I-antenna yangaphandle neyasendlini eyenziwe ekhaya yethelevishini yedijithali

I-DIY i-antenna yethelevishini yedijithali yedijithali: ubukhulu, umdwebo olula, i-antenna yangaphandle nengaphakathi yethelevishini yedijithali, eyenziwe nguwe. Muva nje, ithelevishini ivele empilweni yomuntu. Cishe iminyaka eyikhulu eqinisweni lethu bekukhona into efana ne-TV. Kusukela ekusungulweni kwabo kuze kube muva nje, amathelevishini anikwe amandla ubuchwepheshe besignali ye-analog. Umehluko omkhulu ohlotsheni lwesimanje lwesignali esetshenzisiwe, idijithali, ukudluliselwa kukagesi kumamukeli. Lo gesi uhambisana nemvamisa ethile kanye ne-amplitude, eguqulwa ibe isithombe nomsindo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11685” align = “aligncenter” wide = “497”]
I-antenna elula yokwamukela umabonakude wedijithali ngezandla zakho [/ amazwibela] Isizathu esikhulu sokushintshela komhlaba wonke ekusakazeni kwedijithali izinsiza ezilinganiselwe ezibizwa nge-analog TV. https://cxcvb.com/kak-podklyuchit/priem-cifrovogo-televideniya.html Kalula nje, ngesikhathi esisodwa, amaza lapho inombolo enkulu yeziteshi eqala ukuwasho ayayeka ukwanele. E-Russia, inqubo yoshintsho oluphelele kuthelevishini yedijithali yaqala ngo-2006 futhi yaphela ngo-2019. “Idijithali” ihluke ekudlulisweni kwe-analog hhayi kuphela ekukhuphukeni kwekhwalithi yesithombe, kodwa futhi ohlelweni olwakhiwe futhi lusebenza ngalo. Ngakho-ke i-TV yedijithali ayisaboshelwe esikhungweni sethelevishini sesifunda esisodwa lapho amasignali angena khona ngezintambo. Uthi luvela ohlelweni lokusebenza, oluthola isignali bese luyidlulisela ku-TV. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela indlela yokwenza i-antenna yethelevishini yedijithali ngezandla zakho. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11672” align = “aligncenter” wide = “983”]
Isekhethi ye-antenna yethelevishini yedijithali [/ amazwibela]

Okudingayo ukuze wenze uthi lokuzenzela ukuze uthole i-TV yedijithali

Uhlu lwezinto ezizodingeka ukwenza uthi luncike ohlotsheni lwedivaysi yesikhathi esizayo yokwamukela amaza omsakazo. Uhlu olukhulu lwezinto ezibonakalayo luqukethe:

• ithubhu enobubanzi obungu-0.5 mm2;
• intambo yethusi noma i-aluminium/intambo ye-coaxial;
• imichilo ye-aluminium, amathini, izixhumi, njll.

Ukwenza i-antenna ngezandla zakho, noma yiziphi izinto zokuqhuba, isibonelo, izinduku namakhona, zifanelekile.

Izinto zokwenziwa zifaka: ithusi, i-aluminium, insimbi, insimbi, ithusi, ithusi, i-tungsten, i-molybdenum.

Uma sikhuluma ngezindleko, umamukeli wegagasi ozenzelayo, intambo ye-coaxial ifaneleka kakhulu. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3206″ align=”aligncenter” width=”488″]
Isebenza kanjani intambo ye-coaxial[/caption] Inani layo liphansi kakhulu kunelentambo yethusi, kodwa inezici ezifanayo nezomunye umqhubi odumile, okuvame kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela bakagesi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungasebenzisa ucingo lwe-antenna evamile. I-antenna eyodwa ayisebenzi futhi ayinangqondo ngaphandle kweminye imininingwane esiza ukuguqula isignali yedijithali ibe isithombe. Ngaphezu kwezinto ezingenhla ze-antenna, uzodinga:

• ipulaki edlulisa isignali isuka othini iye kumamukeli;
• uma i-TV ingeyemodeli endala – umamukeli – umamukeli;
• i-TV ngokwayo.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11686″ align=”aligncenter” width=”752″]
Esinye isibonelo sezinto ezenziwe ekhaya – izimpondo zokwamukela izinombolo, ngokusekelwe kumathini kathayela[/caption] Unganikeza izinto zokwakha isimo osifunayo futhi uzibophe ngaphandle kwamathuluzi akhethekile. , kodwa ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula futhi wonge isikhathi, kufanelekile ukulungiselela ama-pliers nama-wire cutters, i-tape yokuvikela, ne-solder iron.

