Izindlela zokukhiqiza izimpondo ze-DVB-T2 zokuthola umabonakude wedijithali

Uma ungafuni ukuthenga
uthi lwe-DVB-T2 lwe-TV yedijithali , ungazenzela wena usebenzisa amathuluzi atholakalayo. Njengoba kungekho umklamo ongasebenza ngempumelelo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, udinga ukukhetha inguqulo efanelekile kakhulu yedivayisi eyenziwe ekhaya, kuye ngokuthi isimo esithile.

Ama-Antenna Alula

Uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwakha uthi lwe-DVB T2, futhi uhlu lwezinto ezithuthukisiwe lunqunyelwe, ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa idivayisi eyisisekelo ngokwakho.

“Tin” (ithini) i-antenna

Ihlangana ngokushesha futhi kalula. Ukuze uthole ukwamukela okuhle, udinga isignali yekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kwezithiyo. Umphumela omkhulu kakhulu ungatholakala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni nasemadolobheni amancane. Ukuze ukhiqize udinga:

• amathini kabhiya – ama-2 ama-pcs.;
• i-screwdriver, amabhawodi, izikulufu ezizishayayo;
• ipulaki, ikhebula;
• ucingo lwethusi (ucezu oluncane);
• i-adhesive tape noma i-insulating tape;
• izinti zokhuni – ama-2 ama-pcs.

Ku-antenna, kuyadingeka ukwenza uhlaka lwe-cruciform ngokhuni. Bese senza lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Senza izimbobo zama-bolts phakathi nendawo ephansi yamathini.
2. Sisusa ukufakwa kwekhebula ngaphandle kokuthinta i-contour yangaphandle, elingana nobude nezimbiza ezintathu + enye i-20 cm.
3. Selula ikhebula ngembobo eyodwa kuya kwesinye, sibeka amathini ngezintamo zawo ngokuhambisana. Silungisa ikhebula ekugcineni nge-bolt noma isikulufu esizithephayo.
4. Silungisa ikhebula kusuka emgodini kanye nengxenye yayo engenalutho phakathi kwamabhange nocingo.
5. Silungisa izimbiza nge-tape noma i-insulating tape (ukujika okukodwa kwanele) kubha yefreyimu, etholakala ngokuvundlile.
6. Sinamathisela ipulaki.

Lapho ugoba, ungalimazi ikhebula, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke uthole isignali enhle. Ungagxumi engxenyeni yekhebula elingenalutho – unomkhawulo we-0.2 m.

Manje sinquma isikhawu esidingekayo phakathi kwezimbiza. Sixhuma ipulaki bese sibahambisa eduze kwebha kuze kutholakale isignali ezinzile. Njengomthetho, umphumela omkhulu utholakala ebangeni elingama-7 cm ukusuka kwelinye ibhodlela ukuya kwelinye. Ngemva kwalokho, sibanamathisela ngokuqinile ku-contour. Uma i-antenna isetshenziswa ngaphandle, kuyadingeka ukuyimboza nge-polyethylene noma wenze ifreyimu yepulasitiki. Ungakwazi ukukhweza idivayisi kuhuku. Uma ikhebula elingenalutho elingaphezu kuka-2 cm lihlala lapho uphuma embobeni, bopha ingxenye engaphezulu nge-insulating tape. Indlela yokwenza i-antenna elula ngamakani ikhonjisiwe kule vidiyo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kt8u3U-Hp8g

“Iluphu”

Ingxenye esebenzayo intambo ye-TV. Le antenna yenziwe kanje:

1. Nqamula ikhebula othini olunephutha.
2. Sihlanza isiphetho.
3. Sikala u-0.4 m, sisusa ukufakwa ngo-20 mm, sizama ukungalimazi isifunda sangaphandle.
4. Indawo engenalutho kanye nengxenye ehlanziwe iboshwe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nocingo.

