Iyini i-satellite transponder, ithebula lemvamisa yamanje

Isistimu/isakhiwo esifakwe ngesathelayithi esiqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa
nokudluliswa kabusha kwesignali yesathelayithi ibizwa ngokuthi i-transponder. Idivayisi ithumela isignali ukuphendula leyo eyamukelwe. Uhlelo olunjalo lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusakaza inqwaba yama-multiplexes ahlukene kunoma iyiphi isathelayithi futhi inikeze izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-satellite transponder: ama-transponder avuselelayo namashubhu agobile.

AmaFilisti ajwayele ukubiza amaza e-transponder asakazwa yisathelayithi, nakuba, eqinisweni, lokhu kuyithuluzi elisakaza ngale frikhwensi ethile.

Ama-transponder wepayipi eligobile

Lolu hlobo lwe-transponder luthatha isignali ye-microwave spectrum. Ihlela kabusha imvamisa yesiginali yokufaka ibe ifrikhwensi ye-RF bese iyakwandisa. Idivayisi enjalo ilungele ukudlulisa amasignali e-analog nedijithali. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3450″ align=”alignright” wide=”768″]
Ukudluliselwa kwesignali yesethelayithi kudlula kuma-transponder amaningana[/caption]

Ama-transponder avuselelayo

Imishini enjalo iphinde yenze yonke imisebenzi ye-transponder yepayipi egobile, kodwa kulokhu kukhona ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla esignali. Ngokungeziwe kule misebenzi emi-2, i-transponder yokutakula yenza i-frequency spectrum demodulation kanye nokuthola isignali nokushintshashintsha. I-transponder yenza imisebenzi emi-2. Bamukela futhi bathumele kabusha isignali, kuyilapho izinhlelo zesimanje zisihlanza ngangokunokwenzeka emsindweni ongadingekile.

Isimiso sokusebenza

I-satellite transponder iyisethi yezingxenye ezifakwe kwisathelayithi, eklanyelwe ukwamukela nokudlulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isignali ngefrikhwensi ethile. Ifana nengxenye yesathelayithi efakwe izimpondo.

Noma iyiphi isathelayithi ifakwe inombolo ethile yamasathelayithi asakaza ku-spectrum ethile. Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwalobu buchwepheshe bokusakaza, inani leziteshi zesathelayithi ku-satellite eyodwa liye landa ngokuhleleka kobukhulu, ukusuka endaweni eyodwa ye-orbital kungenzeka ukusakaza cishe iziteshi eziyinkulungwane. Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-satellite transponder yilokhu okulandelayo – isignali ye-TV yesathelayithi egxile ku-antenna ye-transponder, futhi ngenxa yokuma kwayo okumise okwesitsha, ikhiqizwa kabusha njengokungathi isuka esibukweni iye endaweni ethile – ipuleti lokwamukela lomsebenzisi, edlulisela isignali kumamukeli, esiguqulela ku-TV efundekayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-transponder ziyi:

• i-antenna yokwamukela isignali – idivayisi eyinhloko yokuthola isignali edluliselwe;
• i- amplifier yamandla – ikhulisa amandla esignali eyamukelwe ezingeni elanele;
• i-duplexer (isihlungi sokuhlukanisa ama-frequency)  – idivayisi eklanyelwe ukuhlela ukuxhumana kwe-duplex yomsakazo usebenzisa i-antenna eyodwa evamile kokubili ukwamukela nokudlulisa isignali;
• iprosesa yokulawula – ukukhetha kanye noshintsho lwemvamisa yesignali.