Izinhlobonhlobo zama-antenna athola isignali yedijithali yekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze uzenzele wena ngokwakho

Ukukhetha okubanzi kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izimpondo ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe kukuvumela ukuthi uqhubekele kumakhono nezimo zakho. Kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuthola ngokomzimba izinto ezidingekayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Amathuluzi athuthukisiwe asiza, cishe wonke umuntu anakho egaraji. I-antenna iyisakhiwo, isisetshenziswa esiklanyelwe ukuthwebula amaza okusakaza kumabonakude. Amadivayisi enzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuvamile ayakwazi ukuthatha imvamisa ebangeni elisuka ku-41 kuye ku-250 MHz. Amathuba amancane, kodwa kungenzeka, ukuthi i-antenna eyenziwe ekhaya izokwazi ukuthatha amagagasi e-ultra-high frequency, asukela ku-470-960 MHz. Ukuthwebula amadivayisi akhelwe amathelevishini, ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili – yangaphakathi (etholakala eduze kwe-TV eduze) nengaphandle (ifakwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo lapho i-TV ikhona). [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11687” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1024”]
Ama-antenna okwamukela umabonakude wedijithali, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, idayagramu, ubukhulu [/ amazwibela] Ngezandla zakho ungenza izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezimpondo zokusakaza umabonakude wedijithali:

• i-coaxial (inegama lesibili elithi “Kusuka ocingweni”);
• kusuka emathini;
• umfanekiso wesishiyagalombili (obizwa ngokuthi “Zigzag”);
• log-periodic;
• igagasi.

Ama-antenna enziwe ekhaya e-TV yedijithali – imidwebo, ubukhulu, amathiphu nezithombe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusakazwa kwedijithali kubonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kunokusakaza kwe-analogi, akubeki izidingo ezikhethekile kwikhwalithi yedivayisi eyamukela noma ehambisa amaza omsakazo. Ngisho noma yikuphi ukungafani nokungahambi kahle esakhiweni akuthinti kakhulu ukuhlanekezela kwesignali eyamukelwe.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele azame ukugcina izilinganiso zejometri zazo zonke izakhi ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka, iphutha akufanele lidlule amamilimitha ambalwa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi:

1. Inani lamashaneli atholiwe liyancipha ngokuzuza kwe-antenna.
2. Ngokunciphisa ukuqondisa kwedivayisi, inzuzo iyanda.

Kulokhu okungenhla, kulandela ukuthi uthi luzothatha ukuphazamiseka okuncane uma uhlu lwamashaneli atholiwe luncane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi idizayini efanelekile ayinakutholwa ngenxa yokuba khona kwalokhu kuncika okuqondile nokuphambene.

i-antenna yekhebula yasendlini

Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna lufanelekile uma ibanga lokuya kumbhoshongo we-TV lilincane, futhi azikho izithiyo ezibonakalayo njengezakhiwo eziphakeme nezintaba endleleni eya kuyo. Idivaysi yentambo ye-coaxial isendlini futhi ukuze yenziwe uzodinga ikhebula ngokwayo elingu-2.5-3 wamamitha ubude, izinqamuli zezintambo, ipeni noma enye idivayisi yokumaka, imitha yobude: i-tape measure, irula, ipulaki yokudlulisela isignali ku-TV noma umamukeli. . Kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10 ukwenza.
Isinyathelo sokuqalaEkhebulani, sihlehla ngamasentimitha angu-5 ukusuka kolunye unqenqema futhi sisuse ungqimba lwangaphandle lokugquma. Impahla ye-Dielectric, engaba irabha, iphepha, i-PVC, noma i-polyethylene exhunywe ngokuphambana, ayidingeki kuphela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabantu, kodwa futhi nokwandisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kocingo, ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kokushaqeka kwemvelo. Kungakho ukukhishwa kokufakwa kwangaphandle kufanele kube okunembile ngangokunokwenzeka. I-dielectric kuphela isusiwe, i-foil kanye ne-braid yangaphakathi ihlanekezelwa ngobumnene ohlangothini ukuze bamane bangaphazamisi ukusikwa.