Umphumela kufanele ube yindilinga (engaphezudlwana kuka-0.15 m ububanzi) ukusuka kukhebula njengomamukeli. Ngemuva kwalokho, phakathi nendawo ephambene nohlangothi lwephoyinti lokubopha, linganisa u-40 mm bese ususa ukufakwa. Manje i-antenna ingasetshenziswa. Ububi bedivayisi umsindo wayo, njengoba ukuphela kwekhebula kuvuliwe. Kodwa ngokusetshenziswa kwesikhashana, i-antenna enjalo izokwenza. Indlela yokwenza iluphu yekhebula i-antenna iboniswa kuvidiyo engezansi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdD3nANJbQY

Kulolothingo olunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube neshuna ye-T2 noma i-TV kufanele ibe ne-T2 eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.

I-antenna ngaphandle kwebhokisi

Izinto zokuqala zokwenziwa kwedivayisi yibhokisi lekhadibhodi. Sisika onxande abangu-2 abangu-0.25×0.3 m kuyo. Futhi udinga ukulungiselela:

• Intambo ye-TV enepulaki;
• ama-bolts, amantongomane (ama-2 ama-pcs.);
• i-screwdriver, i-razor blade;
• ucingo (okungcono ithusi);
• iphepha lokudla noma i-foil;
• glue (umfundisi ufanelekile).

Sika izikwele ezi-2 ephepheni lokudla (i-perimeter kufanele ifane nezikhala zekhadibhodi). Wanamathisele ngokuqinile ekhadini elingenalutho. Sisusa okusele kweglue.

Uma usebenzisa i-foil ekhadini, gwema izikhala nama-protrusions, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwamukela kuyoba mpofu.

Izikwele ezenziwe zizoba yingxenye eyamukelayo yothi. Manje sixhuma ikhebula. Nge-blade senza izimbobo zama-bolts – emagumbini ezikwele (izinhlangothi eziseduze). Khona-ke sidweba i-contour yangaphakathi kwenye yezimbobo, kanye ne-contour yangaphandle (i-metal casing) kwenye. Sibopha othintana nabo ngamabhawudi. Sithola ukwamukela okuzinzile ngokuxhuma ikhebula ku-TV. Sihambisa izikwele ngenkathi sigcina ukufana kwezinhlangothi eziseduze. Ngemva kokuthola ibanga elidingekayo, sinamathisela izikwele kuhlaka. Buka ividiyo ekhombisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo indlela yokwenza i-antenna: https://youtu.be/gwqKRAePtZw

Sebenzisa idivayisi kuphela njenge
-antenna yasendlini , njengoba i-foil ayimelani kahle imvelo yangaphandle.

I-Z-antenna – i-decimeter antenna ye-digital TV DVB-T2

Le divayisi yasekhaya ibizwa nangokuthi “Isikwele”, “Izigzag Yabantu”, “Rhombus”. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa inguqulo eyenziwe lula ye-zigzag yakudala. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuzwela, ifakwe ama-capacitive inserts (1, 2) kanye nesibonisi A. Uma ileveli yesiginali yamukelekile, lokhu akudingekile. Ukuze wenze i-antenna ngezandla zakho, uzodinga amashubhu enziwe ngethusi, i-aluminium, ithusi noma imichilo engu-0.1-0.15 m. Uma ufaka isakhiwo ngaphandle, i-aluminium ayifaneleki kakhulu kulokhu ngenxa yokuthi iyakwazi ukugqwala. Ukwakhiwa kokufakwa kwe-capacitive, i-foil, ithini noma i-mesh yensimbi ifanelekile. Ngemuva kokufakwa, badinga ukwenza i-contour soldering.

Ukufakwa kwekhebula kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokugoba okubukhali nangaphakathi kokufaka eceleni.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_276″ align=”aligncenter” width=”600″]
Z-antenna yamagagasi edecimeter[/caption] Inguqulo yakudala ye-Z-antenna ibonakala ngokusebenza eziteshini ezingu-1-5 noma ezingu-6-12. Ukuze ukwenze, udinga ukuqoqa:

• ama-slats enziwe ngokhuni;
• wire yethusi enameled 0.6-1.2 mm;
• izinsalela ze-fiberglass (ucwecwe), ubukhulu beziteshi ezihambisanayo eziyi-1-5 / 6-12:
  • A = 340/95 cm;
  • B, C = 170/45 cm;
  • b = 10/2.8 cm;
  • H = 30/10 cm.

