kwi-6.3 yeemitha;
• isikhululo solawulo lwesiphekepheke;
• Imigca emi-2 yonxibelelwano lwefiber optic ezimeleyo.

I-TsKS Khabarovsk – i-teleport enkulu kwiMpuma Ekude – yasungulwa kwi-2004. Imisebenzi yayo ibandakanya ukuququzelelwa kwamajelo onxibelelwano ngesathelayithi, inkxaso yosasazo lukamabonakude nonomathotholo kunye nothungelwano lweVSAT. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-complex ixhotyiswe ngezikhululo ze-20 ze-satellite transceiver kunye ne-antenna ukusuka kwi-2.4 ukuya kwi-9 yeemitha, kunye nezixhobo ze-telemetry, iimvavanyo ze-orbital, ukulawula umthwalo we-satellite transponder. Isikhululo sonxibelelwano lweSatellite uVladimir ngo-1971, kwaye ngo-2009 wadlula phantsi kolawulo lwe-GP KS. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• ubonelelo ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi kwiC-, Ku- kunye ne-L-bands;
• ilungiselelo lonxibelelwano ngemfonomfono;
• inkxaso kumajelo osasazo kamabonakude nonomathotholo;
• ubonelelo lonxibelelwano lukarhulumente oluhambahambayo;
• ulawulo kunye nolawulo lwetelemetric yeesathelayithi zochungechunge lwe-Express-AM kwindawo ukusuka kwi-20 ° W. ukuya kuthi ga kwi-103°E

Ngaloo ndlela, isiseko somhlaba se-FSUE “IiNkqubo zeSpace”, ezidityaniswe nobuchule be-satellite yayo, ivumela inkampani ukuba ibonelele ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi kungekuphela nje kubathengi baseRashiya kulo lonke ilizwe, kodwa nakubathengi bangaphandle.