Isinyathelo sesibiliI-central core ihlanzwa ku-insulation yangaphakathi. Ukuze uhlanze ngokucophelela, kufanele usebenzise ummese. Sicindezela ucingo ngesithupha ku-blade yommese futhi sisuse i-dielectric ngokushintsha okubukhali. Asincomi ukuhlubula ikhebula ngokushisa nge-lighter, ekhona ekuphileni kwansuku zonke: ayiphephile futhi ayilungile.
Isinyathelo sesithathu I- core ehlanzekile yangaphakathi, i-foil kanye ne-braid esusiwe, isontekile ibe yinqwaba eyodwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza i-weave ibe namandla futhi iminyene ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukusonteka kwazo zonke izakhi kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ekugcineni kube no-2.2 cm wamahhala we-core yangaphakathi engenalutho.
Isinyathelo sesineEcicini elisuka ekugcineni kwe-insulation ohlangothini lwe-dielectric, ama-decimeter angu-2 afakwe futhi ukukhishwa kwangaphandle kukhishwa, kuyilapho yonke into engaphansi kwe-insulation yangaphakathi, kuhlanganise ngokwayo, ayithinteki. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11693″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”1200″] Zenzele
ubukhulu kanye nomdwebo wothi owenziwe ngentambo kamabonakude wedijithali[/ amazwibela]
Isinyathelo sesihlanu esingu- 2.2 dm silinganiswa ngamasentimitha amabili ahlutshiwe futhi i-dielectric yangaphandle ye-1 cm isusiwe ubude, ungathinti i-braid.
Isinyathelo sesithupha Songa isiphetho esingu-5 cm endaweni ehlanziwe ubude obungu-1 cm Kubalulekile ukwenza ukugoqa kuqine ukuze wenze iringi. Isinyathelo sokugcina ukufaka ipulaki ye-RF ekugcineni okungasetshenzisiwe. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11676” align = “aligncenter”
I-antenna elula eyenziwe ekhaya ye-TV yedijithali esuka ocingweni [/ amazwibela] I-antenna elula ye-T2 eyenziwe ekhaya esuka ekhebula elixhumanisa i-TV yedijithali ngezandla zakho: https://youtu.be/DP80f4ocREY

Kusuka emathini

Uma amathini amathini elele nxazonke ekhaya noma egaraji, ungawasebenzisa ekwenzeni i-antenna yasekhaya. Idivayisi yokubamba eyenziwe ekhaya evela emathini ingabamba iziteshi ezingu-7 ebangeni eliphakathi nendawo nelide. Isimo esiyinhloko esisebenza kulokho okuthuthukisiwe njengethini ukungabi bikho kokulimala, ama-dents kanye nomunye umonakalo, kanye namaqhubu.

Amathini kathini kufanele ahlanzeke, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwakhiwa kwe-antenna, kufanele agezwe futhi omiswe kahle.

Ukuze ukhiqize uzodinga:

• i-soldering iron;
• amabhange amabili;
• isisekelo sokhuni;
• ikhebuli yethelevishini evamile (imakwe ngokuthi RK-75);
• i-tape kagesi kanye nezikulufa zokuzishaya (3-4 ama-pcs.);

Isinyathelo sokuqala Ikhebula elingamamitha amaningana ubude lisuswa komunye umkhawulo we-insulation yangaphandle ngo-10 cm. I-central core iyahlanzwa, i-insulation yepulasitiki yangaphakathi iyasuswa. Isikrini esilukiwe sangaphakathi sisontekile saba yinqwaba eqinile phakathi nendawo.
Isinyathelo sesibili Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwentambo, udinga ukuxhuma ipulaki ezoxhuma ku-TV futhi idlulise isignali (ephawulwe ngokuthi “RF”).
Isinyathelo sesithathu Sisusa “izindlebe” ezincane emathini, ngosizo lwazo ezivulayo, sibopha izingxenye zekhebula ngezikulufa zokuzithinta: umgogodla osontekile kanye ne-braid. Silungisa nge-soldering iron.
Isinyathelo sesineAmabhange asevele axhunyiwe (isinyathelo sesi-3) afakwe ngokuqinile emgqeni owodwa futhi agxilwe esisekelweni sokhuni noma ngisho ne-hanger nanoma yiziphi izinto ezikhona (noma iyiphi i-dielectric), isibonelo, i-tape kagesi noma i-adhesive tape. I-antenna enjalo ingafakwa emgwaqweni noma ekhaya (kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isikhathi eside ikhebula, isithombe sizoba sibi kakhulu), ungakwazi ukukhulisa isignali usebenzisa i-amplifier noma imigqa eyengeziwe ngamabhange.