E – leli phuzu libonakala ngokungabi namandla – i-braid kufanele ithengiswe epuleti lensimbi ukuze lisekelwe. Amapharamitha we-Reflector (kanye namashaneli ahambisanayo 1-5/6-12):

• A \u003d 62 / 17.5 cm;
• B = 30/13 cm;
• D = 320/90 cm.

Omunye umdwebo kanye nezincazelo ezengeziwe ezizosiza ekuhlanganiseni i-antenna kuvezwa ngezansi:

Zenzele wena ngokwakho i-antenna esebenzayo esebenzayo ye-TV yedijithali:

https://youtu.be/l1PuJLS7BlM

i-antenna eyisishiyagalombili

Kubhekwa njengenye yemishini yasekhaya esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola i-TV yedijithali. Ubuye abe nelinye igama –
i-antenna kaKharchenkonoma i-biquad. Iyisikwele esimise okwedayimane kabili. Le divayisi ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezimeni ezihlukahlukene, ngaphandle kwezakhiwo eziminyene kakhulu, njengoba ziphazamisa ukwamukela amasignali abonisiwe. Lapho uklama “isishiyagalombili” kuyadingeka ukwenza izibalo ezifanele, kucatshangelwa ubude be-wavelength. Zonke izinhlangothi zesikwele kanye nengxenye yobude besigaba samagagasi kufanele zifane. Ngenxa yalokho, i-perimeter izolingana nobude begagasi ngokwalo. Isibonelo, i-DTV endaweni yedolobha elikhulu, izoba ngu-0.6 m, ngokulandelana, uhlangothi olulodwa luyi-0.15 m. Ukuze wenze i-antenna enjalo, udinga ukubeka phezu kwethusi (2-3 mm) noma i-aluminium (5-6). mm) ucingo. Ngokusho komqondo wokuklama, kuzodingeka ukhiqize izikwele ezimbili. Kudingekile ukusika u-2 cm emikhawulweni yocingo bese uwabopha komunye nomunye ukuze

Qiniseka ukuthi uhlukanisa iziphetho eziqinile zamapheya ezintambo komunye nomunye, ngaphandle kwalokho uthi luzokhipha isignali kuphela.

Ngohlaka, i-beam elula ivame ukusetshenziswa. Uma zonke izenzo zenziwe ngendlela efanele, umamukeli ulungiswa ngokushesha, ngoba akudingekile ukuhlola ukusebenza. Ikhebula lithengiswa ncamashi phakathi nendawo, lapho kuhlangana khona ucingo kuphelela kwelinye lamaphuzu. Buka ividiyo yokuthi ungayenza kanjani i-antenna ye-biquadratic ngezandla zakho: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3o0ZBUcL2f0

Isiteshi segagasi esinezici ezintathu noma ezine

Uhlobo lwakudala lwe-antenna enezici ezintathu “wave” ibonakala ngokuba khona kwezingxenye ezilandelayo:

• umqondisi, onobude obuncane kakhulu futhi obuqondiswe embhoshongweni we-TV;
• isidlidlizi esingunxande;
• isibonisi.

Thola idivayisi – kufika ku-6 dB. I-antenna iyakwazi ukucosha isignali ye-DVB-T2 evela esikhungweni sikamabonakude cishe esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-5 noma ngokubona okuqondile kufika ku-30 ​​km. Ayinikezi inzuzo eningi, idivayisi enjalo ayifanele ukwamukela ibanga elide lamasignali abonisiwe. Ukwandisa inzuzo, udinga ukuhlomisa isakhiwo ngezinto eziyishumi noma ngaphezulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza uthi olunjalo ngokwakho. Kungcono kakhulu ukuba nezinto ezintathu noma ezine. I-algorithm yezenzo imi kanje:

