Isistimu/isakhiwo esifakwe ngesathelayithi esiqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa
nokudluliswa kabusha kwesignali yesathelayithi ibizwa ngokuthi i-transponder. Idivayisi ithumela isignali ukuphendula leyo eyamukelwe. Uhlelo olunjalo lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusakaza inqwaba yama-multiplexes ahlukene kunoma iyiphi isathelayithi futhi inikeze izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-satellite transponder: ama-transponder avuselelayo namashubhu agobile.
AmaFilisti ajwayele ukubiza amaza e-transponder asakazwa yisathelayithi, nakuba, eqinisweni, lokhu kuyithuluzi elisakaza ngale frikhwensi ethile.
Ama-transponder wepayipi eligobile
Lolu hlobo lwe-transponder luthatha isignali ye-microwave spectrum. Ihlela kabusha imvamisa yesiginali yokufaka ibe ifrikhwensi ye-RF bese iyakwandisa. Idivayisi enjalo ilungele ukudlulisa amasignali e-analog nedijithali. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3450″ align=”alignright” wide=”768″]
Ukudluliselwa kwesignali yesethelayithi kudlula kuma-transponder amaningana[/caption]
Ama-transponder avuselelayo
Imishini enjalo iphinde yenze yonke imisebenzi ye-transponder yepayipi egobile, kodwa kulokhu kukhona ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla esignali. Ngokungeziwe kule misebenzi emi-2, i-transponder yokutakula yenza i-frequency spectrum demodulation kanye nokuthola isignali nokushintshashintsha. I-transponder yenza imisebenzi emi-2. Bamukela futhi bathumele kabusha isignali, kuyilapho izinhlelo zesimanje zisihlanza ngangokunokwenzeka emsindweni ongadingekile.
Isimiso sokusebenza
I-satellite transponder iyisethi yezingxenye ezifakwe kwisathelayithi, eklanyelwe ukwamukela nokudlulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isignali ngefrikhwensi ethile. Ifana nengxenye yesathelayithi efakwe izimpondo.
Noma iyiphi isathelayithi ifakwe inombolo ethile yamasathelayithi asakaza ku-spectrum ethile. Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwalobu buchwepheshe bokusakaza, inani leziteshi zesathelayithi ku-satellite eyodwa liye landa ngokuhleleka kobukhulu, ukusuka endaweni eyodwa ye-orbital kungenzeka ukusakaza cishe iziteshi eziyinkulungwane. Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-satellite transponder yilokhu okulandelayo – isignali ye-TV yesathelayithi egxile ku-antenna ye-transponder, futhi ngenxa yokuma kwayo okumise okwesitsha, ikhiqizwa kabusha njengokungathi isuka esibukweni iye endaweni ethile – ipuleti lokwamukela lomsebenzisi, edlulisela isignali kumamukeli, esiguqulela ku-TV efundekayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-transponder ziyi:
- i-antenna yokwamukela isignali – idivayisi eyinhloko yokuthola isignali edluliselwe;
- i- amplifier yamandla – ikhulisa amandla esignali eyamukelwe ezingeni elanele;
- i-duplexer (isihlungi sokuhlukanisa ama-frequency) – idivayisi eklanyelwe ukuhlela ukuxhumana kwe-duplex yomsakazo usebenzisa i-antenna eyodwa evamile kokubili ukwamukela nokudlulisa isignali;
- iprosesa yokulawula – ukukhetha kanye noshintsho lwemvamisa yesignali.