Eyisishiyagalombili, i-antenna kaKharchenko yokuthola umabonakude wedijithali ngezandla zakhe

Lo mklamo waziwa ngabantu ngo-1961. Ivumele abantu abahlala ngaphandle kwendawo yesignali eqinile ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe. Umklamo uqukethe ama-rhombuse amabili, i-engeli phakathi kobuso obungu-90 °. Ukuze wenze umfanekiso wesishiyagalombili, udinga:

• I-1-1.5 amamitha wocingo lwethusi enesigaba esiphambanayo esingafika ku-5 mm;
• wire coaxial 3-5 amamitha ubude;
• insimbi, i-solder ne-rosin;
• Ipulaki ye-TV;
• irula nomaka;
• insulating tape, isisekelo isakhiwo ekhiqizwa.

Isinyathelo sokuqala Sikala futhi sinqamule ocingweni lwethusi ngo-1152 cm. Simaka ingxenye ewumphumela ibe izingxenye ezingu-8 ezilinganayo ngomaka, kuyilapho sishiya u-5 cm ekugcineni, okumele igobe kamuva. Izinto zethusi kuphela ezingafaneleka kulo mklamo, ngoba akukho aluminium noma amanye ama-conductor angathengiswa ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka ngethusi. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11688″ align=”aligncenter” width=”600″]
Bisquare[/caption]
Isinyathelo Sesibili Ngokwamamaki awumphumela, goba ucingo nge-engeli engu-90°. Sithengisa kuphela iziphetho zamahhala zocingo. Kulesi simo, igebe kufanele litholakale phakathi kwamakhona angaphakathi: i-soldered futhi igobe.
Isinyathelo SesithathuUcingo lwe-antenna luvezwa ohlangothini olulodwa ngo-3-5 cm. Ukwenza lokhu, ukufakwa kwangaphandle kukhishwa ngokucophelela, izingxenye zangaphakathi zigobile futhi umgogodla ophakathi uyakhululwa. Ingxenye emaphakathi yocingo isongwe ekhoneni elingadayisiwe, futhi ingxenye yocingo ebhekele isikrini isongwe endaweni edayisiwe. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukugoqa kuqine.

Isinyathelo Sesine Isakhiwo esiwumphumela sezintambo ezingenalutho sifakwe nge-tape kagesi noma ngesibhamu seglue. Ipulaki inamathiselwe ngakolunye uhlangothi lwentambo ukuze kudluliselwe isignali ku-TV. Idivayisi isilungile, isiphetho esigobile sinamathiselwe esisekelweni. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11670″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”957″] Zenzele
uthi lwendlu lwangaphandle lwethelevishini yedijithali 8-ka (isishiyagalombili)[/caption]

i-antenna ye-log-periodic

Izici eziyinhloko zalo mklamo ukuhlelwa kwezidlidlizi zobude obuguquguqukayo – zifakwe ku-axis efanayo. Ubukhulu bazo zonke izici zokusebenza ze-antenna ye-log-periodic akumele budlule indawo yesenzo nokuthwebula. I-antenna ye-log-periodic iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenza kwekhaya, njengoba idlula ezinye izinhlobo kuzo zonke izici, kodwa kunzima ukuyikhiqiza. Ukuze uzenzele ngokwakho, kufanele ube namashubhu amabili ensimbi (angenalutho noma cha – akunandaba, okwamanje uzogijima phezulu). Kufanele futhi ube nezintambo zethusi ezinobude obuhlukene, okuzoba izingxenye zokwamukela. Ngezansi kunetafula elinezibalo ezenziwe ngomumo okufanele zisetshenziswe lapho kulungiselelwa izingxenye zomamukeli wesignali wesikhathi esizayo.