1. Kudingekile ukuthi ugcine ngocingo lwethusi noma ishubhu kusuka ku-0.2 kuya ku-0.5 cm ububanzi. Sithengisa isibonisi, umqondisi kanye nesidlidlizi kumhlahlandlela wedivayisi.
2. Isakhiwo sinamathele esigxotsheni se-dielectric esiseduze nekhebula. I-antenna ixhunywe nayo ngengxenye yekhebula le-antenna – i-U-elbow, enokumelana namagagasi angama-75 ohms. Ubude bayo buphindaphindwa into yokunciphisa etholakala kumkhiqizo wekhebula elisetshenzisiwe.
3. Isidlidlizi se-antenna sithengiswa ezinhlangothini zombili ngama-core cores we-U-elbow. Ezokugcina zixhunywe ngendlela efanayo ezikrinini zekhebula eliphumayo, futhi ingqikithi yayo emaphakathi ixhunywe kusidlidlizi se-antenna.

Ukwengezwa komqondisi oyedwa kuzosiza ekwandiseni inzuzo ngobuningi obungu-2 dB, okuzonikeza i-antenna yezinto ezine ekuphumeni futhi kwandise indawo yokwamukela ezinzile ngamakhilomitha amaningana.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-antenna enezici ezintathu “isiteshi samaza” iboniswa kule vidiyo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLY0_7brvbo

Isikwele esiphindwe kabili (kathathu).

Ukuzikhiqiza kwalolu antenna kuyefana ezibalweni usebenzisa idivayisi ye-biquad. Isici somklamo ukuhlelwa kwezikwele eziningana ezifanayo ngokulandelana. Umehluko omkhulu ovela ku-antenna ye-G8 ukuntuleka kokwamukela isignali ezinzile evela ku-TV ephindaphindayo, esuswa kude kakhulu. Inhloso yesikwele esiphindwe kabili (kathathu) ukuthola amasignali endaweni engemuva ephezulu yemisebe. Imvamisa umbhoshongo wethelevishini osemabhilidini aminyene kakhulu, nakuba useduze, kungase kube neminye imibhoshongo eyamukelayo yamafrikhwensi ahlukahlukene amise igagasi ledesimitha. Le divayisi eyenziwe ekhaya iyakwazi ukuthola amagagasi obude obuthile ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi idizayini ye-multilevel yedivayisi isebenza njenge-amplifier. Izikwele zifakwa kalula kubha. Ukukhweza idivayisi iqonde phezulu,

Xhuma izikwele komunye nomunye hhayi kusayithi elisebenzayo, kodwa kuphela ngosizo lwamaseli amafutha aphumayo. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi, veza ikhebula ngaphezulu futhi ulidayise emakhoneni aphansi ezikwele, bese ulibophela kubha.

Ngemva kokuqeda ukuhlanganiswa kwezikwele eziningana, zilungise okwesikhashana futhi, ngokushintsha amabanga phakathi kwazo, uveze ukwamukela isignali efanele, bese uzilungisa ngokuqinile. Indlela yokwenza i-antenna kusuka kuma-biquad amaningana ukwandisa inzuzo iboniswa kule vidiyo: https://youtu.be/6mCVeQgPqvE

I-Antenna DVB T2 “Butterfly” (“Moth”)

Ngokwesakhiwo, uthi olunjalo lubonakala ngezimpondo ezibekwe zibheke phezulu. Ngandlela thize, amadivaysi anjalo afana nemishini yokuphina yefekthri ye-TV yedijithali eyenziwe e-Poland, kodwa ahluke ngokuthi asebenzisa ifremu esikhundleni sohlelo olunezigaba. Ukuze wenze “uvemvane” ngezandla zakho, udinga stock up:

• ukubhoboza nezikulufo;
• irula kanye protractor;
• abasiki bezintambo;
• ucingo (6 mm) olwenziwe nge-aluminium 3 m ubude;
• ama-bolts anamantongomane (ama-16 ama-pcs.) noma i-solder iron;
• induku yokhuni.