Ama-Transponder eziteshi zesathelayithi ukuze abukwe mahhala i-TV yesathelayithi ngo-2021
Kuneziteshi ze-TV zesathelayithi ongazibuka mahhala, kuneziteshi ezivalwa ngokhiye omile we-BISS. Iziteshi ekubetheleni kwe-BISS zivulwa ngokukhululekile kusetshenziswa i-emulator yangaphakathi yomamukeli. Kuzo zombili izimo, udinga ukuba nethebula lakamuva lamafrikhwensi nama-transponder ukuze umise umabonakude wesathelayithi. Ithebula lamanje lama-transponders linikezwa ngezansi, inketho yokufaka ikhodi, imvamisa nayo ihlongozwa, i-transponder evaliwe noma yamahhala ikhonjisiwe. Uhlu lweziteshi zesathelayithi nama-transponders ka-2021 sesathelayithi i-Eutelsat 36B, 36.0E:
| I-Eutelsat 36B, 36.0E | ||||
| Imvamisa | Isivinini / SR | Igama lesiteshi | I-BISS/ID | Okujwayelekile |
| 11212H | 14400, 3/5 | 2 TV (Georgia) | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11212H | 14400, 3/5 | 1 TV HD (Georgia)** | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11212H | 14400, 3/5 | I-Rustavi 2 | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11212H | 14400, 3/5 | amahlaya | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11212H | 14400, 3/5 | Marao TV | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11230H | 15000, 3/5 | Izindaba ze-Palette | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11230H | 15000, 3/5 | I-POS TV | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11230H | 15000, 3/5 | I-Maestro | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11230H | 15000, 3/5 | I-Imedi TV HD | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11230H | 15000, 3/5 | I-GDS TV | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11230H | 15000, 3/5 | Amahlaya | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11230H | 15000, 3/5 | I-Rustavi 2 | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11230H | 15000, 3/5 | Marao TV | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11766 L | 30000, 5/6 | I-Infochannel Tricolor HD | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11785 R | 27500, 3/4 | Thenga&Show | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11843 L | 27500, 3/4 | I-TV Search Tricolor | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11977 R | 27500, 3/4 | 8 isiteshi | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 11977 R | 27500, 3/4 | I-HSR24 (I-Home Shopping Russia) | – | I-DVB-S2 |
| 12174 L | 4340, 3/4 | TNV Tatarstan | – | – |
| 12226 L | 27500, 3/4 | Ishaneli yolwazi i-Tricolor | – | – |
| 12226 L | 27500, 3/4 | I-Telemaster Tricolor (Mpeg 4) | – | – |
| 12226 L | 27500, 3/4 | I-Promo Tricolor (Mpeg 4) | – | – |
| 12265 L | 27500, 3/4 | Ukuthenga Bukhoma (Mpeg 4) | – | – |
| 12303 L | 27500, 3/4 | Inyunyana | – | I-DVB-S2 |
Ama-transponder eziteshi zesathelayithi ukuze abukwe mahhala kumasathelayithi AMOS 4W, ASTRA 4.9E, HOTBIRD 13E ka-2021: https://youtu.be/Z5NOvNAG_eg
Ukusetha ukusakaza
Ake sithi sinqume ngesathelayithi. Isibonelo, lena yi-Eutelsat 36B, 36.0E. Kuyadingeka ukusetha isitsha sesathelayithi futhi ubambe isignali, unqume ikhwalithi yesiginali.
kusixhumanisi . Ikholomu yokuqala ithi “Frequency” – singathatha imvamisa edingekayo etafuleni lama-transponder namafrikhwensi. Ekuqaleni, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi i-spectrum le frequency efakwe kuyo. Sishayela ngesidingo sisebenzisa isilawuli kude.
Uhlobo lwe-polarization lubekwe kukholamu efanayo (uhlamvu oluseduze nalo). Iqondile noma evundlile (“H”, “V”). Bonke abemukeli besimanje basekela cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-polarization. Ikholomu yesibili ithi “Speed/SR”. Idatha ifakwe kule kholomu – SR (isilinganiso sophawu) kanye ne-FEC (ukulungiswa kwephutha).
SR – leli nani lilingana nenani lophawu olusekelwa umamukeli wakho. Kodwa izamukeli zesathelayithi zanamuhla zisekela zonke izinhlobo zale pharamitha, ngakho-ke le pharamitha ingeqiwa.
I-FEC– uma usebenzisa amabhokisi esimanjemanje esethi-top yesathelayithi, le parameter nayo ingeqiwa. Ikholomu yesithathu “Igama Lesiteshi” yigama lesiteshi sesathelayithi, isignali yaso esakazwa ku-transponder ethile. Isibonelo, igama le-TV noma ishaneli yomsakazo, noma igama lesevisi ye-Inthanethi. Ikholomu yesine ithi “BISS/ID”. Uhlobo lombhalo wekhodi kanye nokuba khona/ukungabikho kwawo kuboniswa yile nkambu.