Ama-Transponder eziteshi zesathelayithi ukuze abukwe mahhala i-TV yesathelayithi ngo-2021

Kuneziteshi ze-TV zesathelayithi ongazibuka mahhala, kuneziteshi ezivalwa ngokhiye omile we-BISS. Iziteshi ekubetheleni kwe-BISS zivulwa ngokukhululekile kusetshenziswa i-emulator yangaphakathi yomamukeli. Kuzo zombili izimo, udinga ukuba nethebula lakamuva lamafrikhwensi nama-transponder ukuze umise umabonakude wesathelayithi. Ithebula lamanje lama-transponders linikezwa ngezansi, inketho yokufaka ikhodi, imvamisa nayo ihlongozwa, i-transponder evaliwe noma yamahhala ikhonjisiwe. Uhlu lweziteshi zesathelayithi nama-transponders ka-2021 sesathelayithi i-Eutelsat 36B, 36.0E:

I-Eutelsat 36B, 36.0E
Imvamisa	Isivinini / SR	Igama lesiteshi	I-BISS/ID	Okujwayelekile
11212H	14400, 3/5	2 TV (Georgia)	–	I-DVB-S2
11212H	14400, 3/5	1 TV HD (Georgia)**	–	I-DVB-S2
11212H	14400, 3/5	I-Rustavi 2	–	I-DVB-S2
11212H	14400, 3/5	amahlaya	–	I-DVB-S2
11212H	14400, 3/5	Marao TV	–	I-DVB-S2
11230H	15000, 3/5	Izindaba ze-Palette	–	I-DVB-S2
11230H	15000, 3/5	I-POS TV	–	I-DVB-S2
11230H	15000, 3/5	I-Maestro	–	I-DVB-S2
11230H	15000, 3/5	I-Imedi TV HD	–	I-DVB-S2
11230H	15000, 3/5	I-GDS TV	–	I-DVB-S2
11230H	15000, 3/5	Amahlaya	–	I-DVB-S2
11230H	15000, 3/5	I-Rustavi 2	–	I-DVB-S2
11230H	15000, 3/5	Marao TV	–	I-DVB-S2
11766 L	30000, 5/6	I-Infochannel Tricolor HD	–	I-DVB-S2
11785 R	27500, 3/4	Thenga&Show	–	I-DVB-S2
11843 L	27500, 3/4	I-TV Search Tricolor	–	I-DVB-S2
11977 R	27500, 3/4	8 isiteshi	–	I-DVB-S2
11977 R	27500, 3/4	I-HSR24 (I-Home Shopping Russia)	–	I-DVB-S2
12174 L	4340, 3/4	TNV Tatarstan	–	–
12226 L	27500, 3/4	Ishaneli yolwazi i-Tricolor	–	–
12226 L	27500, 3/4	I-Telemaster Tricolor (Mpeg 4)	–	–
12226 L	27500, 3/4	I-Promo Tricolor (Mpeg 4)	–	–
12265 L	27500, 3/4	Ukuthenga Bukhoma (Mpeg 4)	–	–
12303 L	27500, 3/4	Inyunyana	–	I-DVB-S2

Ama-transponder eziteshi zesathelayithi ukuze abukwe mahhala kumasathelayithi AMOS 4W, ASTRA 4.9E, HOTBIRD 13E ka-2021: https://youtu.be/Z5NOvNAG_eg

Ukusetha ukusakaza

Ake sithi sinqume ngesathelayithi. Isibonelo, lena yi-Eutelsat 36B, 36.0E. Kuyadingeka ukusetha isitsha sesathelayithi futhi ubambe isignali, unqume ikhwalithi yesiginali.