Njengomthetho, ama-antenna e-TV edijithali enziwe ePoland aklanyelwe ukufakwa ngaphandle, okusho ukuthi lo mklamo uzodinga ukufakwa ngaphandle. Ukuze umelane nomoya onamandla, kungcono ukuthi ungasebenzisi ucingo lwethusi (3 mm) ezimpondweni ezinde, kodwa i-aluminium ewugqinsi.

Izinhlelo ze-TV zedijithali zisebenza namashaneli e-TV aphathekayo angu-21 (imvamisa 314 MHz, ubude begagasi 0.63 m). Lokhu kuhlobana nemisebe ephindaphindayo ephezulu ye-RTRS. Ubude obudingekayo bendawo esebenzayo buyi-0.16 m, kuzo zonke “izimpondo” – 2.56 m. Ngakho-ke, ucingo lwamamitha amathathu luzokwanela.

Induku isetshenziswa njengefreyimu, ubude bayo kufanele okungenani bube ngu-0.6 m. Kuhlaka, kuyadingeka ukwenza izimpawu ze “antennae”. Lokhu kwenziwa kanje:

1. Simaka amaphuzu angu-4 ngebanga elilinganayo (0.2 m).
2. Sidweba imigqa evela emaphuzwini, kufanele ilale ngokuhambisanayo futhi i-perpendicular kuhlaka.
3. Sikala ama-engeli aseduze ama-degree angu-30 (2 kuya kwesobunxele no-2 kwesokudla) kusuka emigqeni eqondile bese sibeka amaphuzu.
4. Sidweba imigqa nge-engeli emaphoyintini aqokiwe kusuka kwamaphakathi. Le migqa izosebenza njengesikhombi sokufaka “izimpondo”.

Ngokucabangela ubude besigamu sesigaba sesiphambano segagasi esingu-0.15 m, sizohlaziya izinketho ezimbili zokwenziwa okuzimele kwalolo luthi.

Ukwenza usebenzisa i-soldering iron

Kulokhu, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kuzothatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yensimbi igxilwe ngokuhambisana othini lokhuni. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izingcezu ezi-4 zensimbi (zixhunywe kamuva) noma ucingo. Ukuze ubone umaka we-TE, kuyadingeka ukuthi ifreyimu yokhuni ihlale ivuliwe. Izindawo zokunamathela kwezimpondo zizosebenza njengamaphuzu asemqoka kumakhaphu, futhi imigqa edwetshwe nge-engeli izosebenza njengendawo yazo. Sithatha ucingo, sinqume izingxenye ezingu-16 (0.15 m ngayinye) nge-wire cutters futhi solder izimpondo ezenziwe kuzo, ziqoqwe ngezicucu ezingu-4, kuwo wonke amaphuzu aqokiwe.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi wonke amaqembu ezakhi ahlanganiswe ne-tape yokuvikela.

I-Bolting

Kulo mfanekiso, azikho izengezo zensimbi esakhiweni sokhuni ezidingekayo – ngokufanele, idivayisi izoba lula. Induku ikhethwa ngemingcele elandelayo: ububanzi – 4 cm, ukujiya – kusuka ku-2 cm. Okokuqala, “imigodi” yezimpondo ilungiswa nge-drill. Zenziwa ohlangothini lwenduku nge-engeli engaphakathi eduze komugqa kumakhaphu. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimbobo zibhobozwa futhi zidlule eduze kwe-tangent yemigodi. Uhlaka lwenziwe. Sinquma izingcezu ze-0.17 m kusuka ocingweni (nge-margin), sijulise izimpondo ezilungiselelwe emigodini ngo-2 cm, bese uzilungisa ngokuqinile ngamantongomane nama-bolts. Sigoqa izimpondo ngocingo oluncane, sixhumane.

Ukwenza i-antenna ngale ndlela kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, kodwa okukhiphayo kuhlala isikhathi eside kunomklamo odayisiwe.