Ngamanye amazwi, uma kukhona uhlobo oluthile lombhalo wekhodi ku-transponder, le sevisi iyakhokhwa. Ukusetha imishini yesathelayithi ezintweni zanamuhla, udinga ukwazi amanani amathathu – imvamisa, uhlobo lwe-polarization, uhlobo lombhalo wekhodi. Ngingawatholaphi amaza amanje nama-transponder eziteshi zesathelayithi? Isimanje okwamanje (maphakathi no-2021) ngaphezulu nangaphansi embhalweni, uma udinga okwakamuva, kukhona izinketho ezimbili. Kusuka ezincwadini ezinyathelisiwe zesihloko osifunayo, noma kuyi-Internet. Uma inketho yokuqala ifaneleka kakhulu, isibonelo, kubantu basemaphandleni, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi umagazini usuphuzile ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba iziteshi zesathelayithi zishintsha ama-frequencies kanye nama-transponders ngezikhathi ezithile. Ku-inthanethi, kwanele ukushayela esicelweni esinjalo “ithebula le-satellite transponders”.
Landa ithebula
Ama-Satellite TV transponders avela ku-MTS
Amafrikhwensi nama-transponder
e-TV yesathelayithi evela ku-MTS . Amafrikhwensi wesiteshi se-MTS kusathelayithi ye-ABC-2:
| Igama lesiteshi | I-LED | I-APID | I-VPID | Ifomethi | Umsindo. Ithrekhi |
| 11740V Russia 53 DVD-S2 8PSK SR 45000 FEC 2/3 | |||||
| Ikhaya (+4h) | 1603 | 4899 | 4898 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isiteshi se-TV se-Zvezda (+4h) | 1604 | 4907 | 4906 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-carousel (+3h) | 1605 | 4915 | 4914 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-carousel (+7h) | 1606 | 4923 | 4922 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-HTB (+7h) | 1607 | 4931 | 4930 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-HTB (+2h) | 1608 | 4939 | 4938 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-HTB (+4h) | 1609 | 4947 | 4946 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isiteshi sokuqala(+4h) | 1610 | 4955 | 4954 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isiteshi sokuqala(+6h) | 1611 | 4963 | 4962 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isiteshi sokuqala(+2h) | 1612 | 4971 | 4970 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isiteshi 5 (+7h) | 1614 | 4987 | 4986 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isiteshi 5 (+4h) | 1615 | 4995 | 4994 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| NgoLwesihlanu! (+4h) | 1616 | 5003 | 5002 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-REN TV (+4h) | 1617 | 5011 | 5010 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-REN TV (+7h) | 1618 | 5019 | 5018 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-Russia 1 (+4h) | 1619 | 5027 | 5026 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-Russia 1 (+6h) | 1620 | 5035 | 5034 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-Russia 1 (+2h) | 1621 | 5043 | 5042 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-STS (+2h) | 1622 | 5051 | 5050 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-STS (+4h) | 1623 | 5059 | 5058 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-STS (+7h) | 1624 | 5067 | 5066 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-TV 3 (+3h) | 1625 | 5075 | 5074 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isikhungo se-TV (+4h) | 1626 | 5083 | 5082 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isikhungo se-TV (+7h) | 1627 | 5091 | 5090 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-TNT (+4h) | 1628 | 5099 | 5098 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-TNT (+7h) | 1629 | 5107 | 5106 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-TNT (+2h) | 1631 | 5123 | 5122 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-Russia K (+2h) | 1632 | 5131 | 5130 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-Russia K (+4h) | 1633 | 5139 | 5138 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-Russia K (+7h) | 1634 | 5147 | 5.46 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| 5 Isiteshi (+2h) | 1635 | 5155 | 5154 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isikhungo