Silungisa izidlidlizi ngokuya ngedatha enikezwe kuthebula. Kubalulekile ukuthi ububanzi bufane ngesidlidlizi ngasinye. Ikhebula lokuphakelayo lidlula emgodini wenye yezinduku noma nje ngosizo lwezinsimbi, olwenziwa njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-vibrators alungiswa nge-soldering iron. Zenzele ngokwakho i-log-periodic UHF antenna enamandla: https://youtu.be/txZJkjPkOoY

Igagasi

Ayifanele ukwamukela amasignali ebanga elide futhi inenzuzo encane, kodwa umklamo ngokwawo ubulokhu udumile kusukela ekusungulweni nasekusakazeni amaza omsakazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, futhi usathandwa. Umklamo uqukethe izakhi eziningana: ucingo lwethusi (noma ithubhu), umqondisi, i-reflector kanye ne-vibrator. Ukwengeza, kwakhiwa isisekelo lapho kuzoxhunywa khona i-antenna eqediwe (ipulasitiki noma izinkuni – akunandaba, into eyinhloko ukuthi ibe yi-dielectric). Kubalulekile ukubeka izingxenye endaweni elinganayo ukusuka komunye nomunye. Izingxenye zixhunywe ngokuhambisana nesithombe esingezansi. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11669″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”1600″]
Isiteshi se-Wave[/caption]

Uyithuthukisa kanjani ikhwalithi yesiginali kuma-antenna enziwe ekhaya

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani isignali ye-TV ibuthakathaka. Isibonelo, ikhwalithi yesithombe ivame ukulahleka noma umsindo ulahlekele ngenxa yokuthi uthi lwamukela kuphela isignali ebonisiwe. Ezinye izizathu kungaba:

• ukuzwela okuphansi;
• ikhebula eliphezulu lokumelana;
• ibanga elide ukusuka kumbhoshongo we-TV;

Ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yesiginali kuma-antenna enziwe ekhaya, udinga ukuzama lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Uma ingaphakathi endlini, kufanele uyibeke eduze nefasitela ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho endleleni yayo kuzoba nezithiyo ezimbalwa ngenxa yokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yesiginali elahlekile.
2. Uma itholakala emgwaqweni, udinga ukuyifaka endaweni ephakeme – ophahleni. Qiniseka ukuthi isignali ayivinjwanga yizintaba noma amahlathi.
3. Shintsha isiqondiso. Ukuphazamiseka nokuhlakazeka kwesithombe kuvame ukunyamalala uma uphendulela idivayisi eyamukelayo ngendlela efanele, ngisho namashumi ambalwa amadigri adlala indima.
4. Thenga i-antenna amplifier.

Ungabala kanjani amapharamitha we-TV yedijithali

Ukuze uthole i-antenna evela kukhebula, udinga ukubala ubude bayo. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amafomula ajwayelekile e-physics. Okokuqala udinga ukuqonda ukuthi imaphi amafrikhwensi okusakazwa kwe-
multiplex , ngemva kwalokho sithola inani elimaphakathi. Isibonelo, kumafrikhwensi angu-605 kanye no-613 MHz, incazelo ye-arithmetic iboniswa ukuthi ingu-609 MHz. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunquma ubude beza ngefomula yejubane lokukhanya elihlukaniswa nencazelo ye-arithmetic etholiwe. Ukubala: 300/609 \u003d 0.492 m. Kusukela enombolweni ewumphumela sibala u-1/4, okuzoba ubude bekhebula obudingekayo ukuze udale uthi. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi wokubala, ungasebenzisa izibali eziku-inthanethi ezizobala ngokunembile usayizi odingekayo wamagagasi angamahafu, amagagasi ekota kanye nezinti ezigcwele igagasi. Izibali eziku-inthanethi ku-Google noma ku-Yandex:

• i-dipole kanye ne-pin wokubala;
• umsakazo wokubala amateur.

I-antenna engcono kakhulu yokuzenzela ngaphandle kwensimbi ehlanganisiwe ye-TV yedijithali ye-T2: https://youtu.be/h7pcp-nvYqQ Ukwenza uthi lwezandla ngezandla zakho akunzima, kuyinkinga ukudambisa nokunamathisela yonke imininingwane. ukuze isebenze ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka nokuchitheka kwesithombe. Namuhla akudingekile ukuya esitolo futhi uthenge imishini ebizayo, kunezimo lapho kungenakwenzeka ukufika esitolo. Ungenza i-antenna ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe. Sikweluleka ukuthi ukhethe ukuklama kocingo lwe-coaxial, noma “Esishiyagalombili”. Njengemibukiso yokuphrakthiza, kulula kakhulu ukuwenza, futhi izici zawo zikuvumela ukuthi ubukele i-TV noma yikuphi.