Indlela yokwenza i-bult-on butterfly antenna ikhonjisiwe kule vidiyo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGpHdvDyt6s

I-Antenna N. Turkina yokuthola ithelevishini yedijithali

Idivayisi iqukethe izindandatho ezingu-6 zezintambo zensimbi, ezisebenza njengezidlidlizi ezisebenzayo kanye nezici ze-passive futhi ezigxilwe kumhlahlandlela we-dielectric. Le antenna inokusebenza okungcono kokwamukela kunesikwele esiphindwe kathathu, ngakho-ke ivamise ukufakwa ukwamukela amasiginali e-DVB-T2 ebangeni elide. I-antenna ye-N. Turkin iyibhande elincane, ngakho-ke izilungiselelo ezinembile zizodingeka phakathi nokufakwa kwayo. Kumele ifakwe endaweni lapho kukhona i-multiplex eyodwa kuphela (uma kukhona ezimbili, kufanele zibe seziteshini eziseduze). Uma zisakazwa phezu kwenani elikhulu lamashaneli, ukwamukela kuzoba sezingeni eliphansi. Idivayisi iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• induku ye-dielectric lapho ukufakwa kwenziwa khona;
• abaqondisi i-D1÷D3 ene-reflector R – izakhi zokwenziwa;
• I-V1, i-V2 – izidlidlizi;
• izindandatho ze-ferrite (faka ikhebula eduze nokuxhumeka kuma-vibrators) – idivayisi ehambisanayo.

Ukuxhumeka kwama-vibrator asebenzayo kusekelwe ku-Swiss square: uxhumano olumise okwesiphambano lwamandandatho anokusikeka okuphansi kusuka ngezansi.

Ukuze ufake uzodinga:

• nquma ububanzi befrikhwensi ye-DVB-T2;
• yenza isibalo esinembile sobukhulu bedivayisi;
• yenza izingxenye, solder isifunda kagesi.

Idatha yokuqala yefrikhwensi nezinombolo zesiteshi zokubala zingatholakala kumasevisi e-DVB-T2 opharetha bomabonakude. Sizocabangela ithelevishini yedijithali esiteshini 40, imvamisa ye-626 MHz. Ibanga (L) phakathi kwezinto – 29, 72, 96, 60, 96 mm (inani – 353 mm). Ama-circumferences angu-470, 465, 460, 484, 489, 537 mm.
Ngemva kokunquma amapharamitha, ake siqale ukusebenza:

1. Sikhetha ibha yokhuni (ubude bayo kufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-353 mm) induku ye-insulating, ucingo lwethusi (okungcono 2.5 sq. Mm. Futhi 4 m ubude).
2. Simaka izimbobo lapho izindandatho zizoxhunywa khona, futhi sizibhoboze.
3. Senza izidlidlizi ezisebenzayo kanye nezici ze-passive. Sika umgogodla wethusi eduze komjikelezo wendandatho ngayinye. Sigoba zonke izingxenye zibe izindandatho. Kuma-vibrator asebenzayo, iziphetho zamasongo zenziwe ngegebe, ngakho-ke sandisa ubude bezingxenye ngo-8 cm, siwagobe nge-engeli efanele ohlangothini. Thina solder crosswise ekuqaleni olandelayo.
4. Senza ama-cascade we-passive elements abe mfishane, bese siwagxumeka ku-dialectical rod. Sithengisa iziphetho zendandatho.
5. Sifaka abaqondisi ku-traverse. Sidlula i-jumper eyenziwe ngethusi elincanyana, cindezela indandatho ye-vibrator nhlangothi zombili. Sigoqa i-jumper phezu kwendawo ekhonjiwe ezinhlangothini zombili bese siyithengisa.
6. Ifaka izidlidlizi.
7. Faka isibonisi.
8. Sixhuma ikhebula.
9. Sihlola izinga lokwamukela.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukukhiqiza uthi lwe-TV yedijithali, udinga ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi ezokwamukela kangcono ifomethi ye-DVB-T2. Ngemva kokubukeza izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezimpondo zasekhaya, ungakhetha inketho engcono kakhulu yecala lakho.