Indlela yokufaka isidlo sesathelayithi futhi usethe i-TV yesathelayithi ngokuningiliziwe
kusixhumanisi . Ikholomu yokuqala ithi “Frequency” – singathatha imvamisa edingekayo etafuleni lama-transponder namafrikhwensi. Ekuqaleni, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi i-spectrum le frequency efakwe kuyo. Sishayela ngesidingo sisebenzisa isilawuli kude.
Uhlobo lwe-polarization lubekwe kukholamu efanayo (uhlamvu oluseduze nalo). Iqondile noma evundlile (“H”, “V”). Bonke abemukeli besimanje basekela cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-polarization. Ikholomu yesibili ithi “Speed/SR”. Idatha ifakwe kule kholomu – SR (isilinganiso sophawu) kanye ne-FEC (ukulungiswa kwephutha).
SR – leli nani lilingana nenani lophawu olusekelwa umamukeli wakho. Kodwa izamukeli zesathelayithi zanamuhla zisekela zonke izinhlobo zale pharamitha, ngakho-ke le pharamitha ingeqiwa.
I-FEC– uma usebenzisa amabhokisi esimanjemanje esethi-top yesathelayithi, le parameter nayo ingeqiwa. Ikholomu yesithathu “Igama Lesiteshi” yigama lesiteshi sesathelayithi, isignali yaso esakazwa ku-transponder ethile. Isibonelo, igama le-TV noma ishaneli yomsakazo, noma igama lesevisi ye-Inthanethi. Ikholomu yesine ithi “BISS/ID”. Uhlobo lombhalo wekhodi kanye nokuba khona/ukungabikho kwawo kuboniswa yile nkambu.
Ngamanye amazwi, uma kukhona uhlobo oluthile lombhalo wekhodi ku-transponder, le sevisi iyakhokhwa. Ukusetha imishini yesathelayithi ezintweni zanamuhla, udinga ukwazi amanani amathathu – imvamisa, uhlobo lwe-polarization, uhlobo lombhalo wekhodi. Ngingawatholaphi amaza amanje nama-transponder eziteshi zesathelayithi? Isimanje okwamanje (maphakathi no-2021) ngaphezulu nangaphansi embhalweni, uma udinga okwakamuva, kukhona izinketho ezimbili. Kusuka ezincwadini ezinyathelisiwe zesihloko osifunayo, noma kuyi-Internet. Uma inketho yokuqala ifaneleka kakhulu, isibonelo, kubantu basemaphandleni, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi umagazini usuphuzile ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba iziteshi zesathelayithi zishintsha ama-frequencies kanye nama-transponders ngezikhathi ezithile. Ku-inthanethi, kwanele ukushayela esicelweni esinjalo “ithebula le-satellite transponders”.
Landa ithebula

Ama-Satellite TV transponders avela ku-MTS

Amafrikhwensi nama-transponder
e-TV yesathelayithi evela ku-MTS . Amafrikhwensi wesiteshi se-MTS kusathelayithi ye-ABC-2:

Igama lesiteshi	I-LED	I-APID	I-VPID	Ifomethi	Umsindo. Ithrekhi
11740V Russia 53 DVD-S2 8PSK SR 45000 FEC 2/3
Ikhaya (+4h)	1603	4899	4898	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isiteshi se-TV se-Zvezda (+4h)	1604	4907	4906	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-carousel (+3h)	1605	4915	4914	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-carousel (+7h)	1606	4923	4922	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-HTB (+7h)	1607	4931	4930	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-HTB (+2h)	1608	4939	4938	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-HTB (+4h)	1609	4947	4946	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isiteshi sokuqala(+4h)	1610	4955	4954	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isiteshi sokuqala(+6h)	1611	4963	4962	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isiteshi sokuqala(+2h)	1612	4971	4970	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isiteshi 5 (+7h)	1614	4987	4986	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isiteshi 5 (+4h)	1615	4995	4994	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
NgoLwesihlanu! (+4h)	1616	5003	5002	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-REN TV (+4h)	1617	5011	5010	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-REN TV (+7h)	1618	5019	5018	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-Russia 1 (+4h)	1619	5027	5026	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-Russia 1 (+6h)	1620	5035	5034	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-Russia 1 (+2h)	1621	5043	5042	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-STS (+2h)	1622	5051	5050	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-STS (+4h)	1623	5059	5058	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-STS (+7h)	1624	5067	5066	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-TV 3 (+3h)	1625	5075	5074	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isikhungo se-TV (+4h)	1626	5083	5082	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isikhungo se-TV (+7h)	1627	5091	5090	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-TNT (+4h)	1628	5099	5098	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-TNT (+7h)	1629	5107	5106	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-TNT (+2h)	1631	5123	5122	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-Russia K (+2h)	1632	5131	5130	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-Russia K (+4h)	1633	5139	5138	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-Russia K (+7h)	1634	5147	5.46	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
5 Isiteshi (+2h)	1635	5155	5154	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isikhungo se-TV (+2h)	1636	5163	5162	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-REN TV (+2h)	1637	5171	5170	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Ikhaya (+2h)	1638	5179	5178	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Ikhaya (+7h)	1639	5187	5186	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-TV 3 (+2h)	1640	5195	5194	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
I-TV 3 (+7h)	1641	5203	5202	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isiteshi se-TV se-Zvezda (+2h)	1642	5211	5210	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Isiteshi se-TV se-Zvezda (+7h)	1643	5219	5218	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Umhlaba (+2h)	1644	5227	5226	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Ukuthula (+4h)	1645	5235	5234	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
Ukuthula (+7h)	1646	5243	5242	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
NgoLwesihlanu! (+2h)	1647	5251	5250	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
NgoLwesihlanu! (+7h)	1648	5259	5258	I-MPEG-4	IsiRashiya.
11800 V Russia 53 DVB-S2 8PSK SR 45000 FEC 2/3
I-FTV	I-HEVS/UHD	1291	2402	2403	IsiNgisi
Russian ngokwedlulele	I-HEVS/UHD	1292	2410	2411 Rus, 2412 Rus AC 3	IsiRashiya.
I-Eurosport 1	I-HEVS/UHD	1293	2418	2419 Rus 2420 Eng	IsiRashiya/IsiNgisi