se-TV (+2h) | 1636 | 5163 | 5162 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-REN TV (+2h) | 1637 | 5171 | 5170 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Ikhaya (+2h) | 1638 | 5179 | 5178 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Ikhaya (+7h) | 1639 | 5187 | 5186 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-TV 3 (+2h) | 1640 | 5195 | 5194 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-TV 3 (+7h) | 1641 | 5203 | 5202 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isiteshi se-TV se-Zvezda (+2h) | 1642 | 5211 | 5210 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Isiteshi se-TV se-Zvezda (+7h) | 1643 | 5219 | 5218 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Umhlaba (+2h) | 1644 | 5227 | 5226 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Ukuthula (+4h) | 1645 | 5235 | 5234 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| Ukuthula (+7h) | 1646 | 5243 | 5242 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| NgoLwesihlanu! (+2h) | 1647 | 5251 | 5250 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| NgoLwesihlanu! (+7h) | 1648 | 5259 | 5258 | I-MPEG-4 | IsiRashiya. |
| 11800 V Russia 53 DVB-S2 8PSK SR 45000 FEC 2/3 | |||||
| I-FTV | I-HEVS/UHD | 1291 | 2402 | 2403 | IsiNgisi |
| Russian ngokwedlulele | I-HEVS/UHD | 1292 | 2410 | 2411 Rus, 2412 Rus AC 3 | IsiRashiya. |
| I-Eurosport 1 | I-HEVS/UHD | 1293 | 2418 | 2419 Rus 2420 Eng | IsiRashiya/IsiNgisi |
Ukusetha iziteshi ze-TV ku-MTS TV kungenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo noma, uma kuthanda, lokhu kwenziwa obhalisile ngemodi yezandla. Esimweni sokugcina, kuzodingeka ushayele ngokwakho amaza. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3200″ align=”aligncenter” width=”512″]
Ukumbozwa ngesignali yesethelayithi evela ku-MTS TV[/caption] Isichasiselo esifushane sokusetha i-TV yesathelayithi kusuka ku-MTS:
- Lungisa uthi oluhlinzekiwe odongeni lwesakhiwo ngendlela yokuthi amakhanda abe engeli edingekayo ku-transponder.
- Misa i-clamp ukuze ipuleti libe se-engeli engu-30° ukuya evundlile.
- I-azimuth yokutsheka “ye-antenna” kufanele isethwe ukuze ime mpo ngo-1 °.
- Beka ipuleti nge-engeli engu-137°.
- Vula i-TV bese uhlola ikhwalithi yesiginali.
- Uma ikhwalithi edingekayo ingekho, kuyadingeka ukuzungezisa i-antenna ngedigri engu-1 futhi uhlole ikhwalithi yesiginali esinyathelweni ngasinye.
- Uma unesethi “ye-TV evela ku-MTS”, iziteshi ze-TV kufanele zimiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Uma udinga ukushuna i-TV ngokwakho, sebenzisa idatha ye-transponder ephakanyiswe ngenhla.
Imiyalelo enemininingwane yokuthi ungasetha kanjani isidlo sesathelayithi kusuka ku-MTS.
Ukusetha kokuqala
Ngaphambi kokuthenga ikhithi ye-TV yesathelayithi kwa-MTS, kufanele. Hlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukufaka imishini. Ngale njongo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwefoni lwamahhala olungadawunilodeke ku-App Store noma i-Play Market (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esys.satfinder&hl=en&gl =US). Uhlelo lokusebenza olubizwa nge-“SatFinder”, ngemuva kokulufaka ocingweni lwakho, kuzokwazi ukubona amasathelayithi atholakala endaweni ethile.
Uhlelo lokusebenza likuvumela ukuthi uthole indawo ngqo yamasathelayithi, futhi lizokukhombisa indlela yokubeka kahle uthi lwe-antenna. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3101” align = “aligncenter” wide = “660”]
Isethi yemishini ye-MTS yokuxhuma kanye nokuqalisa ukusakazwa kwamashaneli esathelayithi [/ amazwibela] Ngemva kokufaka, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi akukho lutho oluphazamisa ukwamukela isignali. Izihlahla, izakhiwo kanye nezinye izithiyo kuzohlanekezela kakhulu isignali. Ukuze ufake okokusebenza kwesathelayithi, udinga okulandelayo:
J’ai une télévision sur satellite. Je désire contacter un responsable de satellite pour faire héberger ma chaîne. Je suis au Bénin à Cotonou. Prière m’aider, c’est urgent pour moi. Merci