Ukusetha iziteshi ze-TV ku-MTS TV kungenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo noma, uma kuthanda, lokhu kwenziwa obhalisile ngemodi yezandla. Esimweni sokugcina, kuzodingeka ushayele ngokwakho amaza. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3200″ align=”aligncenter” width=”512″]
Ukumbozwa ngesignali yesethelayithi evela ku-MTS TV[/caption] Isichasiselo esifushane sokusetha i-TV yesathelayithi kusuka ku-MTS:

• Lungisa uthi oluhlinzekiwe odongeni lwesakhiwo ngendlela yokuthi amakhanda abe engeli edingekayo ku-transponder.
• Misa i-clamp ukuze ipuleti libe se-engeli engu-30° ukuya evundlile.
• I-azimuth yokutsheka “ye-antenna” kufanele isethwe ukuze ime mpo ngo-1 °.
• Beka ipuleti nge-engeli engu-137°.
• Vula i-TV bese uhlola ikhwalithi yesiginali.
• Uma ikhwalithi edingekayo ingekho, kuyadingeka ukuzungezisa i-antenna ngedigri engu-1 futhi uhlole ikhwalithi yesiginali esinyathelweni ngasinye.
• Uma unesethi “ye-TV evela ku-MTS”, iziteshi ze-TV kufanele zimiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Uma udinga ukushuna i-TV ngokwakho, sebenzisa idatha ye-transponder ephakanyiswe ngenhla.

Imiyalelo enemininingwane yokuthi ungasetha kanjani isidlo sesathelayithi kusuka ku-MTS.

Ukusetha kokuqala

Ngaphambi kokuthenga ikhithi ye-TV yesathelayithi kwa-MTS, kufanele. Hlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukufaka imishini. Ngale njongo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwefoni lwamahhala olungadawunilodeke ku-App Store noma i-Play Market (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esys.satfinder&hl=en&gl =US). Uhlelo lokusebenza olubizwa nge-“SatFinder”, ngemuva kokulufaka ocingweni lwakho, kuzokwazi ukubona amasathelayithi atholakala endaweni ethile.
Uhlelo lokusebenza likuvumela ukuthi uthole indawo ngqo yamasathelayithi, futhi lizokukhombisa indlela yokubeka kahle uthi lwe-antenna. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3101” align = “aligncenter” wide = “660”]
Isethi yemishini ye-MTS yokuxhuma kanye nokuqalisa ukusakazwa kwamashaneli esathelayithi [/ amazwibela] Ngemva kokufaka, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi akukho lutho oluphazamisa ukwamukela isignali. Izihlahla, izakhiwo kanye nezinye izithiyo kuzohlanekezela kakhulu isignali. Ukuze ufake okokusebenza kwesathelayithi, udinga okulandelayo:

1. imojuli noma okunamathiselwe.
2. I-SIM khadi uma kudingeka.
3. Ipuleti.
4. Izikhwebu zamapuleti.
5. Ikhebula .
6. Isiguquli.
7. Dysec.
8. Ithuluzi lokukhweza.
9. Xhuma ukuze uxhume ikhebula ku-TV.